CN110207822B - High-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system, method and medium - Google Patents
High-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system, method and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system, a method and a medium, comprising the following steps: the system comprises a light source module, a polarization state pre-modulation module, an optical time delay sensing module, a combined spectrum detection module and a data processing module; the light source module is used for generating an original light signal, and the central wavelength of the original light signal is recorded as lambda0(ii) a The polarization pre-modulation module is used for pre-modulating the polarization of an original optical signal to generate first output light; the optical time delay sensing module is used for loading an optical time delay value to be measured to the first output light to generate second output light; the polarization state post-selection module is used for projecting and decomposing the second output light according to the specified polarization state to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light. The invention adopts a method of 'joint bias weak value amplification', realizes the measurement of tiny quantity such as time delay with extremely high sensitivity, and also provides a high-sensitivity measurement scheme for other optical parameter estimation tasks.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a technique for measuring a small physical quantity, and more particularly, to a high-sensitivity optical delay estimation system, method, and medium. In particular, the invention relates to an optical time delay estimation system based on a combined weak value amplification technology, which can be applied to optical precision measurement, such as optical coherence tomography and the like, and improve the resolution and the detection sensitivity.
Background
In the field of precision measurement, weak measurement techniques are mainly classified into two categories: the weak value amplifies the weak measurement and combines the weak measurements. Among them, the weak value amplification weak measurement technique has been proposed earlier, and this technique has been widely used at present. Inevitably, however, this technique also has some drawbacks, such as:
1. weak value amplification weak measurement utilizes weak coupling and post-selection techniques to appropriately amplify an originally very small parameter to an observable location, thereby indirectly measuring a small quantity, the "amplification" being obtained at the expense of the number of post-selection photons, that is, the amplification factor is larger when the post-selection angle is closer to perpendicular to the pre-selection angle, but the number of photons received on the detector is smaller, and the amount of information that can be utilized is smaller.
2. In the weak value amplification weak measurement, the calculation of the amplification factor depends on the post-selection angle, and although the post-selection angle can be known in advance, in the experiment, once the post-selection polarizer is disturbed, the post-selection angle deviates from the true value, and then the measurement precision deviates.
From the above description, the weak value amplification schemes all have some drawbacks that are difficult to overcome. In recent years, researchers have proposed a parameter estimation method based on joint weak measurements. The method is based on weak value amplification weak measurement, and is different from the method in that the light after selection is divided into two paths by combining the weak measurement, and all photons are measured simultaneously, so that all photon information can be collected, and the measurement precision is improved; in addition, the offset is obtained by combining weak measurement through a post-processing algorithm of maximum likelihood estimation, and the method can simultaneously estimate the tiny parameter and the post-selection parameter under the condition that the post-selection parameter is unknown, so that even if the post-selection parameter is unstable under the experimental condition, the precision of parameter estimation cannot be influenced by using the method of combining weak measurement. Therefore, the defect of weak value amplification weak measurement can be effectively overcome by combining the weak measurement. However, the combined weak measurement method also has the following disadvantages:
1) under the condition of setting the same weak value amplification factor, the offset is only half of that of the traditional weak value amplification method (the sensitivity is reduced by half);
2) higher weak value amplification cannot be obtained by modulating the bias phase.
It follows that both the weak value amplification and the joint weak measurement of the existing weak measurement schemes have inherent disadvantages. The invention provides a new method for realizing weak measurement parameter estimation, which can organically combine the advantages of weak value amplification and combined weak measurement schemes, make up for each other, overcome the problem that the efficiency of the weak value amplification scheme is too low, solve the problem that the amplification factor of the combined weak measurement scheme is difficult to improve, and provide a reliable technical approach for realizing high-efficiency and high-sensitivity parameter measurement.
Patent document CN107121207A (application number: 201610101252.2) discloses a time delay estimation method and system based on a joint weak measurement technique, which includes: the device comprises an optical module, a data acquisition module and a data processing module; the optical module is used for estimating time delay according to a joint weak measurement parameter estimation algorithm; the data acquisition module is used for controlling the spectrometer to acquire data; the data processing module is used for analyzing and processing the measured data to obtain an estimated value of the time delay.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a high-sensitivity optical delay estimation system, method and medium.
The invention provides a high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system, which comprises: the system comprises a light source module, a polarization state pre-modulation module, an optical time delay sensing module, a combined spectrum detection module and a data processing module;
the light source module is used for generating an original light signal, and the central wavelength of the original light signal is recorded as lambda0；
The polarization pre-modulation module is used for pre-modulating the polarization of an original optical signal to generate first output light;
the optical time delay sensing module is used for loading an optical time delay value to be measured to the first output light to generate second output light;
the polarization state post-selection module is used for performing projection decomposition on the second output light according to a specified polarization state to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the combined spectrum detection module is used for simultaneously performing spectrum detection on the third output light and the fourth output light and outputting a spectrum signal;
the data processing module collects and stores the output spectrum signals, analyzes and processes the collected spectrum signals, and obtains an estimated value of time delay.
