CN110209209A - Optimize the method and apparatus and machine readable storage medium of solar energy heliostat field - Google Patents
Optimize the method and apparatus and machine readable storage medium of solar energy heliostat field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus and machine readable storage medium for optimizing solar energy heliostat field, belongs to thermal control process and field of measuring technique.This method comprises: receiving sun running position parameter, wherein sun running position parameter includes longitude, latitude, height above sea level and the air index at the beginning of the sun is run with end time, the heliostat field position；Receive the arrangement parameter of the heliostat field, wherein the arrangement parameter includes collection thermal tower parameter, heat collector parameter and heliostat parameter；According to sun running position parameter, sun running position is determined；Based on the arrangement parameter and identified sun running position, the optical efficiency of the heliostat field is determined；And optical efficiency based on the determination, the arrangement parameter is adjusted, so that the optical efficiency is maximum.It is thereby achieved that according to the data of real-time reception simulating heliostat field in real time, and optimize the arrangement of heliostat field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal control and measurement, in particular to a method and a device for optimizing a solar heliostat field and a machine-readable storage medium.
Background
The current dynamic simulation and optimization of the tower type solar heliostat field comprises the arrangement and optimization of the heliostat field. In the aspect of the arrangement and optimization of the heliostat field, many scholars at home and abroad have entered deep research on heliostat field models of tower-type solar power stations, and the methods thereof can be roughly classified into 2 types. The methods for modeling heliostat fields in category 1 are based primarily on energy-balancing methods. Such as solar thermal power modules (STECs), Solar Advisor Models (SAMs), etc., in the trssys software. In these software, the heliostat field model of a tower plant is expressed as the product between solar radiation, the specular field collection area, and the total specular field efficiency. Although the mirror field model can output module conversion efficiency, obtained energy and the like in system simulation, the energy flow distribution characteristics of the model on the inner surface of the cavity of the heat absorber cannot be obtained; category 2 primarily concerns some heliostat field optimization software, such as: DELSOL3, Win DELSOL1.0, SOLTERTACE, MUEEN, SENSOL, and HFLD, among others. In this type of approach, these software is primarily used to perform optimization of the heliostat field placement. With these software, although the energy flux density distribution information of the heat sink surface can also be obtained, it is difficult to satisfy the requirements of real-time dynamic simulation from the viewpoint of system simulation.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus and a machine readable storage medium for optimizing a solar heliostat field that solves, or at least partially solves, the above mentioned problems.
To achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for optimizing a solar heliostat field, the method comprising: receiving sun operation position parameters, wherein the sun operation position parameters comprise the start time and the end time of the sun operation, the longitude, the latitude, the altitude and the atmospheric refractive index of the position of the heliostat field; receiving arrangement parameters of the heliostat field, wherein the arrangement parameters comprise heat collection tower parameters, heat collector parameters and heliostat parameters; determining the running position of the sun according to the running position parameter of the sun; determining an optical efficiency of the heliostat field based on the placement parameters and the determined operating position of the sun; and adjusting the arrangement parameters based on the determined optical efficiency to maximize the optical efficiency.
Optionally, the determining the sun operating position according to the sun operating position parameter is performed by an SPA algorithm.
Optionally, the SPA algorithm is invoked in mex.
Optionally, said adjusting said arrangement parameters based on said determined optical efficiency is by any one of: particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm.
Optionally, the method further comprises: setting a control mode of the heliostat; and controlling the operation of the heliostats in the heliostat field according to the set control mode in the solar operation time.
Accordingly, another aspect of the present invention also provides an apparatus for optimizing a solar heliostat field, the apparatus comprising: a receiving module to: receiving sun operation position parameters, wherein the sun operation position parameters comprise the start time and the end time of the sun operation, the longitude, the latitude, the altitude and the atmospheric refractive index of the position of the heliostat field; and receiving arrangement parameters of the heliostat field, wherein the arrangement parameters comprise heat collection tower parameters, heat collector parameters and heliostat parameters; and a processing module for: determining the running position of the sun according to the running position parameter of the sun; determining an optical efficiency of the heliostat field based on the placement parameters and the determined operating position of the sun; and adjusting the arrangement parameters based on the determined optical efficiency to maximize the optical efficiency.
Optionally, the processing module determines the sun operating position according to the sun operating position parameter by an SPA algorithm.
