CN110212582B - Simulation method for wind power participation in frequency modulation and voltage regulation of power system - Google Patents
Simulation method for wind power participation in frequency modulation and voltage regulation of power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212582B CN110212582B CN201910544425.1A CN201910544425A CN110212582B CN 110212582 B CN110212582 B CN 110212582B CN 201910544425 A CN201910544425 A CN 201910544425A CN 110212582 B CN110212582 B CN 110212582B
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- H02J3/386—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/30—Wind power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
Abstract
The invention relates to a simulation method for wind power participation in frequency modulation and voltage regulation of a power system, which belongs to the technical field of wind power generation and comprises the following steps: building a power grid system model, wherein the power grid system model comprises a thermal generator set and a wind power generator set, and the thermal generator set and the wind power generator set are connected with loads through corresponding transformers and transmission lines; and a power regulation controller comprising a thermal generator set, a power regulation controller of a wind generator set; starting a power regulation controller of the thermal generator set, determining frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters of the wind generator set, and verifying the performance of the wind generator set under the conditions of starting or closing the power regulation controller of the wind generator set and adopting a fixed or variable duty ratio. According to the invention, the model of the power grid system is built in the simulation platform, the grid connection condition of the actual wind generating set is simulated, and the verification performance of the wind generating set is obtained in a simulation mode, so that certain verification reliability can be ensured, and no threat is generated to the actual power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to a simulation method for wind power participation in frequency modulation and voltage regulation of a power system.
Background
At present, new energy power generation equipment mainly comprising wind power is connected to a power system, so that certain influence can be generated on the stability of the power system, and power electronic equipment is commonly adopted for new energy power generation, so that the inertia and damping of a power grid become small, and after the impact and disturbance of the power grid, the requirement of stable recovery of the power grid can not be met only by means of the frequency modulation and voltage regulation functions of the traditional synchronous generator.
In order to verify the performance of a wind power plant, in particular the role that the frequency and voltage regulation function of a wind power plant plays in the power grid, tests need to be performed in the actual power grid or in a small network for experiments. However, in practice, there is a potential safety hazard in testing the power grid, which may cause instability of the power grid; the test effect in the small-sized network for experiments cannot be guaranteed, and the economy is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation method for wind power to participate in frequency modulation and voltage regulation of a power system, which is used for solving the problem that the safety of a power grid is affected when the performance of a wind generating set is tested in the power grid in practice in the prior art.
Based on the above purpose, the wind power participation power system frequency modulation and voltage regulation simulation method has the following technical scheme:
(1) Building a power grid system model, wherein the power grid system model comprises a thermal generator set and a wind power generator set, and the thermal generator set and the wind power generator set are connected with loads through corresponding transformers and transmission lines; and a power regulation controller comprising a thermal generator set, a power regulation controller of a wind generator set;
(2) Starting a power regulation controller of the thermal generator set, determining frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters of the wind generator set, and verifying the performance of the wind generator set under the condition of starting or closing the power regulation controller of the wind generator set and adopting a fixed or variable duty ratio; the duty ratio is the capacity duty ratio of the wind generating set in the power grid system.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
according to the invention, the performance of the wind generating set is not required to be tested in an actual power grid, but the grid connection condition of the actual wind generating set is simulated by building the model of the power grid system in the simulation platform, and the verification performance of the wind generating set is obtained in a simulation mode, so that certain verification reliability can be ensured, and no threat is generated to the actual power grid. In addition, the invention can obtain the verification result only in a simulation mode without using a small-sized network for experiments, and has good economy.
By the simulation method, whether the stability of the power grid is damaged due to the improvement of the wind power ratio can be determined, the supporting effect of the frequency modulation and voltage regulation function on the power grid is determined, whether the power system can be complemented with a traditional synchronous unit (namely a thermal generator set) is further determined, and the power regulation function of the power system is jointly realized.
Specifically, the verification of the performance of the wind turbine generator includes:
under the condition that a power regulation controller of the wind generating set is started or closed and a fixed duty ratio is adopted, the reliability of the frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters is determined;
and under the condition that a power regulation controller of the wind generating set is started and the changing duty ratio is adopted, determining the duty ratio limit of the limit wind generating set in the power grid system.