Preferably, the polarization pre-modulation module comprises: a linear polarizer (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2),
the polarization pre-modulation module:
the original light signal generated by the light source module passes through a linear polarizer (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2) to generate a first output light, and the linear polarizer is used for generating a second output lightThe polarizer direction is set to form a first preset included angle with the horizontal plane, and the quarter-wave plate direction is set to form a first preset included angle with the linear polarizer direction
An angle, the polarization state of the first output light being denoted as a pre-selected state, the notation being:
wherein,
i H > and I V > respectively represent a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
represents a real number much less than 1;
e-iCrepresents the modulation phase value-C;
eiCrepresents the modulation phase value C;
the phase value C to be modulated is calculated by:
wherein,
ω represents the angular frequency of the optical signal,
ω0representing the average value of the angular frequency of the optical signal.
The optical time delay perception module comprises: a Sory-Babinet compensator (3);
the optical time delay perception module: making the first output light pass through a Sorri-Babinet compensator to generate a second output light;
the direction of the Sorrill-Babinet compensator is set to form a second preset included angle with the linear polaroid, compared with the first output light, a section of propagation delay is added between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the second output light, and the delay is recorded as tau.
Preferably, the polarization state post-selection module includes: a second quarter wave plate (4) and a polarizing beam splitter (5);
the polarization state post-selection module: the second output light passes through a second quarter-wave plate (4) and a polarization beam splitter (5) to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the second quarter-wave plate is arranged to form a third preset included angle with the linear polaroid, and the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is arranged to form a fourth preset included angle with the linear polaroid.
Preferably, the combined spectrum detection module comprises: a first optical fiber collimator (6), a second optical fiber collimator (7) and a spectrometer (8) with an optical switch module;
the combined spectrum detection module: the two paths of output light generated by the polarization state post-selection module respectively enter an optical fiber connected to a spectrometer through optical fiber coupling equipment, and are further collected by the spectrometer to obtain spectral information;
the spectral distribution of the transmitted light collected by the spectrometer is:
P1(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the transmitted light signal;
P0(λi) A wavelength distribution representing an initial optical signal spectrum;
λ0expressing the average wavelength, represented by formula ∑iP(λi)λiComputing
λiA scale value of a certain wavelength which can be detected by a spectrometer;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
represents a real number much less than 1;
τ represents the optical time delay;
Aw1(λi) Represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw1(λi)]is represented by Aw1(λi) An imaginary part of (d);
the spectral distribution of the reflected light collected by the spectrometer is as follows:
P2(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the reflected light signal;
Aw2(λi) The expression represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw2(λi)]is represented by Aw2(λi) The imaginary part of (c).
Preferably, the data processing module collects and stores the spectrum information obtained by the combined spectrum detection module;
according to the spectrum information obtained by the combined spectrum detection module, the following average wavelength value is defined and calculated:
the estimated value of the time delay is solved by the following formula:
wherein,
tau represents the optical time delay to be measured, namely the estimated value of the time delay;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
λ represents the wavelength shift amount by averaging the wavelength values
Subtracting the initial wavelength value lambda of the input light0Thus obtaining the product.
The invention provides a high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of light source generation, polarization state pre-modulation, optical time delay perception, joint spectrum detection and data processing;
the light source step is used for generating an original light signal, and the central wavelength of the original light signal is recorded as lambda0；
The polarization pre-modulation step is used for pre-modulating the polarization of the original optical signal to generate first output light;
the optical time delay sensing step is used for loading an optical time delay value to be measured to the first output light to generate second output light;
the polarization state post-selection step is used for performing projection decomposition on the second output light according to a specified polarization state to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the combined spectrum detection step is used for simultaneously carrying out spectrum detection on the third output light and the fourth output light and outputting a spectrum signal;
and the data processing step acquires and stores the output spectrum signals, analyzes and processes the acquired spectrum signals and obtains an estimated value of time delay.
Preferably, the polarization pre-modulation step:
the original light signal generated in the light source generating step passes through a linear polaroid (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2) to generate first output light, the direction of the linear polaroid is set to form a first preset included angle with the horizontal plane, and the direction of the quarter-wave plate is set to form a first preset included angle with the direction of the linear polaroid
Angle of polarization of the first output lightThe state is taken as the pre-selection state, and the notation is expressed as:
wherein,
i H > and I V > respectively represent a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
represents a real number much less than 1;
e-iCrepresents the modulation phase value-C;
eiCrepresents the modulation phase value C;
the phase value C to be modulated is calculated by:
wherein,
ω represents the angular frequency of the optical signal,
ω0an average value representing the angular frequency of the optical signal;
the optical time delay sensing step: passing the first output light through a Sorri-Babinet compensator (3) to produce a second output light;
the direction of the Sorrill-Babinet compensator is set to form a second preset included angle with the linear polaroid, compared with the first output light, a section of propagation delay is added between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the second output light, and the delay is recorded as tau.