Optionally, the SPA algorithm is invoked in mex.
Optionally, the processing module adjusting the arrangement parameters based on the determined optical efficiency is by any one of: particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: a control module to: setting a control mode of the heliostat; and controlling the operation of the heliostats in the heliostat field according to the set control mode in the solar operation time.
In addition, another aspect of the present invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a machine to execute the above-mentioned method.
By the technical scheme, the solar operation position parameters and the arrangement parameters of the heliostat field are received at any time, the solar operation position and the optical efficiency of the heliostat field are determined at any time, and the heliostat field is dynamically simulated in real time; and adjusting the arrangement parameters according to the determined optical efficiency to maximize the optical efficiency and optimize the arrangement of the heliostat fields, so that the real-time simulation of the heliostat fields according to the data received in real time is realized and the arrangement of the heliostat fields is optimized.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing a solar heliostat field provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of parameter settings provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heliostat field simulation provided by another embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus for optimizing a solar heliostat field according to another embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1 receiving module 2 processing module
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
One aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for optimizing a solar heliostat field. Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing a solar heliostat field provided by an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following.
In step S10, solar operating position parameters are received, wherein the solar operating position parameters include a start time and an end time of the solar operation, a longitude, a latitude, an altitude, and an atmospheric refractive index of a location where the heliostat field is located. Wherein, the setting of the sun operating position parameter can be seen in fig. 2. In addition, the solar operating position parameters may further include a calculation cycle, which refers to a cycle of calculating the spin angle and the elevation angle.
In step S11, arrangement parameters of the heliostat field are received, wherein the arrangement parameters include a collector tower parameter, a collector parameter, and a heliostat parameter. The setting of the heliostat field layout parameters can be seen in fig. 2. The parameters of the heat collection tower comprise the height of the heat collection tower, the diameter of the bottom and the diameter of the top (the upper part shown in figure 2), the parameters of the heat collector comprise the height of the heat collector and the diameter of a cylinder of the heat collector, and the parameters of the heliostat comprise the height of the heliostat, the length of the heliostat, the height of a frame of the heliostat, the distance between the heliostats, the distance between the layers, the arrangement mode of each layer and the like. The heat collector tower is a device for placing a heat collector on the top of the heat collector, and the heat collector is used for absorbing the heat of light.
In step S12, the sun operating position is determined based on the sun operating position parameter. And determining the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the sun visual position according to the sun operation position parameters so as to determine the sun operation position. For example, the SPA algorithm may be employed to determine the sun's operating position. The algorithm has high precision and the longest effective age, and the maximum error of the algorithm is less than 0.0003 degree from 2000 before the metric to 6000 years before the metric. In addition, the SPA algorithm can be written by adopting C language, and the SPA algorithm can be called by adopting a mex mode of Matlab. The operation speed of the algorithm can be improved by calling the SPA algorithm in a mex mode.
In step S13, an optical efficiency of the heliostat field is determined based on the placement parameters and the determined operating position of the sun. The calculation of optical efficiency mainly includes atmospheric transmittance, cosine efficiency, shadow and occlusion efficiency, and overflow efficiency. And determining the atmospheric transmittance, the cosine efficiency, the shadow, the shielding efficiency and the overflow efficiency according to the arrangement parameters and the sun running position, and further determining the optical efficiency according to the atmospheric transmittance, the cosine efficiency, the shadow, the shielding efficiency and the overflow efficiency. Wherein, the optical efficiency is determined according to the atmospheric transmittance, the cosine efficiency, the shadow and shading efficiency and the overflow efficiency, and the four can be multiplied.
In step S14, based on the determined optical efficiency, the arrangement parameters are adjusted so that the optical efficiency is maximized. For example, the heliostat field can be optimized by calculating the optical efficiency, and hence the annual average optical efficiency, by adjusting the layout parameters so that the annual average optical efficiency is maximized. Optionally, optimization algorithms such as a particle swarm algorithm or an ant colony algorithm are adopted to optimize the arrangement parameters, so that the arrangement parameters with the maximum annual average efficiency are obtained, and the optimal arrangement result of the heliostat field is obtained, so that the arrangement of the heliostat field is optimized.
