CN110205101A - A kind of phase-change accumulation energy porous material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of phase-change accumulation energy porous material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
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- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of phase-change accumulation energy porous materials and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of polymer materials.A kind of preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material, comprising the following steps: 1) prepare polyvinyl alcohol water solution；2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid, the mass ratio of phase-change microcapsule and polyvinyl alcohol is (1-5) in blended liquid: 1；3) blended liquid is stirred and is foamed, foam solution is made；4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.The present invention utilizes solution physical blending foaming method, adsorbance is low and with substrate combinating strength difference and phase-change material micro-capsule powder and the problems such as polymer foaming liquid blend uniformity and poor stability when solving porous material physical absorption phase-change microcapsule, the loading of phase-change material micro-capsule in the porous material and its bond strength with matrix are improved, ensure that the dispersing uniformity of phase-change material micro-capsule in the porous material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of phase-change energy storage, and in particular to a kind of phase-change accumulation energy porous material and its preparation side
Method.
Background technique
To meet the needs of snugness of fit, high-quality footwear material to conduct heat and perspire the thermal conditioning performance requirement of aspect compared with
Height, in addition the demand to the good foamed material of light and dimensional stability increasingly increases.Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) porous material tool
Have that biodegradable, heat-resisting, chemical resistance is excellent, dry state has the characteristics that biggish compression modulus and stretch modulus, can
Meet the good demand of light and dimensional stability for footwear material.But simple polyvinyl alcohol cellular material is not able to satisfy thermal conditioning
Performance requirement, research and develop have certain phase-change accumulation energy performance polyvinyl alcohol cellular material be particularly important.
Latent heat when phase-changing energy storage material can be using itself phase-state change realizes the storage, conversion and utilization of heat.?
In each industrial circle using can reach accumulation of heat temperature control, it is energy-saving the purpose of, and be coated on cyst wall for phase-change material as core material
Phase-change microcapsule material, which is inside made, can solve the problems, such as the amphicheirality and reversible of solid-liquid phase change material leakage and energy storage release
Property, it is the hot spot of using energy source and material science research both at home and abroad at present.And porous material has density low and large specific surface area
The features such as, it is compound with phase-change material, the energy storage density and rate of heat transfer of phase-change material can be improved, therefore phase-change accumulation energy is micro-
Capsule material and polyvinyl alcohol cellular Material cladding, which prepare phase-change accumulation energy porous material, can meet footwear material to thermal conditioning performance
High request.
It is at present to contain the immersion of molding porous material by the porous material method compound with Phase change energy storage microcapsule material
Have in the liquid of phase-change material, adsorbs phase-change material by the capillary effect and pore structure of porous material；Or phase transformation is stored up
Energy microscapsule powder, which is directly added into polymer matrix body again foamed processing, keeps phase-change material compound with porous material.Former side
Due to being to adsorb phase-change microcapsule after first pore-forming in method, the height of adsorbance and pore size, the size of microcapsules and concentration etc. have
It closes, and adsorbing is mostly physical absorption, microcapsules and porous material hole wall combination power are weaker；Later approach is by microcapsule powder
End is directly added into polymeric matrix blending, and there are microcapsules to disperse the problems such as uneven and matrix stablility is poor, and is being blended
Pore-forming condition easily causes effect microcapsule wall rupture to lead to the adverse effects such as core material phase-change material leakage when pore-forming afterwards.Therefore research is opened
Sending out aperture a kind of, phase-change accumulation energy porous material adjustable, that microcapsules loading is high, phase transition performance is excellent has necessity and meaning.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of phase-change accumulation energy porous material and its system are provided
Preparation Method.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
A kind of preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material, comprising the following steps:
1) polyvinyl alcohol water solution is configured；The mass percent concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 4%~10%；
2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in the polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid；Phase in the blended liquid
Become the mass ratio of microcapsules and polyvinyl alcohol as (1-5): 1
3) blended liquid is stirred and is foamed, foam solution is made；
4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.
Further, the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 25000~135000, alcoholysis degree 86%~99.9%.