Preferably, the polarization state post-selection step: the second output light passes through a second quarter-wave plate (4) and a polarization beam splitter (5) to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the second quarter-wave plate is arranged to form a third preset included angle with the linear polarizer, and the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is arranged to form a fourth preset included angle with the linear polarizer;
the combined spectrum detection step comprises: the two paths of output light generated in the polarization state selection step enter optical fibers connected to a spectrometer through optical fiber coupling equipment respectively, and are further collected by the spectrometer to obtain spectral information;
the spectral distribution of the transmitted light collected by the spectrometer is:
P1(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the transmitted light signal;
P0(λi) A wavelength distribution representing an initial optical signal spectrum;
λ0expressing the average wavelength, represented by formula ∑iP(λi)λiComputing
λiA scale value of a certain wavelength which can be detected by a spectrometer;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
represents a real number much less than 1;
τ represents the optical time delay;
Aw1(λi) Represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw1(λi)]is represented by Aw1(λi) An imaginary part of (d);
the spectral distribution of the reflected light collected by the spectrometer is as follows:
P2(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the reflected light signal;
Aw2(λi) The expression represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw2(λi)]is represented by Aw2(λi) The imaginary part of (c).
Preferably, the data processing step collects and stores the spectral information obtained in the combined spectral detection step;
defining and calculating the following average wavelength values according to the spectrum information obtained in the combined spectrum detection step:
the estimated value of the time delay is solved by the following formula:
wherein,
tau represents the optical time delay to be measured, namely the estimated value of the time delay;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
λ represents the wavelength shift amount by averaging the wavelength values
Subtracting the initial wavelength value lambda of the input light0Thus obtaining the product.
According to the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation method according to any one of the above-mentioned items when executed by a processor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can organically combine the advantages of the weak value amplification scheme and the combined weak measurement scheme, mutually make up for the disadvantages, not only can overcome the problem that the efficiency of the weak value amplification scheme is too low, but also can solve the problem that the amplification factor of the combined weak measurement scheme is difficult to improve, and provides a reliable technical approach for realizing high-efficiency and high-sensitivity parameter measurement.
2. The invention adopts a method of 'joint bias weak value amplification', realizes the measurement of tiny quantity such as time delay with extremely high sensitivity, and also provides a high-sensitivity measurement scheme for other optical parameter estimation tasks.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a joint weak measurement-based time delay structure provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an initial spectrum of a Gaussian distributed optical signal provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an initial spectrum of a non-Gaussian distributed optical signal provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a frequency spectrum shift rate obtained by Gaussian distribution light source simulation provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a local magnification of a spectrum deviation ratio obtained by Gaussian distribution light source simulation provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the spectrum shift rate obtained by the non-Gaussian distribution light source simulation provided by the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a local amplification of a spectrum shift rate obtained by simulation of a non-gaussian distributed light source according to the present invention.
The figures show that:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system, which comprises: the system comprises a light source module, a polarization state pre-modulation module, an optical time delay sensing module, a combined spectrum detection module and a data processing module;
the light source module is used for generating an original light signal, and the central wavelength of the original light signal is recorded as lambda0；
The polarization pre-modulation module is used for pre-modulating the polarization of an original optical signal to generate first output light;
the optical time delay sensing module is used for loading an optical time delay value to be measured to the first output light to generate second output light;
the polarization state post-selection module is used for performing projection decomposition on the second output light according to a specified polarization state to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the combined spectrum detection module is used for simultaneously performing spectrum detection on the third output light and the fourth output light and outputting a spectrum signal;
the data processing module collects and stores the output spectrum signals, analyzes and processes the collected spectrum signals, and obtains an estimated value of time delay.
Specifically, the polarization pre-modulation module comprises: a linear polarizer (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2),
the polarization pre-modulation module:
the method comprises the steps that an original light signal generated by a light source module passes through a linear polarizer (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2) to generate first output light, the direction of the linear polarizer is set to form a first preset included angle with a horizontal plane, and the direction of the quarter-wave plate is set to form a first preset included angle with the direction of the linear polarizer
An angle, the polarization state of the first output light being denoted as a pre-selected state, the notation being:
wherein,
i H > and I V > respectively represent a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
represents a real number much less than 1;
e-iCrepresents the modulation phase value-C;
eiCrepresents the modulation phase value C;
the phase value C to be modulated is calculated by:
wherein,
ω represents the angular frequency of the optical signal,
ω0representing the average value of the angular frequency of the optical signal.
The optical time delay perception module comprises: a Sory-Babinet compensator (3);
the optical time delay perception module: making the first output light pass through a Sorri-Babinet compensator to generate a second output light;
the direction of the Sorrill-Babinet compensator is set to form a second preset included angle with the linear polaroid, compared with the first output light, a section of propagation delay is added between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the second output light, and the delay is recorded as tau.
