CN110211386A - A kind of highway vehicle type classification method based on non-parametric test - Google Patents
A kind of highway vehicle type classification method based on non-parametric test Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of highway vehicle type classification method based on non-parametric test, shares 3 stages, 8 steps.The parameter for collecting highway common vehicle types first proposes the standard of vehicle Preliminary division according to car and lorry, classification principle detailed as far as possible is distinguished；Secondly freeway traffic flow is observed, the indexs such as extraction rate, time headway, tailstock spacing carry out non-parametric test to the vehicle of Preliminary division between any two, analyze inspection result, exclude the index for being not suitable as vehicle classification index；Finally for the index that can be used as vehicle classification index, further analyzes that K-S is examined as a result, the vehicle for the condition that meets is merged, consider whether to need further to merge according to result, obtain final vehicle classification scheme.The present invention considers the difference of vehicle during the motion, and the vehicle type classification method of proposition can provide basis for the formulation of highway driveway partition scheme, improves the safety and efficiency of highway operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to highway Lane regulation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of high speed based on non-parametric test is public
Road vehicle type classification method.
Background technique
As socio-economic development and urbanization process are accelerated, China's Expressway Development is rapid in recent years, highway
Mileage open to traffic increases year by year, and many highways implement reorganization and expansion in succession.The vehicle type of running on expressway is complicated, various
Type of vehicle has differences in terms of size, power performance, carrying (matter).It is high in order to promote vehicle safety efficiently to travel
Fast highway often uses certain driveway partition strategy, limits different automobile types in the right-of-way in each lane, and vehicle classification is vehicle
The premise that road divides.
Highway in China department formulate " highway technical standard " (JTGB01-2014) by automobile be divided into minibus, in
Type vehicle, large car, 4 class of truck combination, give the conversion coefficient of different automobile types, are used for traffic analysis；Traffic police department is formulated
" motor vehicle type term and definition " (GA802-2014) that automobile is divided into passenger car, cargo vehicle, special Operation Van 3 is big
11 group of class is used for control of traffic and road.Different departments are different to the purposes of vehicle classification, therefore classification standard has differences,
The level of detail of classification is also inconsistent.China not yet formulates the vehicle classification standard for driveway partition at present, and part high speed is public
Lane is divided into Light-duty vehicle Lane, Large Vehicle Lane by road, and lane is divided into car road, truck route by part highway, it is seen that different high
Vehicle type classification method of the fast highway for driveway partition is different.
When for driveway partition, vehicle classification should mainly consider the difference of different automobile types power performance and driving behavior, point
Class standard should be easy-to-understand, grasps convenient for driver and manager, reduces the difficulty to vehicle identification and supervision, vehicle classification
Number is unsuitable excessive.Therefore it needs to study highway vehicle type classification method, formulates the vehicle classification standard for being used for driveway partition, mention
The safety and efficiency of high highway operation.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention discloses a kind of highway vehicle type classification method based on non-parametric test,
The non-parametric test of two groups of independent samples is used for vehicle classification research by this method, analyzes the operation characteristic of different type vehicle
Difference, the ratio for formulating classification indicators select principle, propose that the merging criterion of vehicle classification, classification results are more reasonable.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of highway vehicle type classification method based on non-parametric test, includes the following steps:
(1) vehicle Preliminary division
Step 1: collecting the parameter of highway common vehicle types, including size, body structure, rated passenger capacity, vehicle weight
Amount, nominal load capacity, max. speed etc.；
Step 2: according to car and lorry is distinguished, principle detailed as far as possible of classifying proposes the standard of vehicle Preliminary division.Visitor
Car owner will classify according to seating capacity, and lorry is mainly classified according to gross mass (the sum of light weight and payload ratings).
Vehicle Preliminary division standard is as shown in table 1:
1 vehicle Preliminary division table of table
Note: truck includes breast board formula, van-type, storehouse grating, self-tipping type etc.；Special-purpose vehicle includes tank truck, concrete mixer truck
Deng.
(2) vehicle classification index is than choosing
Step 3: freeway traffic flow being observed, a certain section is chosen, is extracted when vehicle passes through the section every
The parameters such as the vehicle (according to vehicle Preliminary division) of vehicle, size, speed, time headway, tailstock spacing.Duration is observed according to sight
Depending on the quantity of test sample sheet, guarantee that every kind of vehicle extracts enough sample sizes.
