CN110206592B - High-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for radial-flow impeller machinery - Google Patents
High-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for radial-flow impeller machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110206592B CN110206592B CN201910482517.1A CN201910482517A CN110206592B CN 110206592 B CN110206592 B CN 110206592B CN 201910482517 A CN201910482517 A CN 201910482517A CN 110206592 B CN110206592 B CN 110206592B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
- F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
- F01D1/06—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/04—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/22—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/224—Carbon, e.g. graphite
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for a radial-flow impeller machine, which comprises a stationary blade, a movable blade, a shell, a wheel back, a wheel cover, a sealing rotor and a sealing stator, wherein the stationary blade is arranged on the stationary blade; the impeller comprises a shell, a plurality of fixed blades, a plurality of movable blades and a plurality of blades, wherein the fixed blades are fixed on the inner wall of the shell and are uniformly distributed on the periphery of an impeller; the wheel cover is tightly attached to the stationary blade to form a stationary blade flow channel; the wheel cover is in clearance fit with the movable blade to form a movable blade flow passage; the front end extension section of the wheel cover forms a steam outlet chamber; the sealing rotor is arranged on the back surface of the wheel back, the sealing stator is fixed on the shell, and the sealing rotor and the sealing stator form an integrated impeller-sealing structure together; leakage gaps are jointly formed between the sealing rotor and the sealing stator and between the wheel back and the sealing stator and the housing. The impeller-seal integrated structure has the advantages of small abrasion influence and high temperature and pressure resistance, is an impeller-seal integrated structure which is simple in structure, high in safety and economy and capable of balancing axial thrust, and has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sealing structure of impeller machinery, in particular to a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for radial-flow impeller machinery.
Background
Compared with axial flow type impeller machinery, the radial flow type impeller machinery has the advantages of compact structure, simple manufacturing process, low manufacturing cost, higher efficiency under the design condition of smaller flow, and the like. Therefore, with the rapid development of engineering technology, radial flow type impeller machines are widely used in medium and low power devices. The labyrinth seal is a traditional sealing mode, and still is a widely applied sealing mode of impeller machinery at present due to the advantages of simple structure, low cost and the like.
Radial flow turbomachines are generally characterized by small dimensions and high rotational speeds, which in certain application scenarios are designed to rotate at speeds even up to hundreds of thousands of revolutions per minute. Under the condition of high rotating speed, the common shaft end sealing device cannot meet the requirements of sealing performance and safety. Theoretically, in order to reduce air leakage loss, the radial clearance between the seal teeth and the surface of the rotor is reduced as much as possible, but when the unit is started and stopped to pass through the critical rotating speed, the vibration amplitude of the rotor is increased, particularly the vibration amplitude of the middle part of the rotor is the largest, and when the vibration amplitude of the rotor exceeds the value of the seal clearance, the rotor and the seal teeth are rubbed. The collision and abrasion can cause the tip of the seal tooth to be abraded, deformed or even lose the sealing effect, and a large amount of heat can be generated at the contact part of the seal tooth and the rotating shaft at the moment of the collision and abrasion, so that the surface of the rotor is locally overheated, and serious accidents of the bending of the rotating shaft can be caused. Particularly, when the temperature and the pressure of a working medium in the impeller machine are high, expansion difference occurs between the stator and the rotor, and the position of the sealing tooth relative to the boss changes. Meanwhile, a large axial projection area can generate a huge axial thrust load, and further axial movement is generated. This will increase the amount of air leakage and even destroy the shaft end seal, and the sealing and safety of the whole power plant will be seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for a radial-flow impeller machine, which has the advantages of small abrasion influence and high-temperature and high-pressure resistance, is an impeller-sealing integrated structure with simple structure, high safety and economy and capability of balancing axial thrust, and has wide application prospect.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for the radial-flow impeller machinery comprises a static blade, a movable blade, a shell, a wheel back, a wheel cover, a sealing rotor and a sealing stator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the plurality of static blades are fixed on the inner wall of the shell and are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the impeller, and the plurality of movable blades are uniformly distributed on the front surface of the back of the impeller; the wheel cover is tightly attached to the stationary blade to form a stationary blade flow channel; the wheel cover is in clearance fit with the movable blade to form a movable blade flow passage; the front end extension section of the wheel cover forms a steam outlet chamber; the sealing rotor is arranged on the back surface of the wheel back, the sealing stator is fixed on the inner wall of the shell, and the sealing rotor and the sealing stator are in gapless fit to form an integrated impeller-sealing structure together; leakage gaps are jointly formed between the sealing rotor and the sealing stator and between the wheel back and the sealing stator and the housing.