Specifically, the polarization state post-selection module includes: a second quarter wave plate (4) and a polarizing beam splitter (5);
the polarization state post-selection module: the second output light passes through a second quarter-wave plate (4) and a polarization beam splitter (5) to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the second quarter-wave plate is arranged to form a third preset included angle with the linear polaroid, and the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is arranged to form a fourth preset included angle with the linear polaroid.
Specifically, the joint spectrum detection module comprises: a first optical fiber collimator (6), a second optical fiber collimator (7) and a spectrometer (8) with an optical switch module;
the combined spectrum detection module: the two paths of output light generated by the polarization state post-selection module respectively enter an optical fiber connected to a spectrometer through optical fiber coupling equipment, and are further collected by the spectrometer to obtain spectral information;
the spectral distribution of the transmitted light collected by the spectrometer is:
P1(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the transmitted light signal;
P0(λi) A wavelength distribution representing an initial optical signal spectrum;
λ0expressing the average wavelength, represented by formula ∑iP(λi)λiComputing
λiA scale value of a certain wavelength which can be detected by a spectrometer;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
represents a real number much less than 1;
τ represents the optical time delay;
Aw1(λi) Represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw1(λi)]is represented by Aw1(λi) An imaginary part of (d);
the spectral distribution of the reflected light collected by the spectrometer is as follows:
P2(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the reflected light signal;
Aw2(λi) The expression represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw2(λi)]is represented by Aw2(λi) The imaginary part of (c).
Specifically, the data processing module collects and stores spectral information obtained by the combined spectrum detection module;
according to the spectrum information obtained by the combined spectrum detection module, the following average wavelength value is defined and calculated:
the estimated value of the time delay is solved by the following formula:
wherein,
tau represents the optical time delay to be measured, namely the estimated value of the time delay;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
λ represents the wavelength shift amount by averaging the wavelength values
Subtracting the initial wavelength value lambda of the input light0Thus obtaining the product.
The high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system provided by the invention can be realized by the step flow of the high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation method provided by the invention. The person skilled in the art can understand the high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation method as a preferred example of the high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system.
The invention provides a high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of light source generation, polarization state pre-modulation, optical time delay perception, joint spectrum detection and data processing;
the light source step is used for generating an original light signal, and the central wavelength of the original light signal is recorded as lambda0；
The polarization pre-modulation step is used for pre-modulating the polarization of the original optical signal to generate first output light;
the optical time delay sensing step is used for loading an optical time delay value to be measured to the first output light to generate second output light;
the polarization state post-selection step is used for performing projection decomposition on the second output light according to a specified polarization state to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the combined spectrum detection step is used for simultaneously carrying out spectrum detection on the third output light and the fourth output light and outputting a spectrum signal;
and the data processing step acquires and stores the output spectrum signals, analyzes and processes the acquired spectrum signals and obtains an estimated value of time delay.
Specifically, the polarization pre-modulation step:
the original light signal generated in the light source generating step passes through a linear polaroid (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2) to generate first output light, the direction of the linear polaroid is set to form a first preset included angle with the horizontal plane, and the direction of the quarter-wave plate is set to form a first preset included angle with the direction of the linear polaroid
An angle, the polarization state of the first output light being denoted as a pre-selected state, the notation being:
wherein,
i H > and I V > respectively represent a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
represents a real number much less than 1;
e-iCrepresents the modulation phase value-C;
eiCrepresents the modulation phase value C;
the phase value C to be modulated is calculated by:
wherein,
ω represents the angular frequency of the optical signal,
ω0an average value representing the angular frequency of the optical signal;
the optical time delay sensing step: passing the first output light through a Sorri-Babinet compensator (3) to produce a second output light;
the direction of the Sorrill-Babinet compensator is set to form a second preset included angle with the linear polaroid, compared with the first output light, a section of propagation delay is added between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the second output light, and the delay is recorded as tau.
Specifically, the polarization state post-selection step: the second output light passes through a second quarter-wave plate (4) and a polarization beam splitter (5) to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the second quarter-wave plate is arranged to form a third preset included angle with the linear polarizer, and the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is arranged to form a fourth preset included angle with the linear polarizer;
the combined spectrum detection step comprises: the two paths of output light generated in the polarization state selection step enter optical fibers connected to a spectrometer through optical fiber coupling equipment respectively, and are further collected by the spectrometer to obtain spectral information;
the spectral distribution of the transmitted light collected by the spectrometer is:
P1(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the transmitted light signal;
P0(λi) A wavelength distribution representing an initial optical signal spectrum;
λ0expressing the average wavelength, represented by formula ∑iP(λi)λiComputing
λiA scale value of a certain wavelength which can be detected by a spectrometer;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
represents a real number much less than 1;
τ represents the optical time delay;
Aw1(λi) Represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw1(λi)]is represented by Aw1(λi) An imaginary part of (d);
the spectral distribution of the reflected light collected by the spectrometer is as follows:
P2(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the reflected light signal;
Aw2(λi) The expression represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw2(λi)]is represented by Aw2(λi) The imaginary part of (c).