In the process of building a power grid system model, a model expression of the thermal generator set is adopted as follows:
wherein T is J For the inertia time constant of the synchronous motor, M T For mechanical torque, M e Is electromagnetic torque, delta is work angle, omega N Is the rated angular frequency.
In the process of building a power grid system model, a model mathematical expression of the wind generating set is adopted as follows:
wherein T is M Is mechanical torque, T e Is electromagnetic torque, J is rotor moment of inertia, Ω is rotor mechanical angular velocity, K is gearbox speed ratio, ρ is air density, A is wind wheel cross-sectional area, V is wind speed, C p Wind energy capturing efficiency, omega wind wheel rotation angular velocity.
In the simulation process, the power regulation controller of the wind generating set is used for executing instructions to realize the following active power regulation:
detecting the frequency of a grid-connected point of the unit in real time, and calculating the adjustment power by adopting a sagging control method by taking frequency deviation as a control target when the frequency of the grid-connected point exceeds a set dead zone through the following formula;
wherein ΔP is the regulated power, K f For active frequency modulation factor, f N For rated grid frequency, Δf is the frequency deviation between grid-connected point frequency and rated grid frequency, P N Rated power of the unit;
and superposing the regulating power on the basis of the original generating power of the wind generating set, and regulating the generating power output by the wind generating set as the target active power.
In the simulation process, the power regulation controller of the wind generating set is further used for executing instructions to realize the following reactive power regulation:
detecting the voltage of a grid-connected point of the unit in real time, and calculating reactive power regulation by adopting a sagging control method by taking the voltage deviation as a control target when the deviation of the voltage of the grid-connected point and the rated voltage is larger than a set dead zone through the following formula;
wherein DeltaQ is reactive power regulation quantity, K v Is reactive frequency modulation coefficient, U N Is rated voltage, deltaU is voltage deviation between grid-connected point voltage and rated voltage, P N Is rated power of the unit.
And superposing the reactive power adjustment quantity on the basis of the reactive power output by the wind generating set to serve as target reactive power to adjust the reactive power output of the wind generating set.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a frequency and voltage modulation simulation system of a wind power participation power system in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a Synchronous Machine model in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a DFIG Wind Turbine model in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the thermal power active frequency modulation control of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the reactive power and wind power voltage regulation control of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of active frequency modulation control of the wind turbine generator system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of comparison simulation results of whether wind power has a frequency modulation function under the disturbance of the power grid frequency.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings.
The embodiment provides a simulation method for wind power participation in frequency modulation and voltage regulation of a power system, which comprises the following steps:
according to the network structure of the power grid system shown in fig. 1, a model of the power grid system is built in a simulink simulation software of MATLAB, and the specific implementation comprises the following steps:
(1) A thermal generator set is built, a model structure of a synchronous generator, a steam turbine speed regulator and an excitation control system is selected, the model structure is shown in a figure 2, and the mathematical expression of the model is as follows:
wherein T is J For the inertia time constant of the synchronous motor, M T For mechanical torque, M e Is electromagnetic torque, delta is work angle, omega N Is the rated angular frequency.
Setting relevant configuration parameters of the thermal generator sets, selecting corresponding transformers to boost to 35kV, and considering coordination control effects among the sets in an actual power grid, at least two thermal generator sets are generally selected.
(2) Building a wind generating set, and selecting a model structure of a wind speed model, a wind wheel model, a shafting model and a doubly-fed wind power asynchronous generator, wherein the model structure is shown in figure 3, and the model mathematical expression is as follows:
wherein T is M Is mechanical torque, T e Is electromagnetic torque, J is rotor moment of inertia, Ω is rotor mechanical angular velocity, K is gearbox speed ratio, ρ is air density, A is wind wheel cross-sectional area, V is wind speed, C p Wind energy capturing efficiency, omega wind wheel rotation angular velocity.
Relevant control parameters of the wind generating set are configured, a suitable transformer is selected to boost to 35kV and is integrated into a power grid, and at least two wind generating sets are generally selected for simulating wind power cluster effects.
(3) The method comprises the steps of constructing a load for balancing a power grid, wherein the load comprises a balanced load and a nonlinear unbalanced local load, the selection of a load model is not particularly required, and the load model generally comprises at least three types of loads of inductive, capacitive and resistive.