The invention is further improved in that the sealing rotor adopts an axial conical boss structure, the ratio of the root diameter of the connecting part of the sealing rotor and the wheel back to the outer diameter of the wheel back is 0.2-0.8, the ratio of the top diameter of the sealing rotor to the root diameter is 0.3-0.7, and the ratio of the axial length of the sealing rotor to the outer diameter of the wheel back is 0.3-0.7.
The invention has the further improvement that the surface of the sealing rotor is provided with sealing teeth, the number of the sealing teeth is 4-15, and the ratio of the tooth thickness to the tooth height of the sealing teeth is 0.1-2.
The invention is further improved in that the seal teeth comprise high and low teeth, oblique and flat teeth, side teeth and a longitudinal tree structure.
The sealing stator is of a replaceable structure and is fixed on the shell through the positioning pin, the sealing stator is of a stepped structure, the number of steps corresponds to the number of sealing teeth, and the height difference of adjacent steps is 0.1-0.5 of the height of the sealing teeth.
The invention is further improved in that the sealing stator is made of high-temperature-resistant graphite material.
The invention is further improved in that the number of the positioning pins is 2-8.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the radial-flow impeller mechanical sealing structure is reasonable in design, simple in structure, low in cost, convenient to install, good in reliability and suitable for severe working environments, and the problems of safety and sealing performance of the radial-flow impeller mechanical sealing structure are solved;
2. the sealing stator and the sealing rotor adopt a design structure of zero clearance and small abrasion influence, and the sealing rotor is allowed to abrade the sealing stator in rotation, so that the leakage section formed in the seal is minimized, the leakage clearance of the moving and static parts of the impeller becomes a self-adaptive flow channel with high damping and low flow coefficient, the air leakage loss is effectively reduced, and the sealing performance is superior to that of the common shaft end seal;
3. when the unit is started and stopped to pass through the critical rotating speed, the operation is failed or the unit runs for a long time to generate sealing abrasion, only the cheap sealing stator needs to be simply replaced, the sealing rotor is not affected, and the economical efficiency is high. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional sealing structure, the sealing stator is made of graphite materials, so that the hardness of the sealing stator relative to a shaft system material is lower, and the safety problem caused by collision and grinding with the sealing structure during shaft system vibration is solved.
4. The sealing structure is positioned on the back of the impeller, so that the axial projection area of the stress on the back of the impeller is reduced, the stress on the back of the impeller is equivalent to that on the front of the impeller by designing the sealing size, the axial thrust of the impeller is effectively balanced, the safety and reliability of operation are improved, and the type selection of the bearing is facilitated;
5. the sealing boss structure on the back of the impeller greatly increases the axial size of the impeller hub, improves the strength and safety of the impeller during working, and can ensure that the radial-flow impeller machine can normally run in a more severe high-temperature and high-pressure environment.