Receiving the solar operation position parameters and the arrangement parameters of the heliostat field at any time, and determining the solar operation position and the optical efficiency of the heliostat field at any time so as to dynamically simulate the heliostat field in real time; and adjusting the arrangement parameters according to the determined optical efficiency to maximize the optical efficiency and optimize the arrangement of the heliostat fields, so that the real-time simulation of the heliostat fields according to the data received in real time is realized and the arrangement of the heliostat fields is optimized.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, a control manner of the heliostat may be further set, and during the solar operation time, the operation of the heliostat in the heliostat field is controlled according to the set control manner. The control mode of the heliostat can be an elevation angle + azimuth angle control mode or an elevation angle + spin angle control mode.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the export and storage of the operation data may also be implemented by a data export function.
How to achieve optimized heliostat fields is described in detail below by way of example.
(1) And setting parameters of the solar operation position module, which mainly comprise the start time of the solar operation, the end time of the solar operation, the longitude, the latitude, the altitude, the atmospheric refractive index and the calculation period of the heliostat field, as shown in fig. 2. And calculating the running position of the sun according to the set parameters.
The algorithm of the sun running position is deeply researched and divided into a simple model and a complex model. Although the simple model is simple in calculation and high in efficiency, the precision is low, the simple model can be used for demonstrating the running position of the sun, and the error is large as the basis of the arrangement of a mirror field. Although the complex model is more complex in calculation and lower in efficiency, the complex model is higher in precision, and data of the complex model can be used as a basis for mirror field arrangement. Although the operation data of the position of the sun can be actually measured by a precision instrument by adopting an astronomical research institution, the general position of the tower type photo-thermal base is far, and the local multi-year continuous solar altitude angle and azimuth angle data are difficult to exist. Therefore, in the present application, a spa (solar Position algorithm) algorithm in a complex model is adopted as an operational model of the sun operation Position. The algorithm has high precision and the longest effective age, and the maximum error of the algorithm is less than 0.0003 degree from 2000 before the metric to 6000 years before the metric. In addition, in order to improve the running speed of the algorithm, the C language of the SPA algorithm can be called by adopting a mex mode of Matlab.
In the application, on one hand, the operation speed of the SPA algorithm is accelerated, and on the other hand, the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun at any time and any place on the earth surface can be accurately obtained by setting parameters (such as latitude, longitude, altitude and the like) of the SPA algorithm, so that the accuracy of mirror field simulation is ensured.
(2) And setting parameters of the mirror field module arrangement and optimization module, including design of a heat collection tower, design of a heat collector, arrangement and setting of heliostats, and selection of an optimization method (wherein the optimization method can comprise a particle swarm algorithm, an ant colony algorithm and the like).
The mirror field module arrangement comprises a heat collection tower design, a heat collector design and a heliostat arrangement. The design of the heat collecting tower comprises the diameter of the bottom of the heat collecting tower, the diameter of the top of the heat collecting tower and the height of the heat collecting tower. The collector design mainly includes collector cylinder diameter and collector height. The heliostat arrangement mainly comprises heliostat height, heliostat length, heliostat frame height, mirror spacing, interlayer spacing and arrangement modes of each layer. In particular, reference may be made to fig. 2.
(3) And setting a control mode of the heliostat. The control modes of the heliostat comprise an elevation angle + azimuth angle control mode and an elevation angle + spin angle control mode. The operation of the heliostat in different control modes is realized by switching the control modes of the heliostat.
The sun position is determined by the general sun altitude angle and azimuth angle in an elevation angle and azimuth angle control mode, the heliostat can rotate in a two-dimensional control mode, the orientation of the heliostat is changed, the sun position is tracked in real time, the heliostat is divided into two modes of rotating around a vertical shaft and a horizontal shaft according to the difference of the rotation mode around a fixed shaft, namely an azimuth angle-elevation angle tracking mode, and the heliostat adopts a rotating base or a rotating mechanism on the upper part of the base to adjust the azimuth change of the heliostat and simultaneously adjusts the elevation angle of a mirror surface during the operation of the heliostat.
The control mode of 'elevation angle + spin angle', the spin-elevation angle tracking mode (internationally referred to as 'old curved surface' and 'old tracking method'), is a mathematical control mode which uses the motion of rows and columns to replace the two-dimensional motion of points, thus the control of the optical matrix mirror surface formed by the sub-mirrors can be reduced from geometric series to algebraic series, and the orientation of the heliostat can be changed by adopting the mode of mirror surface spin and mirror surface elevation angle adjustment.
