CN110212989B - Radio frequency hopping signal generation method and device based on cyclic frequency shift - Google Patents
Radio frequency hopping signal generation method and device based on cyclic frequency shift Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radio frequency hopping signal generation method based on cyclic frequency shift, which is used for generating a radio frequency hopping signal with a frequency off cThe optical signal is divided into two paths; performing frequency shift on the first path of optical signal to obtain a reference optical signal; converting the second path of optical signal into a periodic optical pulse signal through an optical switch, inputting the optical pulse signal into a cyclic frequency shift module, and outputting an optical frequency hopping signal from the cyclic frequency shift module; and performing beat frequency on the optical frequency hopping signal and the reference optical signal to obtain a radio frequency hopping signal, wherein the center frequency of the radio frequency hopping signal can be adjusted by changing the frequency shift amount of the first path of optical signal. The invention also discloses a radio frequency hopping signal generating device based on the cyclic frequency shift. The invention can improve the bandwidth range of the frequency hopping signal, realize high-speed frequency hopping, and the center frequency and the frequency hopping speed of the frequency hopping signal are controllable.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for generating a radio frequency hopping signal, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for generating a radio frequency hopping signal using microwave photon technology.
Background
The frequency hopping signal is a spread spectrum mode, has good anti-interference effect and has important effect in communication, radar and electronic warfare systems. In a communication system, the frequency hopping technology can improve the communication capacity and the anti-interference capability; in a radar system, a large Time-Bandwidth Product (TBWP) of a frequency hopping signal can increase a detection distance and improve a range resolution. Currently, the frequency hopping signals generated by the conventional electronic method are limited by electronic bottlenecks, have small bandwidth (at GHz) and low speed (in the order of kHz). With the development of microwave photonic technology, methods for generating radio frequency hopping signals in the optical domain have been proposed. The microwave frequency sweep signal can be generated by two optical beat frequencies with different wavelengths generated by one distributed bragg reflector laser or two distributed feedback lasers. However, the linewidth of the light increases as the frequency is swept, so that the quality of the generated radio frequency signal is deteriorated. Meanwhile, a space-time mapping method and a frequency-time mapping method are also provided. The Lewang philosophy et al proposed a photoelectric oscillator-based Frequency hopping signal generation method in "Frequency-hopping microwave generation based on a Frequency-tunable electronic oscillator" (Li, Wangzhe, Weifeng Zhang, and Jianping Yao. "Frequency-hopping microwave generation based on a Frequency-tunable-electronic oscillator," Optical fiber communication conference, Optical resource algorithm 2014.), with a Frequency hopping speed of 10MHz, a TBWP of 700, and a bandwidth of less than 10 GHz. Zhou Pei produced a frequency hopping signal with a bandwidth of more than 10GHz by an optical injection semiconductor laser in a "Flexible frequency-hopping microwave generation by dynamic control optical injected semiconductor laser" (Zhou, Pei, et al, "IEEE Photonics Journal 8.6(2016):1-9.) with a frequency hopping speed of 10 MHz.
Compared with the traditional electric method, the bandwidth of the frequency hopping signal generated by utilizing the microwave photon technology is greatly improved. How to further expand the bandwidth range is still under investigation; meanwhile, how to realize high-speed frequency hopping and control frequency hopping speed is yet to be further researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a method for generating a radio frequency hopping signal, which can improve the bandwidth range of the hopping signal, realize high-speed frequency hopping, and control the center frequency and the frequency hopping speed of the hopping signal.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a method for generating RF frequency-hopping signal based on cyclic frequency shift features that the frequency is fcThe optical signal is divided into two paths; performing frequency shift on the first path of optical signal to obtain a reference optical signal; converting the second path of optical signal into a periodic optical pulse signal through an optical switch, inputting the optical pulse signal into a cyclic frequency shift module, and enabling the following conditions to be met:
Preferably, the cyclic frequency shift module includes:
an optical combiner for combining the optical pulse signal with an optical signal from the optical splitter;
the double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is driven by radio-frequency signals with the same other parameters but with the phase difference of pi/2, and is used for carrying out frequency shift on the input optical signals, wherein the frequency shift is the frequency of the radio-frequency signals, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator;
the optical splitter is used for splitting output signals of the double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator into two paths, one path is used as the output of the circulating frequency shift module, and the other path is sent to the optical combiner;
an optical filter connected in series between the optical combiner and the optical splitter or connected at the output end of the cyclic frequency shift module and having a frequency fc+Δf～fcThe + N × Δ f optical signal is bandpass for frequencyIs fcOptical signals of frequencies of + (N +1) × Δ f and above are bandstops.