Specifically, the data processing step collects and stores the spectral information obtained in the combined spectrum detection step;
defining and calculating the following average wavelength values according to the spectrum information obtained in the combined spectrum detection step:
the estimated value of the time delay is solved by the following formula:
wherein,
tau represents the optical time delay to be measured, namely the estimated value of the time delay;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
λ represents the wavelength shift amount by averaging the wavelength values
Subtracting the initial wavelength value lambda of the input light0Thus obtaining the product.
According to the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation method according to any one of the above-mentioned items when executed by a processor.
The present invention will be described more specifically below with reference to preferred examples.
Preferred example 1:
according to the novel joint weak value amplification method with extremely high sensitivity, the time delay estimation system based on the joint weak measurement technology is applied; the method comprises the following steps:
polarization premodulation and optical time delay perception steps: processing light emitted by the light source to obtain reflected light and transmitted light signal spectrums related to the parameter to be measured;
selecting a polarization state: the optical signal is used for projection decomposition according to a specified polarization state;
a combined spectrum detection step: the spectrum detection device is used for simultaneously carrying out spectrum detection on the two paths of output optical signals;
data acquisition and processing steps: controlling the process of spectrum signal acquisition to realize acquisition and storage of spectrum signals; and analyzing and processing the spectrum signals acquired in the data acquisition step to obtain an estimated value of time delay.
Preferably, the polarization pre-modulation and optical time delay sensing steps include:
step A1: and carrying out pre-polarization selection on the light source signal light. Specifically, light emitted by the superluminescent light emitting diode light source passes through the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate to generate output light. The linear polarizer is arranged to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the quarter-wave plate is arranged to form an included angle with the linear polarizer
The angle, the polarization state of the output light is denoted as the pre-selection state, and the notation is:
wherein,
mark
Represents the pre-selection state, | H>And | V>Respectively representing horizontal and vertical polarization states;
step A2: resulting in a weak coupling. Specifically, the light in the front selection state passes through a Sorrier-Babinet compensator to generate output light. The direction of the Sorrier-Babinet compensator is arranged to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the linear polaroid. The output light has an added propagation delay between its horizontal and vertical polarization components compared to the input light, denoted as τ
Preferably, the polarization state post-selection step comprises:
and B: and carrying out polarization state post-selection on the optical signal output by the previous step. Specifically, the optical signal output in the previous step passes through a second quarter-wave plate and a polarization beam splitter to generate two paths of output light. The second quarter-wave plate is arranged to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the linear polaroid, and the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is arranged to form an included angle of 0 degree with the linear polaroid. The two output lights are respectively marked as transmitted light and reflected light.
Preferably, the step of joint spectrum detection comprises:
and C: in conjunction with the weak measurement process. Specifically, the two output lights generated in the previous step enter the optical fiber connected to the spectrometer through the optical fiber coupling device respectively, and are collected by the spectrometer.
The spectral distribution of the transmitted light collected by the spectrometer is:
the spectral distribution of the reflected light collected by the spectrometer is as follows:
in the formula, weak value magnification Aw1(lambda) and Aw2(λ) is defined by the formula:
preferably, the data acquisition and processing step comprises:
step D1: connecting the computer with the optical switch and the optical spectrum analyzer through an IP network;
and D2, calling a dynamic link library function, and realizing serial port communication between the optical switch and the spectrum analyzer on a L abview platform or an FPGA (field programmable gate array). programming a program on the basis of the function to control the parameter setting of the spectrum analyzer, controlling the switching of the optical switch and the acquisition of the data of the spectrum analyzer, and storing the acquired spectrum data and the output data of the built-in analysis function of the spectrum analyzer as files.
Step D3: and D, obtaining an estimated value of the time delay by adopting a maximum likelihood estimation method according to the light intensity distribution obtained in the step C. Specifically, according to the light intensity distribution obtained in the data acquisition step, the following average wavelength value is defined and calculated:
then, the delay value to be estimated is calculated using the following formula:
wherein τ represents an optical time delay to be measured, C represents an optical speed in a vacuum, and λ represents a wavelength shift amount, and the average wavelength value calculated in step C is used
Subtracting the initial wavelength value lambda of the input light0Thus obtaining the product.
Preferred example 2:
the parameter estimation method based on the combined weak value amplification technology and the application scheme thereof in high-precision optical time delay detection provided by the invention adopt the methods of pre-bias selection, combined measurement and calculation of average wavelength deviation value to obtain unknown parameters.