Tailstock spacing is defined as path space occupied by the vehicle in movement, i.e. car body itself the space occupied adds the vehicle
Space between headstock and the front truck tailstock, as shown in Figure 1.Vehicle always keeps certain vehicle with front vehicles during the motion
Away from this distance reflects the considerations of driver is to traffic safety, related with the speed of vehicle and decelerability.Tailstock spacing
Calculation method is as follows:
Dn=Sn-Ln+1+Ln
Sn=Vn·hn
In formula, DnIndicate the tailstock spacing of n-th vehicle, SnIndicate the space headway of n-th vehicle, LnIndicate the vehicle of n-th vehicle
Body length, Ln+1Indicate the length of wagon of (n+1)th vehicle (front vehicles), VnIndicate the speed of n-th vehicle, hnIndicate n-th vehicle
With the time headway of front truck.
Step 4: choosing 1 index (speed, time headway, tailstock spacing etc.) and be used as test variable, to Preliminary division
Vehicle carries out Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test (K-S inspection) between any two.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test is a kind of non-parametric test method, for having little understanding to overall distribution
In the case where, by analyzing two groups of independent samples, infer that the distribution from two totality whether there is significant difference
Method.The method that two groups of independent sample K-S are examined is: two groups of samples being mixed and are arranged by ascending order, two groups of sample orders are calculated separately
Cumulative frequencies and cumulative frequency, then the difference of two groups of cumulative frequencies is calculated, obtain the sequence of differences and D statistic of order, counting statistics
P value and level of significance α (taking 0.05) are compared by the Probability p value of amount, and judgement receives null hypothesis and still refuses null hypothesis.
Due to null hypothesis be two groups of independent samples from two overall distributions without significant difference, when p value is less than significance
When refuse null hypothesis, that is, think that there are significant differences for two kinds of vehicles.
Step 5: inspection result being analyzed, if there is following situations, then it is assumed that the index is not suitable as vehicle
Classification indicators:
1. the difference of certain vehicle and other all vehicles is not significant；
2. there are significant differences with adjacent vehicle for certain vehicle in the scope of car or lorry, and with non-conterminous vehicle
Type difference is not significant, and (adjacent vehicle refers to the vehicle that position is adjacent in vehicle Preliminary division, such as station wagon and middle bus
It is adjacent vehicle, medium truck and heavy goods vehicle are adjacent vehicles, but extra bus and minitruck are not adjacent vehicles).
Step 6: replace other indexs (speed, time headway, tailstock spacing etc.) as test variable, repeat step 4 with
Step 5, the index for being not suitable as vehicle classification index is excluded.
(3) vehicle is further classified
Step 7: the index for can be used as vehicle classification index is further analyzed the K-S of vehicle between any two and is examined
As a result.Analysis method are as follows: if two kinds of vehicles are identical with the difference condition of other all vehicles, then it is assumed that both vehicles
It can be merged into one kind.
Step 8: on the basis of classification results, if it is desired to further merge type of vehicle (for example need to reduce class
It is not several), it tries the sample of part vehicle is merged into a kind of new vehicle, K-S is carried out between any two to different automobile types again
It examines.According to the method analytical control of step 7 as a result, obtaining final vehicle classification scheme.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Mainly according to the size of vehicle, wheelbase, passenger capacity or mounted mass, these refer to existing highway vehicle type classification method
The static nature of the more concern vehicles of mark considers the operation characteristic of vehicle insufficient.Difference department, China proposes vehicle classification
Standard, but due to purposes difference, classification method is different with degree is classifyed in detail.Meanwhile China is not yet formulated for driveway partition
Vehicle classification standard, the vehicle classification standard of different highways has differences.The invention proposes be based on non-parametric test
Highway vehicle type classification method, choose car speed, time headway, the reflection vehicle operation characteristic such as tailstock spacing finger
Mark analyzes every kind of vehicle and the difference of other vehicles during the motion, vehicle classification result is allow to instruct highway vehicle
The practice that road divides.The present invention can provide vehicle classification basis for the formulation of highway driveway partition scheme, with separating trolley
The vehicle that performance and operation characteristic differ greatly improves the safety and efficiency of highway operation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is vehicle classification flow chart of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is tailstock spacing schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that following specific embodiments are only
For illustrating the present invention rather than limiting the scope of the invention.
To carry out Lane regulation, to the country, certain eight lane highway vehicle is classified.
(1) vehicle Preliminary division
Step 1: collecting the parameter of highway common vehicle types, including size, body structure, rated passenger capacity, vehicle weight
Amount, nominal load capacity, max. speed etc..Part vehicle is as shown in table 2:
2 highway common vehicle types parameter of table
Step 2: according to car and lorry is distinguished, principle detailed as far as possible of classifying proposes the standard of vehicle Preliminary division.Visitor
Car owner will classify according to seating capacity, and lorry is mainly classified according to gross mass (the sum of light weight and payload ratings).
Vehicle Preliminary division standard is as shown in table 1.