Further preferably, the cyclic frequency shift module further comprises an optical amplifier connected in series between the optical combiner and the optical splitter.
Preferably, the first optical signal is frequency-shifted by using a dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator, the dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator is driven by the radio-frequency signal with the same other parameters but with the phase difference of pi/2, the frequency shift amount is the frequency of the radio-frequency signal, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator.
Preferably, the optical switch is a mach-zehnder modulator, and the switching state of the optical switch is controlled by a bias state of the mach-zehnder modulator.
The following technical scheme can be obtained according to the same invention concept:
a radio frequency hopping signal generating apparatus based on cyclic frequency shift, comprising:
light source for generating frequency fcThe optical signal of (a);
the first optical coupler is used for dividing the optical signal output by the light source into two paths;
the optical frequency shift module is used for carrying out frequency shift on a first path of optical signals output by the light source to obtain reference optical signals;
the optical switch is used for converting the second path of optical signals output by the light source into periodic optical pulse signals;
a cyclic frequency shift module for performing cyclic frequency shift on the optical pulse signal to output an optical frequency hopping signal, and the following conditions are satisfied:
or
Wherein T and tau are the period and the pulse width of the optical pulse signal respectively, TLThe time required for light to travel for one circle in a loop of the cyclic frequency shift module is N, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
the second optical coupler is used for combining the reference optical signal and the optical frequency hopping signal into one path;
and the photoelectric detector is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the output optical signal of the second optical coupler and then outputting a radio frequency hopping signal.
Preferably, the cyclic frequency shift module includes:
an optical combiner for combining the optical pulse signal with an optical signal from the optical splitter;
the double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is driven by radio-frequency signals with the same other parameters but with the phase difference of pi/2, and is used for carrying out frequency shift on the input optical signals, wherein the frequency shift is the frequency of the radio-frequency signals, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator;
the optical splitter is used for splitting output signals of the double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator into two paths, one path is used as the output of the circulating frequency shift module, and the other path is sent to the optical combiner;
an optical filter connected in series between the optical combiner and the optical splitter or connected at the output end of the cyclic frequency shift module and having a frequency fc+Δf～fcThe + N × Δ f optical signal is bandpass for frequency fcOptical signals of frequencies of + (N +1) × Δ f and above are bandstops.
Further preferably, the cyclic frequency shift module further comprises an optical amplifier connected in series between the optical combiner and the optical splitter.
Preferably, the optical frequency shift module is a dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator, the dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator is driven by the radio-frequency signal with the same other parameters but with the phase difference of pi/2, the frequency shift amount is the frequency of the radio-frequency signal, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the dual-parallel mach-zehnder modulator.
Preferably, the optical switch is a mach-zehnder modulator, and the switching state of the optical switch is controlled by a bias state of the mach-zehnder modulator.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention breaks through the bandwidth limitation of the traditional method to the generated signal, can improve the bandwidth of the generated radio frequency signal, and the bandwidth is only limited by the bandwidths of the photoelectric detector and the optical filter.