In this embodiment, the present invention provides a very high sensitivity tiny delay measurement system, including: the device comprises an optical module, a data acquisition module and a data processing module; the optical module is used for correspondingly processing light emitted by a signal source to obtain spectrums of transmitted light and reflected light corresponding to the signal source; the data acquisition module is used for controlling the optical module to realize acquisition and storage of the spectral signals; the data processing module is used for analyzing and processing the spectrum signals acquired by the data acquisition module to obtain an estimated value of time delay.
The specific process of the optical module for generating the time delay is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the laser source is an S L D light source, the central wavelength is 1540nm, the line width is 25nm, the light beam is changed into linearly polarized light after passing through the polarizer, the polarizer may be a glan taylor prism, and then the light beam passes through the first quarter wave plate, the wave plate and the polarizer form the included angle as described above, and the previous selection stage is completed.
In the experiment, the initial state of the system was
Wherein,
for the previous selection state, | H>And | V>Respectively in a horizontally polarized state and a vertically polarized state.
When the birefringent crystal rotates counterclockwise by a certain angle theta with the optical axis as the axial direction, a very weak time delay exists between the horizontally polarized component and the vertically polarized component of the front selection light, which can be expressed as
Wherein n ise，noAnd n is e light, o light and average refraction respectivelyThe refractive index, c is the speed of light, and λ is the frequency of the incident light.
The above formula establishes the relationship between the time delay tau and the tilt angle theta, and different time delays can be obtained by controlling the tilt angle of the birefringent crystal in experiments.
After the time delay is generated, the light beam passes through a second quarter-wave plate and a polarizing Plate (PBS), and the light is divided into two paths after passing through the PBS and is received by a spectrometer. The quarter wave plate is adjusted to form an included angle of 45 degrees with the polarizer, and the direction of the polarization optical axis of the polarization beam splitter is adjusted to be the same as that of the polarizer. The direction of the combination wave plate is set, so that the light intensity received by the two spectrometers is approximately equal when zero offset occurs, and the design of combined weak measurement is met.
In the example, after post-selection, the post-selection states in two directions are respectively
Wherein,
and
the post-selection states of the transmitted light and the reflected light respectively, and phi is the polarization angle of the polarization beam splitter. After post-selection, the weak values of the two lights are respectively marked as Aw1、Aw2The calculation formula is as follows:
after post-selection, the probability distribution of the photons of the two beams of light being detected on the spectrum is:
wherein P is1(omega) and P2(ω) spectra of the two lights, P0(ω)＝|f0(ω)|2Is the initial spectrum of the beam, with an average value of ω0。
The specific process of the data acquisition module is as follows:
the data acquisition system based on L ABVIEW or FPGA can control a spectrometer and a photoswitch to acquire spectral data, firstly, a router and other equipment are used for stably connecting a computer with the photoswitch and a spectrum analyzer, the computer, the photoswitch and the spectrum analyzer are started, whether the serial port of the computer is in normal communication is judged by observing whether the serial port displays the name of the photoswitch and the name of the spectrum analyzer or not in a L ABVIEW program, the written L ABVIEW program sends a command to transmit settings to the spectrum analyzer and scans the spectrum, the program simultaneously controls the photoswitch to switch and match the spectrum analyzer to respectively receive two paths of light output from a polarization beam splitter, in the example, the spectrum analyzer is mainly set to be 500 sampling points, the sensitivity of HIGH1, the automatic level, the sampling center is 1577nm and the scanning width is 100nm, and the program acquires the spectral data output from the spectrum analyzer and the built-in analysis function through the serial port and then stores the spectral data in the file.
The data processing module comprises the following specific processes: and processing the acquired data by writing codes. In an example, when we acquire the spectrum distribution functions of the two paths of light, the time delay τ to be measured in the propagation direction between the horizontal component and the vertical component of the cross section after the light passes through the optical delay module can be estimated through the algorithm. Reading spectral data from a file, and calculating an average wavelength according to the following formula:
in the formula, P1(λi) And P2(λi) Respectively representing the spectral intensities, lambda, of the two received lightsiRepresenting each sample point of the spectrum analyzer for a wavelength.
The optical delay value can then be solved as follows:
wherein τ represents an optical time delay to be measured, c represents an optical speed in a vacuum, and λ represents a wavelength shift amount, and the average wavelength value obtained by calculation
Subtracting the initial average wavelength value lambda of the input light0Is obtained as0Varied depending on the characteristics of the light source and was measured by a spectrum analyzer in the example.
Preferred example 3:
the invention provides an extremely-high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system based on joint weak value amplification, which is characterized by comprising a light source module, a polarization state pre-modulation module, an optical time delay sensing module, a joint spectrum detection module and a data processing module, wherein:
1. the light source module comprises a superluminescent light emitting diode for generating an original light signal.
Specifically, superluminescent light emitting diodes produce a high power broadband light beam with a center wavelength denoted λ0；
2. The polarization pre-modulation module comprises a linear polarizer and a first quarter-wave plate and is used for pre-modulating the polarization of the signal light;
specifically, the original light signal passes through a linear polarizer and a first quarter-wave plate disposed at a specific angle, and a light beam of a previously selected polarization state is output.