(2) vehicle classification index is than choosing
Step 3: freeway traffic flow being observed, a certain section is chosen, is extracted when vehicle passes through the section every
The parameters such as the vehicle (according to vehicle Preliminary division) of vehicle, size, speed, time headway, tailstock spacing.Duration is observed according to sight
Depending on the quantity of test sample sheet, guarantee that every kind of vehicle extracts enough sample sizes.
The highway section is observed, duration 50 minutes is observed, obtains 3896 samples, wherein station wagon
3428, middle bus 38, motorbus 14, extra bus 91, minitruck 68, pickup truck 48, in
59, type lorry, heavy goods vehicle 149.
Step 4: choosing 1 index (speed, time headway, tailstock spacing etc.) and be used as test variable, to Preliminary division
Vehicle carries out Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test (K-S inspection) between any two.
Step 5: inspection result being analyzed, if there is following situations, then it is assumed that the index is not suitable as vehicle
Classification indicators:
1. the difference of certain vehicle and other all vehicles is not significant；
2. there are significant differences with adjacent vehicle for certain vehicle in the scope of car or lorry, and with non-conterminous vehicle
Type difference is not significant, and (adjacent vehicle refers to the vehicle that position is adjacent in vehicle Preliminary division, such as station wagon and middle bus
It is adjacent vehicle, medium truck and heavy goods vehicle are adjacent vehicles, but extra bus and minitruck are not adjacent vehicles).
Step 6: replacing other indexs as test variable, repeat step 4 and step 5, exclusion is not suitable as vehicle point
The index of class index.
Using speed as test variable, the results are shown in Table 3.It, will in order to keep the comparison between different automobile types more intuitive
Inspection result summarizes in table 4, it is clear that the table is diagonally symmetrical, and every kind of vehicle and itself difference is not significant.It can by table 4
Know, the difference of middle bus, motorbus and all vehicles is not significant, therefore, it is considered that speed is not suitable as in this example
Vehicle classification index.The reason of causing this phenomenon may be when traffic current density is larger vehicle driving it is limited, different automobile types it
Between speed difference it is unobvious, it is also possible to it is less related with middle bus, motorbus sample size.
Speed non-parametric test result table under 3 Preliminary division of table
Speed non-parametric test vehicle contrast table under 4 Preliminary division of table
It is as shown in table 5 as the comparison of the inspection result of test variable using time headway.As seen from table, station wagon with it is medium-sized
Car is adjacent but to have significant difference, and station wagon and the non-conterminous but difference of motorbus is not significant, therefore, it is considered that in this reality
Time headway is not suitable as vehicle classification index under the data qualification of example.The reason of causing this phenomenon may be motorbus
Sample size is less.
Time headway non-parametric test vehicle contrast table under 5 Preliminary division of table
It is as shown in table 6 as the comparison of the inspection result of test variable using tailstock spacing.As seen from table, there is no refuse this to refer to
The case where being denoted as vehicle classification index, therefore tailstock spacing can be used as the index of vehicle classification.
Tailstock spacing non-parametric test vehicle contrast table under 6 Preliminary division of table
(3) vehicle is further classified
Step 7: the index for can be used as vehicle classification index is further analyzed the K-S of vehicle between any two and is examined
As a result.Analysis method are as follows: if two kinds of vehicles are identical with the difference condition of other all vehicles, then it is assumed that both vehicles
It can be merged into one kind.
As shown in Table 6, there is no certain two kinds of vehicle is identical with the tailstock spacing difference condition of other vehicles, speech is changed
It, every kind of vehicle is different from.From the point of view of inspection result, certain two kinds of vehicle can not be merged.
Step 8: on the basis of classification results, if it is desired to further merge type of vehicle (for example need to reduce class
It is not several), it tries the sample of part vehicle is merged into a kind of new vehicle, K-S is carried out between any two to different automobile types again
It examines.According to the method analytical control of step 7 as a result, obtaining final vehicle classification scheme.
For eight lane highways in Lane regulation, car model classification should be easy-to-understand, slaps convenient for driver and manager
It holds, reduces the difficulty to vehicle identification and supervision, vehicle classification number should not be excessive, it is therefore desirable to merge to part vehicle.
As shown in Table 6, the difference of part vehicle and other vehicles is there are similitude, for example, minitruck and pickup truck only with spy
It is different in the difference of motorbus.Other cars in addition to station wagon are divided into one kind, it will be in addition to heavy goods vehicle
Other lorries be divided into one kind, i.e., 8 class vehicles are merged into 4 classes: the first kind: station wagon, totally 3428；Second class, it is medium-sized
Car, motorbus, extra bus, totally 143；Third class, minitruck, pickup truck, medium truck, totally 175；The
Four classes, heavy goods vehicle, totally 149.