The frequency hopping speed of the frequency hopping signal generated by the invention is controllable, and the frequency hopping rate can be changed according to requirements by changing the opening duration of the optical switch, the switching period of the optical switch and the time of the light for winding a circle in the cyclic frequency shifting module, so that high-speed frequency hopping can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a radio frequency hopping signal generating apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the cyclic frequency shift module;
in fig. 3, T isL，T＝NTLThe corresponding relation between the generated radio frequency hopping signal and the clock signal waveform is shown schematically, wherein the upper part is the radio frequency hopping signal waveform, the lower part is the clock signal waveform, tau is the opening duration of the optical switch, namely the time of one turn of light in a loop, and T is the opening period of the optical switch;
fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are output waveforms after the on duration of the optical switch is changed, wherein fig. 4(a) is the case that the on duration of the optical switch is shortened, and fig. 4(b) is the case that the on duration of the optical switch is prolonged;
fig. 5(a) and 5(b) are output waveforms after changing the on-off period of the optical switch, wherein fig. 5(a) is a case where the on-off period of the optical switch is extended, and fig. 5(b) is a case where the on-off period of the optical switch is shortened;
FIG. 6 is TLA waveform generated when T is N τ, where the on time of the optical switch is τ and the time for which the light makes one turn in the loop is TLThe switching period of the optical switch is T;
FIG. 7 is TLA waveform generated when T is N τ, where the on time of the optical switch is τ and the time for which the light makes one turn in the loop is TLThe on-off period of the optical switch is T.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention divides an optical carrier into two paths, one path carries out frequency shift, the other path generates an optical frequency hopping signal by the mutual matching of an optical switch and a cyclic frequency shift module, and then beats the two paths of signals, thereby obtaining the radio frequency hopping signal with large bandwidth and controllable central frequency and frequency hopping rate.
Specifically, the method for generating a radio frequency hopping signal based on cyclic frequency shift specifically comprises the following steps: will have a frequency fcThe optical signal is divided into two paths; performing frequency shift on the first path of optical signal to obtain a reference optical signal; converting the second path of optical signal into a periodic optical pulse signal through an optical switch, inputting the optical pulse signal into a cyclic frequency shift module, and enabling the following conditions to be met:
or
Wherein T and tau are the period and the pulse width of the optical pulse signal respectively, TLOutputting a light frequency hopping signal from the cyclic frequency shift module if the light takes time for one circle in a loop of the cyclic frequency shift module and N is an integer greater than 1; and performing beat frequency on the optical frequency hopping signal and the reference optical signal to obtain a radio frequency hopping signal, wherein the center frequency of the radio frequency hopping signal can be adjusted by changing the frequency shift amount of the first path of optical signal.
For the public understanding, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the radio frequency hopping signal generating apparatus of the present invention includes a laser source, an optical frequency shift module, an optical switch, a cyclic frequency shift module, a photodetector, and two optical couplers; the frequency of the laser source being fcThe optical signal is divided into two paths by a first optical coupler, one path is sent to a cyclic frequency shift module through an optical switch and is controlled by a clock signal of the optical switch to obtain an optical frequency hopping signal, and the other path is used as a reference optical signal of the subsequent beat frequency after being frequency shifted by the optical frequency shift module; using photoelectric detector to beat frequency between the light frequency hopping signal and the reference light signal to obtain the beamAnd the center frequency of the radio frequency hopping signal can be adjusted by changing the frequency shift amount of the first path of optical signal.
The optical frequency shift module may use various existing optical frequency shift technologies, such as the most commonly used acousto-optic modulator, but preferably uses an optical frequency shift scheme based on a dual parallel mach-zehnder modulator driven by a radio frequency signal with the same remaining parameters but with a phase difference of pi/2, the frequency shift amount is the frequency of the radio frequency signal, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the dual parallel mach-zehnder modulator. Compared with the method for shifting the frequency by using the acousto-optic modulator, the method has the advantages that the frequency shifting frequency is higher, the frequency shifting range of the acousto-optic modulator is in the MHz level, and the frequency shifting range of the method is in GHz.
The cyclic frequency shift module used in the present invention is a single loop including a double parallel mach-zehnder modulator (DPMZM), an optical combiner, an optical splitter, and an optical filter, as shown in fig. 2, and an optical amplifier is provided in the loop in order to compensate for loss due to modulation.