3. The optical time delay sensing module comprises a Sorri-Babinet compensator and is used for loading an optical time delay value to be measured to signal light;
specifically, the light beam with the front selected polarization state passes through a Sorri-Babinet compensator, and the light beam with time delay information is output.
4. The polarization state post-selection module comprises a second quarter-wave plate and a polarization beam splitter and is used for projecting and decomposing the optical signal according to the specified polarization state;
specifically, the light beam with time delay information passes through a second quarter-wave plate and a polarization beam splitter which are arranged at a specific angle, and two light beams with mutually vertical polarization states are output.
5. The combined spectrum detection module comprises an optical fiber collimator, an optical fiber, an optical switch and a spectrum analyzer and is used for simultaneously performing spectrum detection on the two paths of output optical signals;
specifically, two output lights of the beam splitter respectively pass through the optical fiber collimator and the optical fiber, enter the optical switch, and then enter the optical spectrum analyzer.
6. The data processing module comprises a platform software system based on L abdiews or FPGA and Matlab, and is used for collecting and storing the spectrum signals, analyzing and processing the collected spectrum signals and obtaining the estimated value of time delay.
Specifically, an L beyond view platform which is communicated with an optical switch and an optical spectrum analyzer through an IP protocol sends a control command, controls the switching of the optical switch, the setting of the optical spectrum analyzer, the collection of spectral data and the output data of the built-in analysis function of the optical spectrum analyzer, and stores the collected information as a file.
The analysis results of the spectrum analyzer are shown in fig. 2 to 7.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices provided by the present invention in purely computer readable program code means, the method steps can be fully programmed to implement the same functions by implementing the system and its various devices in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices thereof provided by the present invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices included in the system and various devices thereof for realizing various functions can be regarded as structures in the hardware component and can also be regarded as software modules for realizing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (8)
1. A high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system, comprising: the system comprises a light source module, a polarization state pre-modulation module, an optical time delay sensing module, a combined spectrum detection module, a data processing module and a polarization state post-selection module;
the light source module is used for generating an original light signal, and the central wavelength of the original light signal is recorded as lambda0；
The polarization state pre-modulation module is used for pre-modulating the polarization of an original optical signal to generate first output light;
the optical time delay sensing module is used for loading an optical time delay value to be measured to the first output light to generate second output light;
the polarization state post-selection module is used for performing projection decomposition on the second output light according to a specified polarization state to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the combined spectrum detection module is used for simultaneously performing spectrum detection on the third output light and the fourth output light and outputting a spectrum signal;
the data processing module collects and stores the output spectrum signals, analyzes and processes the collected spectrum signals and obtains an estimated value of optical time delay;
the combined spectrum detection module comprises: a first optical fiber collimator (6), a second optical fiber collimator (7) and a spectrometer (8) with an optical switch module;
the combined spectrum detection module: the two paths of output light generated by the selection module after polarization state enter optical fibers connected with a spectrometer through optical fiber coupling equipment respectively and are further collected by the spectrometer to obtain spectral information;
the spectral distribution of the transmitted light collected by the spectrometer is:
P1(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the transmitted light signal;
P0(λi) A wavelength distribution representing the spectrum of the original optical signal;
λ0expressing the initial average wavelength value, represented by formula ∑iP(λi)λiComputing
λiA scale value of a certain wavelength which can be detected by a spectrometer;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
represents a real number much less than 1;
τ represents the optical time delay;
Aw1(λi) Represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw1(λi)]is represented by Aw1(λi) An imaginary part of (d);
the spectral distribution of the reflected light collected by the spectrometer is as follows:
P2(λi) Representing the wavelength of the spectrum of the reflected light signalDistributing;
Aw2(λi) Represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw2(λi)]is represented by Aw2(λi) The imaginary part of (c).
2. The high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system of claim 1, wherein the polarization state pre-modulation module comprises: a linear polarizer (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2),
the polarization state pre-modulation module:
the method comprises the steps that an original light signal generated by a light source module passes through a linear polarizer (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2) to generate first output light, the direction of the linear polarizer is set to form a first preset included angle with a horizontal plane, and the direction of the first quarter-wave plate is set to form a first preset included angle with the direction of the linear polarizer
An angle, the polarization state of the first output light being recorded as a pre-selected polarization state, the notation being:
wherein,
i H > and I V > respectively represent a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
represents a real number much less than 1;
e-iCrepresents the modulation phase value-C;
eiCrepresents the modulation phase value C;
the phase value C to be modulated is calculated by:
wherein,
ω represents the angular frequency of the optical signal,
ω0an average value representing the angular frequency of the optical signal;
the optical time delay perception module comprises: a Sory-Babinet compensator (3);
the optical time delay perception module: making the first output light pass through a Sorri-Babinet compensator to generate a second output light;
the direction of the Sorrill-Babinet compensator is set to form a second preset included angle with the linear polaroid, compared with the first output light, a section of propagation optical time delay is added between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the second output light, and the optical time delay is recorded as tau.