(4) The thermal generator set and the wind power generator set are connected with corresponding loads for balancing the power grid through corresponding transformers and transmission lines; the length of the transmission line is set to be 30km by default, and the parameter configuration can be set according to the actual power grid architecture, so that the actual running environment requirement of the power grid is simulated.
The power regulation controller of the thermal generator set is used for executing instructions to realize regulation control of active power and reactive power. The specific control process of the active power is shown in fig. 4, and includes the following steps:
1) Detecting the rotating speed of the thermal generator set in real time;
2) When the rotating speed of the thermal generator exceeds a set dead zone (generally set to 2 rpm), the rotating speed deviation is taken as a control target, and the driving power of the thermal generator set is regulated by a PI regulating controller to obtain regulating power delta P;
3) At the original driving power P 0 On the basis of the above, the power delta P is superimposed and regulated as the target power of the driving equipment, thereby controllingAnd (5) producing output power of the thermal generator set.
The specific control process of the reactive power of the thermal generator set is shown in fig. 5, and comprises the following steps:
1) Detecting the grid-connected point voltage U of the unit in real time;
2) When the deviation DeltaU of the grid-connected point voltage U from the rated voltage is larger than the set dead zone U z (generally set to 3%U) N ) When the reactive power regulation is performed, the voltage deviation is taken as a control target, a sagging control method is adopted, and the reactive power regulation is calculated through the following formula;
wherein DeltaQ is reactive power regulation quantity, K v Is reactive frequency modulation coefficient, U N Is rated voltage, deltaU is voltage deviation between grid-connected point voltage and rated voltage, P N Rated power of the unit;
3) At reactive power Q 0 And (3) superposing reactive power adjustment quantity delta Q on the basis of the voltage as a target to adjust the reactive power output of the generator.
The power regulation controller of the wind generating set is used for executing instructions to realize regulation control of active power and reactive power. The specific control process of the reactive power is the same as that of the thermal generator set, and see fig. 5. The specific control process of the active power of the wind generating set is shown in fig. 6, and comprises the following steps:
1) Detecting grid-connected point frequency f of a wind generating set in real time;
2) When the frequency f of the grid-connected point exceeds the set dead zone f z (generally set to 0.03 Hz), the droop control method is adopted with the frequency deviation as a control target, and the regulated power is calculated by the following formula;
wherein ΔP is the regulated power, K f For active frequency modulationCoefficient f N For rated grid frequency, Δf is the frequency deviation between grid-connected point frequency and rated grid frequency, P N Rated power of the unit;
3) In the original power P of the wind generating set 0 And (3) superposing the regulated power delta P on the basis of the power delta P as a target active power to regulate the generated power output by the wind generating set.
Based on the power grid system model, firstly, on the basis of reserving spare capacity (15% -20%) according to standard requirements of thermal power, starting a thermal power frequency and voltage regulating function, closing a wind power frequency and voltage regulating function, namely starting a power regulating controller of a thermal power generating set, closing the power regulating controller of the wind power generating set, qualitatively verifying the stability influence of the wind power duty ratio on the power grid system by gradually increasing the capacity duty ratio (hereinafter referred to as wind power duty ratio) of the wind power generating set in the power grid system, and determining the upper limit value S of the wind power duty ratio H 。
Then, under the condition that a power regulation controller of the wind generating set is started and the wind power duty ratio is fixed, the reliability of the frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters of the wind generating set is determined, and the optimal frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters, a frequency modulation dead zone fz, a frequency modulation coefficient kf, a voltage modulation dead zone Uz and a voltage modulation coefficient kv can be obtained. In this case, by repeatedly starting/closing the wind power frequency and voltage regulation function, the supporting effect of the wind power frequency and voltage regulation function on the power system can be verified.
Setting optimal frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters into a power regulation controller of a wind generating set, and determining a limit S of the wind power duty ratio under the condition that the power regulation controller of the wind generating set is started and the duty ratio is gradually increased max And S is max >S H 。
According to the invention, by constructing a power grid system model and adopting a proper simulation method, the condition of grid connection of an actual wind generating set is simulated, and the limit of the wind power duty ratio can be determined by adjusting the wind power duty ratio, so that the influence of a wind power frequency modulation and voltage regulation function on the stability of a power system can be analyzed, data support is provided for large-scale grid connection of the wind generating set, and theoretical support is provided for popularization and application of the frequency modulation and voltage regulation function of the wind generating set.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. For example, the thermal power generating unit of the embodiment selects a turbine model, the model selected by the wind power generating unit is a doubly-fed wind power asynchronous generator, the models selected by the two models are universal models, and other models in the prior art can be adopted for replacement.