6. The impeller-sealing structure has better processing integrity, easy processing and better practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a high temperature and high pressure resistant integrated impeller-seal structure for a radial flow impeller machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a zero clearance, low wear impact design between the sealed rotor and the sealed stator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a vane and integrated impeller-seal structure of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. the device comprises a stator blade, a rotor blade, a shell, a rotor blade, a rotor cover, a rotor blade, a rotor.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments and specific operations of the embodiments are provided on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the high temperature and high pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for a radial flow type impeller machine provided by the present invention includes a stationary blade 1, a movable blade 2, a casing 3, a wheel back 4, a wheel cover 5, a steam outlet chamber 6, a leakage gap 7, a seal rotor 8, a seal tooth 9, a seal stator 10 and a positioning pin 11. Wherein, a plurality of quiet leaf 1 is fixed in on the casing 3 inner wall to evenly distributed is around the impeller, and a plurality of movable vane 2 evenly arranges in the front of wheel back 4. The wheel cover 5 is tightly attached to the stationary blade 1 to form a stationary blade flow channel; the wheel cover 5 is in clearance fit with the movable blade 2 to form a movable blade flow passage; the front end extension of the wheel cover 5 forms a cylindrical steam outlet chamber 6. The sealing rotor 8 is arranged on the back of the wheel back 4, the sealing stator 10 is fixed on the inner wall of the shell 3, and the sealing rotor 8 and the sealing stator 10 form an integrated impeller-sealing structure together; leakage gaps 7 are formed between the sealing rotor 8 and the sealing stator 10 and between the wheel back 4 and the sealing stator 10 and the housing 3.
The sealing rotor 8 adopts an axial conical boss structure, the ratio of the root diameter of the joint of the sealing rotor 8 and the wheel back 4 to the outer diameter of the wheel back 4 is 0.2-0.8, the ratio of the top diameter of the sealing rotor 8 to the root diameter is 0.3-0.7, and the ratio of the axial length of the sealing rotor 8 to the outer diameter of the wheel back 4 is 0.3-0.7. The surface of the sealing rotor 8 is provided with sealing teeth 9, the sealing teeth 9 comprise various structural forms such as high and low teeth, oblique flat teeth, side teeth, longitudinal tree shapes and the like, the number of the sealing teeth 9 is 4-15, and the ratio of the tooth thickness to the tooth height of the sealing teeth 9 is 0.1-2. Sealed stator 10 adopts removable structure, is fixed in on casing 3 through locating pin 11, and 11 quantity of locating pin are 2 ~ 8, and sealed stator 10 adopts cascaded structure, and the ladder number is corresponding with the number of sealed tooth 9, and the difference in height of adjacent ladder is 0.1 ~ 0.5 of sealed tooth 9 tooth height, adopts high temperature resistant graphite material to make to guarantee sealed stator 10 intensity and the wearability at the during operation. The wheel back 4 is in clearance fit with the shell 3, a design structure of zero clearance and small abrasion influence is adopted between the sealing rotor 8 and the sealing stator 10, the sealing teeth 9 on the sealing rotor 8 are matched with the boss of the sealing stator 10, when the impeller machine rotates at high speed, the sealing teeth 9 on the sealing rotor 8 are allowed to abrade the boss of the sealing stator 10 in the rotation process, so that a self-adaptive clearance is generated, a plurality of annular orifices and annular air chambers which are sequentially arranged are formed between the sealing rotor 8 and the sealing stator 10, the leakage section between the sealing rotor 8 and the sealing stator 10 is minimized, the leakage section and the leakage section between the wheel back 4 and the shell 3 jointly form a self-adaptive leakage clearance 7 flow channel with high damping and low flow coefficient between the moving and static parts of the impeller, and the sealing performance is more reliable compared with the common shaft end sealing.