3. The high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system of claim 1, wherein the polarization post-selection module comprises: a second quarter wave plate (4) and a polarizing beam splitter (5);
the polarization state post-selection module: the second output light passes through a second quarter-wave plate (4) and a polarization beam splitter (5) to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the second quarter-wave plate (4) is arranged to form a third preset included angle with the linear polaroid, and the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is arranged to form a fourth preset included angle with the linear polaroid.
4. The high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation system of claim 1, wherein the data processing module collects and stores spectral information obtained by the combined spectrum detection module;
according to the spectrum information obtained by the combined spectrum detection module, the following average wavelength value is defined and calculated:
the estimated value of the time delay is solved by the following formula:
wherein,
tau represents the optical time delay to be measured, namely the estimated value of the time delay;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
λ represents the wavelength shift amount by averaging the wavelength values
Subtracting the initial average wavelength value lambda of the input light0Thus obtaining the product.
5. A method for high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation, comprising: the method comprises the steps of light source generation, polarization state pre-modulation, optical time delay perception, joint spectrum detection, data processing and polarization state post-selection;
the light source generating step is used for generating an original light signal, and the central wavelength of the original light signal is recorded as lambda0；
The polarization state pre-modulation step is used for pre-modulating the polarization of the original optical signal to generate first output light;
the optical time delay sensing step is used for loading an optical time delay value to be measured to the first output light to generate second output light;
the polarization state post-selection step is used for performing projection decomposition on the second output light according to a specified polarization state to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the combined spectrum detection step is used for simultaneously carrying out spectrum detection on the third output light and the fourth output light and outputting a spectrum signal;
the data processing step collects and stores the output spectrum signals, and analyzes and processes the collected spectrum signals to obtain an estimated value of optical time delay;
the polarization state post-selection step: the second output light passes through a second quarter-wave plate (4) and a polarization beam splitter (5) to generate two paths of output light, namely third output light and fourth output light;
the second quarter-wave plate is arranged to form a third preset included angle with the linear polarizer, and the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is arranged to form a fourth preset included angle with the linear polarizer;
the combined spectrum detection step comprises: the two paths of output light generated in the step of selecting after polarization state enter optical fibers connected with a spectrometer through optical fiber coupling equipment respectively and are further collected by the spectrometer to obtain spectral information;
the spectral distribution of the transmitted light collected by the spectrometer is:
P1(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the transmitted light signal;
P0(λi) A wavelength distribution representing the spectrum of the original optical signal;
λ0expressing the initial average wavelength value, represented by formula ∑iP(λi)λiComputing
λiA scale value of a certain wavelength which can be detected by a spectrometer;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
represents a real number much less than 1;
τ represents the optical time delay;
Aw1(λi) Represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw1(λi)]is represented by Aw1(λi) An imaginary part of (d);
the spectral distribution of the reflected light collected by the spectrometer is as follows:
P2(λi) A wavelength distribution representing a spectrum of the reflected light signal;
Aw2(λi) Represents a complex value, calculated by:
Im[Aw2(λi)]is represented by Aw2(λi) The imaginary part of (c).
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the polarization pre-modulation step:
the original light signal generated in the light source generating step passes through a linear polaroid (1) and a first quarter-wave plate (2) to generate first output light, the direction of the linear polaroid is set to form a first preset included angle with the horizontal plane, and the direction of the first quarter-wave plate is set to form a first preset included angle with the direction of the linear polaroid
An angle, the polarization state of the first output light being recorded as a pre-selected polarization state, the notation being:
wherein,
i H > and I V > respectively represent a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
represents a real number much less than 1;
e-iCrepresents the modulation phase value-C;
eiCrepresents the modulation phase value C;
the phase value C to be modulated is calculated by:
wherein,
ω represents the angular frequency of the optical signal,
ω0an average value representing the angular frequency of the optical signal;
the optical time delay sensing step: passing the first output light through a Sorri-Babinet compensator (3) to produce a second output light;
the direction of the Sorrill-Babinet compensator is set to form a second preset included angle with the linear polaroid, compared with the first output light, a section of propagation optical time delay is added between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the second output light, and the optical time delay is recorded as tau.
7. The high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation method according to claim 6, wherein the data processing step collects and stores the spectral information obtained by the combined spectrum detection step;
defining and calculating the following average wavelength values according to the spectrum information obtained in the combined spectrum detection step:
the estimated value of the time delay is solved by the following formula:
wherein,
tau represents the optical time delay to be measured, namely the estimated value of the time delay;
c represents the speed of light in vacuum;
λ represents the wavelength shift amount by averaging the wavelength values
Subtracting the initial average wavelength value lambda of the input light0Thus obtaining the product.
8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the high-sensitivity optical time delay estimation method of any one of claims 5 to 7.
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