(4) And initializing according to the design to obtain a preliminary layout of the heliostat field. The layout of the heliostat field can be seen in fig. 3.
(5) The optical efficiency of the heliostat field is calculated and can be displayed in real time, as shown in fig. 3. Wherein the calculation of the optical efficiency is based on the mirror field module arrangement and the sun operating position.
Heliostat efficiency calculations include primarily atmospheric transmittance ηatCosine efficiency ηcosinShadow and occlusion efficiency ηS&BAnd spill over effectRate ηintWherein the optical efficiency of the mirror field is η field＝ηat×ηcosin×ηS&B×ηint。
Atmospheric transmittance ηat，Wherein S is0The distance between the position of the mirror field and the heat collecting tower.
Cosine efficiency ηcosinFor the phenomenon that the radiation actually received by the heliostat is less than the theoretical maximum radiation due to the tilting of the heliostat, ηcosinCos θ. Wherein θ is an acute angle between a plane where the heliostat is located and a plane perpendicular to the incident light of the sun. Wherein the acute angle may be determined by: determining the attitude of the heliostat (the elevation angle + the azimuth angle or the elevation angle + the spin angle) according to the arrangement parameters of the heliostat, the position of the sun and the heat collecting tower, further determining the sunlight incident angle of the heliostat, and obtaining the acute angle according to the sunlight incident angle and the acute angle, wherein the acute angle is equal to the sunlight incident angle.
Shadow and occlusion efficiency ηS&BThe proportion of the total area occupied by the "effective" area of the mirror that is not shadowed or otherwise lost from occlusion is shown.Wherein: sS&BThe area of the mirror surface where shadow or shading occurs; and S is the area of the heliostat mirror surface.
Spill efficiency ηintIt is the reflection of solar radiation energy by heliostats that does not reach the collector surface or entrance and the energy loss caused by the escape into the outside atmosphere is called the spill loss.Wherein S isintThe projection area of the light reflected by the heat collector along the heliostat on the mirror surface; and S is the area of the heliostat mirror surface.
Specifically, the following may be employed to determine the overflow efficiency. According to the ray tracing method, the heliostat is divided into small areas of NxN, and the larger the number of N is, the higher the calculation accuracy is. Supposing the sunlight entering the heliostat, according to the operating position of the sun, the attitude of the heliostat, the position of the heliostat where the NxN th center of the heliostat is located and the curvature of the heliostat, the spatial linear equation of the NxN reflected light can be calculated, the intersection point of the curved surface where the heat collection tower is located is obtained, then the number of points in the closed area of the heat collector on the curved surface of the heat collection tower is calculated by using a lattice point method, namely the effective energy combination, the number of the light of each heliostat is known to be NxN, the heliostats with m surfaces can obtain the total energy of mxN. The sum of the number of light rays on the surface of the heat collector is w, and the overflow efficiency is set asThe attitude of the heliostat includes different contents for different control modes of the heliostat. When the control mode of the heliostat is an elevation angle + azimuth angle control mode, the attitude of the heliostat comprises an elevation angle and a spin angle. When the control mode of the heliostat is an elevation angle + spin angle control mode, the attitude of the heliostat comprises an elevation angle and a spin angle.
(6) And optimizing the arrangement of the heliostat field to obtain optimal results of the arrangement coordinates of the heliostat field and the size of the heliostat. And resetting the heliostat field after the optimization result is obtained.
And calculating the annual average optical efficiency according to the calculation formula of the optical efficiency and the following formula. First, the daily average optical efficiency is calculatedThen, the annual average optical efficiency was calculated
Wherein,the optical efficiency of the mirror field at time i; n is the number of times for calculating the daily average optical efficiency; m is the number of days to calculate the average annual optical efficiency.
Optimization algorithms such as particle swarm and ant colony are adopted to realize optimization of heliostat field heliostat arrangement coordinates and heliostat size (namely heliostat parameters in the embodiment of the invention), so that annual average optical efficiency is maximum, and an optimal heliostat field arrangement result is obtained.
(7) And running a dynamic simulation graph, and displaying the change process of the mirror field in real time. As shown in fig. 3, the heliostat field is displayed in real time.
(8) And the export and storage of the running data are realized through a data export function.