The basic principle of the process of generating the optical frequency hopping signal by the lower branch is as follows:
the optical switch in this embodiment is formed by a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) whose output is E when the MZM is DC-biased onlyMZM＝cosφEinControlling the clock signal to make phi at 0 and
the two points are alternately changed, so that the switching function can be realized, and other existing optical switches can also be used. After opening the optical switch, the frequency is fcInto the loop (the input light is
) The light can be subjected to carrier-suppressed single sideband (CS-SSB) modulation by controlling the direct current bias of the DPMZM and the phases of the loaded two radio frequency signals. The radio frequency signals loaded by the two radio frequency ports of the DPMZM have the same frequency, the phase difference is 90 degrees, if the cosine signal is loaded on the upper path and the sine signal is loaded on the lower path, the frequency difference is largerThe output of the upper circuit is:
the upper DC bias voltage is adjusted so that
According to the small signal approximation, the following is obtained:
and similarly, obtaining the output signal of the next path:
then, the third DC offset is adjusted to make the upper and lower paths respectively phase-shift
And
the output of the entire DPMZM is:
thus, CS-SSB is achieved. This is the basic principle of the optical frequency shift scheme based on the dual parallel mach-zehnder modulator described above.
In satisfying
In this case, let τ be the time for which the light makes one turn in the loop, and τ be the on time of the optical switch in order to prevent the front portion of the light from interfering with the tail portion of the light. Then after n tau time the light field
From the aboveThe formula shows that an optical frequency hopping signal is obtained, the frequency hopping frequency is
To ensure that the power of the signal generated is constant, the loop includes an optical amplifier (e.g., an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) or a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA)) that compensates for optical loss per revolution. Setting the stop band interval of the optical filter to fc+ (N +1) Δ f, + ∞), then the maximum frequency that can be passed is fcAnd + N · Δ f, the time of the loop is T ═ N τ. After the time T, there is no signal in the optical path, so the optical switch is turned on, and the original optical signal enters the loop again, so that it can be seen that the switching period of the optical switch is T. Combining the obtained optical frequency hopping signal with the reference optical signal, Etot＝Ein+EloopAnd then the PD beat frequency is sent:
the photodetector outputs only an alternating current component. It can be seen that the method generates a frequency hopping signal with frequency Δ f, 2 Δ f, …, N · Δ f in sequence within one cycle, as shown in fig. 3. Because the frequency of the upper branch reference light can be tuned by the optical frequency shift module, the center frequency of the obtained radio frequency hopping signal is also tunable.
If we change the duration of the optical switch being on, when the duration is shortened, then the light cannot fill the whole loop in time τ, so the resulting waveform is shown in fig. 4 (a); when the duration is extended, aliasing occurs in the front and rear of the light, so the resulting waveform is shown in fig. 4 (b). If we change the on-off period of the optical switch, when the period becomes longer, the optical signal of the previous period and the optical signal of the next period cannot be spliced together, as shown in fig. 5 (a); when the period becomes short, the optical signal of the previous period and the optical signal of the next period are subjected to aliasing, as shown in fig. 5 (b). On the basis, the duration of the opening of the optical switch, the switching period of the optical switch and the time of the light for one turn around the cyclic frequency shift module are controlled, and a frequency hopping signal with higher frequency hopping speed can be obtained.
The on time of the optical switch is changed, and is set to be tau, and the time of the light winding one circle in the loop is TLThe on-off period of the optical switch is T, and the three satisfy the following relation:
in this case, the duration of the signal at a certain frequency can be reduced to 1/N of the above method, and the frequency hopping speed is faster.
When T isLWhen it is (N-1) τ, T is includedL< T, so in the time interval (T)L,TL+ τ) the first light pulse to complete the frequency shift occurs, at TLAt the moment of + tau (namely T moment), the second optical pulse enters the cyclic frequency shift module, then the first and second optical pulses are subjected to frequency shift again, after the second optical pulse is subjected to frequency shift, the third optical pulse enters the cyclic frequency shift module, and so on, the bandwidth range of the filter is set, and the frequency is greater than fcThe light of + N.DELTA.f can not pass through, and an optical frequency hopping signal with a reduced frequency can be generated, and the whole process is as shown in FIG. 6, and then combined with the light on the way and sent to PD beat frequency, and a radio frequency hopping signal with a reduced frequency can be generated. When T isLWhen the frequency is equal to (N +1) τ, the process is similar to the above case, and a radio frequency hopping signal with increased frequency can be generated as shown in fig. 7.