K-S inspection is carried out two-by-two to the vehicle after merging, inspection result comparison is as shown in table 7.As seen from table, in, it is big, special
Motorbus is identical with micro-, light, medium truck and the tailstock spacing difference condition of other vehicles.From the point of view of inspection result,
Vehicle can be divided into 3 classes --- station wagon；In, big, extra bus and micro-, light, medium truck；Heavy goods vehicle.
Tailstock spacing non-parametric test vehicle contrast table after the merging of 7 vehicle of table
Due to car and lorry size, weight, power performance, in terms of have differences, China is most absolutely
The lane function division method that is divided into different directions of number Expressway Implementing passenger-cargo carriages, thus misalign, greatly, extra bus and it is micro-,
Gently, medium truck merges, and vehicle is finally divided into minibus, big microbus, middle buggy, 4 class of truck.Classification standard
It is as shown in table 8:
8 vehicle final classification table of table
Claims (3)
1. a kind of highway vehicle type classification method based on non-parametric test, characterized by the following steps:
(1) vehicle Preliminary division
Step 1: collecting the parameter of highway common vehicle types, including size, body structure, rated passenger capacity, complete vehicle weight, volume
Determine loading capacity, max. speed；
Step 2: according to car and lorry is distinguished, principle detailed as far as possible of classifying proposes the standard of vehicle Preliminary division.Car master
To be classified according to seating capacity, lorry is mainly classified according to gross mass；
(2) vehicle classification index is than choosing
Step 3: freeway traffic flow being observed, a certain section is chosen, in vehicle by extracting each car when the section
Vehicle, size, speed, time headway, tailstock spacing these parameters；Depending on duration is observed according to the quantity of observation sample, protect
It demonstrate,proves every kind of vehicle and extracts enough sample sizes；
Tailstock spacing is defined as path space occupied by the vehicle in movement, i.e. car body itself the space occupied adds the vehicle headstock
With the space between the front truck tailstock, vehicle always keeps certain spacing with front vehicles during the motion, this distance is anti-
The considerations of driver is to traffic safety has been reflected, it is related with the speed of vehicle and decelerability；The calculation method of tailstock spacing is as follows:
Dn=Sn-Ln+1+Ln
Sn=Vn·hn
In formula, DnIndicate the tailstock spacing of n-th vehicle, SnIndicate the space headway of n-th vehicle, LnIndicate the vehicle body length of n-th vehicle
Degree, Ln+1Indicate the length of wagon of (n+1)th vehicle, that is, the length of wagon of front vehicles, VnIndicate the speed of n-th vehicle, hn
Indicate the time headway of n-th vehicle and front truck；
Step 4: choosing 1 index as test variable, K-S inspection is carried out between any two to the vehicle of Preliminary division；
Step 5: inspection result being analyzed, if there is following situations, then it is assumed that the index is not suitable as vehicle classification
Index:
1. the difference of certain vehicle and other all vehicles is not significant；
2. there are significant differences with adjacent vehicle for certain vehicle, and poor with non-conterminous vehicle in the scope of car or lorry
It is different not significant；
Step 6: replacing other indexs as test variable, repeat step 4 and step 5, exclusion is not suitable as vehicle classification and refers to
Target index；
(3) vehicle is further classified
Step 7: the index for can be used as vehicle classification index further analyzes the K-S inspection result of vehicle between any two；
Analysis method are as follows: if two kinds of vehicles are identical with the difference condition of other all vehicles, then it is assumed that both vehicles can be with
Merge into one kind；
Step 8: on the basis of classification results, if it is desired to further merge type of vehicle, then by the sample of part vehicle
A kind of new vehicle is merged into, K-S inspection is carried out between any two to different automobile types again；According to the method analytical control of step 7
As a result, obtaining final vehicle classification scheme.
2. a kind of highway vehicle type classification method based on non-parametric test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Gross mass described in step 2 is the sum of light weight and payload ratings.
3. a kind of highway vehicle type classification method based on non-parametric test according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The inspection of K-S described in step 4 is a kind of non-parametric test method, for passing through in the case where having little understanding to overall distribution
Two groups of independent samples are analyzed, infer that the distribution from two totality whether there is significant difference；Two groups of independent samples
The method that K-S is examined is: two groups of samples being mixed and are arranged by ascending order, the cumulative frequencies and accumulative frequency of two groups of sample orders are calculated separately
Rate, then the difference of two groups of cumulative frequencies is calculated, obtain the sequence of differences and D statistic of order, the Probability p value of Counting statistics amount, by p value
It is compared with level of significance α, judgement receives null hypothesis and still refuses null hypothesis；Since null hypothesis is that two groups of independent samples come
From two overall distributions refuse null hypothesis without significant difference, therefore when p value is less than significance, that is, think two kinds of vehicles
There are significant differences.
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