As another example, at limit S of determining wind power duty cycle max In this case, the optimal fm and vsb control parameters are adopted in the power control controller of the wind turbine generator, and in other embodiments, the fm and vsb control parameters may be set to determine the limit S of the wind power duty ratio max 。
Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A simulation method for wind power participation in frequency modulation and voltage regulation of a power system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Building a power grid system model, wherein the power grid system model comprises a thermal generator set and a wind power generator set, and the thermal generator set and the wind power generator set are connected with loads through corresponding transformers and transmission lines; and a power regulation controller comprising a thermal generator set, a power regulation controller of a wind generator set;
(2) Starting a power regulation controller of a thermal generator set, qualitatively verifying the influence of the wind power duty ratio on the stability of a power grid system under the condition that the power regulation controller of the wind power generator set is closed and the wind power duty ratio adopts a gradually-increased change duty ratio, and determining the upper limit value S of the wind power duty ratio H ；
(3) Under the condition that a power regulation controller of the wind generating set is started and the wind power duty ratio is fixed, determining the reliability of frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters of the wind generating set to obtain optimal frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters, wherein the optimal frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters comprise a frequency modulation dead zone fz, a frequency modulation coefficient kf, a voltage modulation dead zone Uz and a voltage modulation coefficient kv;
(4) Setting optimal frequency modulation and voltage regulation control parameters into a power regulation controller of a wind generating set, and determining a limit S of the wind power duty ratio under the condition that the power regulation controller of the wind generating set is started and the wind power duty ratio is gradually increased max And S is max >S H The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The wind power duty ratio is the capacity duty ratio of the wind generating set in the power grid system.
2. The simulation method for wind power participation in power system frequency modulation and voltage regulation according to claim 1, wherein the model expression of the thermal generator set is as follows:
wherein T is J For the inertia time constant of the synchronous motor, M T For mechanical torque, M e Is electromagnetic torque, delta is work angle, omega N Is the rated angular frequency.
3. The simulation method for wind power participation in power system frequency modulation and voltage regulation according to claim 1, wherein the model mathematical expression of the wind generating set is as follows:
wherein T is M Is mechanical torque, T e The electromagnetic torque is J, the rotor moment of inertia, omega is the mechanical angular velocity of the rotor, K is the speed ratio of the gearbox, rho is the air density, A is the cross-sectional area of the wind wheel, V is the wind speed, cp wind energy capturing efficiency and omega wind wheel rotation angular velocity.
4. The simulation method of wind power participation power system frequency modulation and voltage regulation according to claim 1, wherein the power regulation controller of the wind generating set is configured to execute instructions to implement the following active power regulation:
detecting the frequency of a grid-connected point of the unit in real time, and calculating the adjustment power by adopting a sagging control method by taking frequency deviation as a control target when the frequency of the grid-connected point exceeds a set dead zone through the following formula;
wherein ΔP is the regulated power, K f For active frequency modulation factor, f N For rated grid frequency, Δf is the frequency deviation between grid-connected point frequency and rated grid frequency, P N Rated power of the unit;
and superposing the regulating power on the basis of the original generating power of the wind generating set, and regulating the generating power output by the wind generating set as the target active power.
5. The simulation method of wind power participation power system frequency modulation and voltage regulation according to claim 1, wherein the power regulation controller of the wind generating set is configured to execute instructions to implement the following reactive power regulation:
detecting the voltage of a grid-connected point of the unit in real time, and calculating reactive power regulation by adopting a sagging control method by taking the voltage deviation as a control target when the deviation of the voltage of the grid-connected point and the rated voltage is larger than a set dead zone through the following formula;
wherein DeltaQ is reactive power regulation quantity, K v Is reactive frequency modulation coefficient, U N Is rated voltage, deltaU is the electricity between the voltage of the grid-connected point and the rated voltagePressure deviation, P N Is the rated power of the unit,
and superposing the reactive power adjustment quantity on the basis of the reactive power output by the wind generating set to serve as target reactive power to adjust the reactive power output of the wind generating set.
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