Taking a centripetal turbine as an example, the principle and the process of the invention are mainly as follows:
when the high-temperature high-pressure working medium is operated, the high-temperature high-pressure working medium is expanded primarily through the stationary blade flow channel, so that part of pressure and temperature are reduced, and the high-temperature high-pressure working medium is converted into a high-speed flowing working medium with a certain airflow angle. Most working media at the outlet of the static blade 1 enter the movable blade flow channel along the main flow channel, the movable blade flow channel is fully expanded to drive the movable blade 2, the wheel back 4 and the sealing rotor 8 to rotate and do work, the set low temperature and low pressure are achieved at the outlet of the movable blade 2, and then the working media are discharged from the steam outlet chamber 6. A small part of working medium at the outlet of the stationary blade 1 flows into the leakage gap 7, the part of the leakage working medium directly influences the power generation efficiency and the operation reliability of the turbine, and theoretically, in order to reduce the air leakage loss, the radial gap of the tooth tip of the sealing tooth 9 is reduced as much as possible. In order to reduce the working medium flow in the leakage gap 7, the sealing teeth 9 on the sealing rotor 8 are matched with the boss of the sealing stator 10 to form an impeller-sealing integrated design structure with zero clearance and small abrasion influence, the sealing teeth 9 are allowed to abrade the boss of the sealing stator 10 during rotation, and a plurality of annular orifices and annular air chambers which are arranged in sequence and have minimized leakage sections are formed between the sealing rotor 8 and the sealing stator 10. When the working medium passes through the gap between the first sealing tooth 9 and the sealing stator 10, the flow area is sharply reduced, the flow speed is increased, the pressure energy of the working medium is converted into kinetic energy, and jet flow is formed. And then the jet flow enters a cavity between two adjacent sealing teeth 9 to form a vortex, so that the kinetic energy of the working medium is partially converted into heat energy, and the flowing speed of the working medium is reduced. After the working medium passes through the tooth tip clearance of the first sealing tooth 9, the pressure intensity is reduced, the process can be approximately regarded as a throttling process, and the specific enthalpy of the working medium is kept unchanged. The thermodynamic process of the working medium passing through the tooth tip clearance of each following sealing tooth 9 is the same as that passing through the tooth tip clearance of the first sealing tooth 9, but the enthalpy drop is increased, and the speed at the tooth tip of the sealing tooth 9 is increased correspondingly. The impeller-seal integrated structure with zero clearance and small abrasion influence ensures that the leakage clearance 7 of the moving and static parts of the impeller becomes a self-adaptive flow channel with high damping and low flow coefficient, effectively reduces the air leakage loss, and has better sealing performance than the common shaft end seal.
When the unit is started and stopped to pass through the critical rotating speed, the vibration amplitude of the rotor is increased, and when the vibration amplitude exceeds a sealing clearance value, the common shaft end seal can collide and rub with the seal teeth. The collision and abrasion can cause the tip of the seal tooth to be abraded, deformed or even lose the sealing effect, and a large amount of heat can be generated at the contact part of the seal tooth and the rotating shaft at the moment of the collision and abrasion, so that the surface of the rotor is locally overheated, and serious accidents of the bending of the rotating shaft can be caused. When the unit is started and stopped to pass through the critical rotating speed, the operation is failed or the sealing abrasion is generated due to long-time operation, the sealing stator 10 is made of graphite materials, so that the hardness of the sealing stator is lower relative to the shaft system materials, and the safety problem caused by collision and abrasion between the sealing stator and the sealing structure during shaft system vibration is solved. Meanwhile, only the cheap sealing stator 10 needs to be simply replaced, the sealing rotor 8 is not affected, and the reliability and the economical efficiency are greatly improved. In addition, the conical boss structure of the sealing rotor 8 on the back of the wheel back 4 plays a role of a reinforcing rib, the strength and the safety of the impeller during working are improved, and the radial-flow impeller machine can normally run in a worse high-temperature and high-pressure environment. Meanwhile, the impeller-seal integrated structure can change the axial stress projection area of the impeller back 4 by designing the size of the seal rotor 8, so that the stress on the back of the impeller back 4 is equivalent to the total stress on the front of the impeller back 4 and the movable blade 2, the special effect of balancing the axial thrust of the impeller is achieved, the safety and reliability of operation are improved, and the type selection of the bearing is facilitated. The impeller-seal integrated structure has a simple processing technology, does not need to additionally prepare a shaft end sealing device, and can manufacture the seal rotor 8, the wheel back 4 and the movable blade 2 together by adopting a blank form of a forged piece or an investment casting mode during processing. Compared with the traditional shaft end sealing structure, the impeller-sealing integrated structure with zero clearance and small abrasion influence has important significance for further improving the efficiency, the safety reliability and the economy of the radial flow type impeller machine.