Claims (10)
1. A radio frequency hopping signal generation method based on cyclic frequency shift is characterized in that the frequency is fcThe optical signal is divided into two paths; performing frequency shift on the first path of optical signal to obtain a reference optical signal; converting the second path of optical signal into a periodic optical pulse signal through an optical switch, inputting the optical pulse signal into a cyclic frequency shift module, and enabling the following conditions to be met:
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cyclic frequency shift module comprises:
an optical combiner for combining the optical pulse signal with an optical signal from the optical splitter;
the double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is driven by radio-frequency signals with the same other parameters but with the phase difference of pi/2, and is used for carrying out frequency shift on the input optical signals, wherein the frequency shift is the frequency of the radio-frequency signals, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator;
the optical splitter is used for splitting output signals of the double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator into two paths, one path is used as the output of the circulating frequency shift module, and the other path is sent to the optical combiner;
an optical filter connected in series between the optical combiner and the optical splitter or connected at the output end of the cyclic frequency shift module and having a frequency fc+Δf～fcThe + N × Δ f optical signal is bandpass for frequency fcOptical signals of frequencies of + (N +1) × Δ f and above are bandstops.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cyclic frequency shift module further comprises an optical amplifier connected in series between the optical combiner and the optical splitter.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a first optical signal is shifted by using a dual parallel mach-zehnder modulator, the dual parallel mach-zehnder modulator is driven by a radio-frequency signal with the same remaining parameters but with a pi/2 phase difference, the frequency shift is the frequency of the radio-frequency signal, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the dual parallel mach-zehnder modulator.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical switch is a mach-zehnder modulator, and the switching state of the optical switch is controlled by a bias state of the mach-zehnder modulator.
6. A radio frequency hopping signal generating apparatus based on cyclic frequency shift, comprising:
light source for generating frequency fcThe optical signal of (a);
the first optical coupler is used for dividing the optical signal output by the light source into two paths;
the optical frequency shift module is used for carrying out frequency shift on a first path of optical signals output by the light source to obtain reference optical signals;
the optical switch is used for converting the second path of optical signals output by the light source into periodic optical pulse signals;
a cyclic frequency shift module for performing cyclic frequency shift on the optical pulse signal to output an optical frequency hopping signal, and the following conditions are satisfied:
or
Wherein T and tau are the period and the pulse width of the optical pulse signal respectively, TLThe time required for light to travel for one circle in a loop of the cyclic frequency shift module is N, wherein N is an integer greater than 1;
the second optical coupler is used for combining the reference optical signal and the optical frequency hopping signal into one path;
and the photoelectric detector is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the output optical signal of the second optical coupler and then outputting a radio frequency hopping signal.
7. The apparatus for generating a radio frequency hopping signal according to claim 6, wherein the cyclic frequency shift module comprises:
an optical combiner for combining the optical pulse signal with an optical signal from the optical splitter;
the double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator is driven by radio-frequency signals with the same other parameters but with the phase difference of pi/2, and is used for carrying out frequency shift on the input optical signals, wherein the frequency shift is the frequency of the radio-frequency signals, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator;
the optical splitter is used for splitting output signals of the double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator into two paths, one path is used as the output of the circulating frequency shift module, and the other path is sent to the optical combiner;
an optical filter connected in series between the optical combiner and the optical splitter or connected at the output end of the cyclic frequency shift module and having a frequency fc+Δf～fcThe + N × Δ f optical signal is bandpass for frequency fcOptical signals of frequencies of + (N +1) × Δ f and above are bandstops.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the cyclic frequency shift module further comprises an optical amplifier connected in series between the optical combiner and the optical splitter.
9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the optical frequency shift module is a dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator driven by the RF signal with the same remaining parameters but with a pi/2 phase difference, the frequency shift is the frequency of the RF signal, and the frequency shift direction is determined by the bias state of the dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the optical switch is a Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the switching state of the optical switch is controlled by a bias state of the Mach-Zehnder modulator.
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| CN108809437A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-13 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of microwave photon down conversion device and method based on bidirectional circulating shift frequency |
| CN109120347A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of more probability light load millimeter wave generating methods of the multifrequency of time-frequency dynamic change |
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