The application has the advantages and positive effects that: (1) realizing dynamic simulation of the tower type solar mirror field, including selection of heliostat control modes; (2) the calculation of the sun position adopts an SPA algorithm, and has a large calculation range and high calculation precision; in order to improve the calculation precision, a C language form of the algorithm is called in a mex mode of Matlab; (3) by calculating the annual average optical efficiency of the mirror field, the arrangement and optimization of the heliostats in the mirror field are realized.
Accordingly, another aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides an apparatus for optimizing a solar heliostat field. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus for optimizing a solar heliostat field according to another embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus comprises a receiving module 1 and a processing module 2.
Wherein, the receiving module 1 is configured to: receiving sun operation position parameters, wherein the sun operation position parameters comprise the start time and the end time of the sun operation, the longitude, the latitude, the altitude and the atmospheric refractive index of the position of a heliostat field; and receiving arrangement parameters of the heliostat field, wherein the arrangement parameters comprise heat collection tower parameters, heat collector parameters and heliostat parameters. The processing module 2 is used for determining the running position of the sun according to the running position parameter of the sun; determining an optical efficiency of the heliostat field based on the arrangement parameters and the determined operating position of the sun; and adjusting the arrangement parameters based on the determined optical efficiency to maximize the optical efficiency.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the processing module determines the solar operation position according to the solar operation position parameter by using an SPA algorithm.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the SPA algorithm is invoked in a mex manner.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the processing module adjusts the arrangement parameter based on the determined optical efficiency by any one of: particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes: a control module to: setting a control mode of the heliostat; and controlling the operation of the heliostats in the heliostat field according to the set control mode in the solar operation time.
The specific working principle and benefits of the device for optimizing a solar heliostat field provided by the embodiment of the invention are similar to those of the method for optimizing a solar heliostat field provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the detailed description is omitted here.
In addition, another aspect of the present invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium, which stores instructions for causing a machine to execute the method described in the above embodiments.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention within the technical idea of the embodiments of the present invention, and the simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention do not describe every possible combination.
Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by a program, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a single chip, a chip, or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps in the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In addition, any combination of various different implementation manners of the embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the embodiments of the present invention should be considered as disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention as long as the combination does not depart from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for optimizing a solar heliostat field, the method comprising:
receiving sun operation position parameters, wherein the sun operation position parameters comprise the start time and the end time of the sun operation, the longitude, the latitude, the altitude and the atmospheric refractive index of the position of the heliostat field;
receiving arrangement parameters of the heliostat field, wherein the arrangement parameters comprise heat collection tower parameters, heat collector parameters and heliostat parameters;
determining the running position of the sun according to the running position parameter of the sun;
determining an optical efficiency of the heliostat field based on the placement parameters and the determined operating position of the sun; and
based on the determined optical efficiency, adjusting the arrangement parameters to maximize the optical efficiency.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining a solar operating position from the solar operating position parameter is performed by an SPA algorithm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the SPA algorithm is invoked in a mex fashion.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said adjusting said placement parameters based on said determined optical efficiency is performed by any one of: particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
setting a control mode of the heliostat; and
and controlling the operation of the heliostats in the heliostat field according to the set control mode in the solar operation time.
6. An apparatus for optimizing a solar heliostat field, the apparatus comprising:
a receiving module to:
receiving sun operation position parameters, wherein the sun operation position parameters comprise the start time and the end time of the sun operation, the longitude, the latitude, the altitude and the atmospheric refractive index of the position of the heliostat field; and
receiving arrangement parameters of the heliostat field, wherein the arrangement parameters comprise heat collection tower parameters, heat collector parameters and heliostat parameters; and
a processing module to:
determining the running position of the sun according to the running position parameter of the sun;
determining an optical efficiency of the heliostat field based on the placement parameters and the determined operating position of the sun; and
based on the determined optical efficiency, adjusting the arrangement parameters to maximize the optical efficiency.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing module determines the solar operating position from the solar operating position parameter via an SPA algorithm.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the SPA algorithm is invoked in a mex fashion.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing module adjusts the arrangement parameters based on the determined optical efficiency by any one of: particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a control module to:
setting a control mode of the heliostat; and
and controlling the operation of the heliostats in the heliostat field according to the set control mode in the solar operation time.
11. A machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a machine to perform the method of any one of claims 1-5.
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| CN115567102A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-03 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Attenuation determination method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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