Claims (3)
1. The high-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for the radial-flow impeller machinery is characterized by comprising a static blade (1), a movable blade (2), a shell (3), a wheel back (4), a wheel cover (5), a sealing rotor (8) and a sealing stator (10); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the plurality of static blades (1) are fixed on the inner wall of the shell (3) and are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the impeller, and the plurality of movable blades (2) are uniformly distributed on the front surface of the impeller back (4); the wheel cover (5) is tightly attached to the stationary blade (1) to form a stationary blade flow channel; the wheel cover (5) is in clearance fit with the movable blade (2) to form a movable blade flow passage; the front end extension section of the wheel cover (5) forms a steam outlet chamber (6); the sealing rotor (8) is arranged on the back surface of the wheel back (4), the sealing stator (10) is fixed on the inner wall of the shell (3), and the sealing rotor (8) and the sealing stator (10) are in gapless fit to form an integrated impeller-sealing structure together; leakage gaps (7) are formed between the sealing rotor (8) and the sealing stator (10) and between the wheel back (4) and the sealing stator (10) and the shell (3) together;
the sealing rotor (8) adopts an axial conical boss structure, the ratio of the root diameter of the joint of the sealing rotor (8) and the wheel back (4) to the outer diameter of the wheel back (4) is 0.2-0.8, the ratio of the top diameter of the sealing rotor (8) to the root diameter is 0.3-0.7, and the ratio of the axial length of the sealing rotor (8) to the outer diameter of the wheel back (4) is 0.3-0.7;
the surface of the sealing rotor (8) is provided with sealing teeth (9), the number of the sealing teeth (9) is 4-15, and the ratio of the tooth thickness to the tooth height of the sealing teeth (9) is 0.1-2;
sealed stator (10) adopt removable structure, are fixed in on casing (3) through locating pin (11), and sealed stator (10) adopt cascaded structure, and the number of ladder corresponds with the number of sealed tooth (9), and the difference in height of adjacent ladder is 0.1 ~ 0.5 of sealed tooth (9) tooth height, and sealed stator (10) adopt high temperature resistant graphite material to make.
2. The integrated high-temperature and high-pressure resistant impeller-seal structure for radial flow impeller machines according to claim 1, characterized in that the seal teeth (9) comprise high and low teeth, oblique flat teeth, side teeth and longitudinal tree structures.
3. The high-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-seal structure for the radial flow type impeller machine according to claim 1, wherein the number of the positioning pins (11) is 2-8.
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| CN201910482517.1A CN110206592B (en) | 2019-06-04 | 2019-06-04 | High-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for radial-flow impeller machinery |
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| CN201910482517.1A CN110206592B (en) | 2019-06-04 | 2019-06-04 | High-temperature and high-pressure resistant integrated impeller-sealing structure for radial-flow impeller machinery |
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| CN111441827B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-04-19 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Closed centripetal turbine wheel cover-casing cavity structure for inhibiting leakage loss |
| CN114060104B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-12-19 | 北京动力机械研究所 | Stepped high-reliability long-service-life sealing structure for rotor of turbocharging system |
| CN114033502B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-09-12 | 北京动力机械研究所 | Low-leakage high-reliability rotor sealing structure of radial-flow turbocharging system |
| CN113944517B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-12-19 | 北京动力机械研究所 | Rotor sealing structure of local supercharged radial-flow turbocharging system |
| CN114856885B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-03-29 | 南方电网调峰调频发电有限公司检修试验分公司 | Step type sealing structure and water turbine |
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| JP2003227344A (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-08-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Turbocharger |
| CN108625917B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2024-05-24 | 西安交通大学 | Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power component cooling, sealing and heat insulating system |
| CN208870649U (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-05-17 | 中储国能(北京)技术有限公司 | Leakage stream loses sealing structure between a kind of control radial impeller-back cavity |
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