Further, the phase-change microcapsule includes core materials and cyst material, and wherein core materials are hexadecane, ten
One of eight alkane, methyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, butyl stearate, cyst material are multicomponent isocyanate and polyalcohol
Class compound and polyhydric amine compounds react the polyurea/polyurethane composite shell resin to be formed.
Further, phase-change microcapsule mass percent in blend solution is 5~30%.
Further, speed of agitator is 500~2000r/min, mixing time 5-30min.
A kind of phase-change accumulation energy porous material that the preparation method according to above-mentioned phase-change accumulation energy porous material obtains.
Further, the micropore that aperture is 10~200 μm is evenly equipped on the phase-change accumulation energy porous material.
Further, the saturated water absorption of the phase-change accumulation energy porous material is 150%~400%, and water retention is
89.8%~95.6%.
Further, the phase transition temperature of the phase-change accumulation energy porous material is 20~60 DEG C, and latent heat of phase change is 20~70J/
g。
Further, the phase-change accumulation energy porous material, compressive strength are 5~20MPa, hardness 10-30HD.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
A kind of preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material of the invention is prepared with porous material physical absorption phase-change material
Compared with hole forming method is blended in polymer physics, the present invention, which is physically easier to perform, assigns foamed material changeable outer for method and phase-change material
See, foam structure, and can be improved phase-change material micro-capsule loading in the porous material and its and polymeric matrix combination
Active force.Chemical foaming agent is not used during the preparation process, and the compound polyvinyl alcohol used has been widely used for filtering absorption
Material, cleaning material, biological carrier materials, functional medicine material etc., phase-change microcapsule are widely used in aerospace, electronics device
Part heat dissipation, infrared camouflage, Solar use, building energy conservation etc., thus whole preparation process is mature, is easy to actual production and answers
With；In porous material physical absorption phase-change material the preparation method, the molding of polyvinyl alcohol cellular material and absorption phase-change material are divided into
Two steps, and be blended in hole forming method in phase-change material with polymer physics, phase-change material micro-capsule powder and polymer foaming
Liquid blend uniformity and stability are difficult to ensure, and the present invention is directly by phase-change material micro-capsule lotion and polyvinyl alcohol water solution
It is stirred after blending through physical mechanical and generates foam and molding is lyophilized, shortened the production cycle, improve phase-change material micro-capsule and exist
Loading in porous material and the bond strength with matrix ensure that the dispersion of phase-change material micro-capsule in the porous material is equal
Even property.And abscess in porous material can be controlled by changing ratio, speed of agitator and the time of polyvinyl alcohol and phase-change microcapsule
The content of size, density and phase-change material micro-capsule, to obtain different phase-change accumulation energy effects.The present invention utilizes physical blowing
Method, have the characteristics that cleaning, it is simple, at low cost, environmentally protective, be suitable for actual production process.Physical foaming method of the present invention
The phase-change accumulation energy porous material of different shape size, such as plate, sheet material, block variform can be prepared as needed, fitted
Ying Xingqiang.
A kind of phase-change accumulation energy porous material of the invention has many advantages, such as uniform foam cell and density is big, compression modulus is big, bubble
Pore size is 10~200 μm, and the saturated water absorption of the phase-change accumulation energy porous material is 150%~400%, water retention 90%
~96%, phase transition temperature is 20~60 DEG C, and latent heat of phase change is 20~70J/g, and compressive strength is 5~20MPa, hardness 10-
30HD.Phase-change accumulation energy porous material of the present invention has phase-transition heat-storage performance, can occur in ambient temperature locating for porous material
When variation, reversible storage or release thermal energy obtain the performance of thermal comfort regulation.In use, it can be according to shoes as porous material
Material form carries out adjustment appropriate, plays optimal phase-change accumulation energy and heat-accumulation temperature-adjustment performance, so as to be widely used in but simultaneously
It is not limited to footwear material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is phase-change accumulation energy porous material hole structure stereoscan photograph of the invention；
Fig. 2 is that phase-change material micro-capsule is distributed stereoscan photograph in phase-change accumulation energy porous material hole wall of the invention；
Fig. 3 is phase-change accumulation energy porous material differential scanning calorimetric curve of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
The embodiment of a part of the invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The model that the present invention protects all should belong in member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work
It encloses.
It should be noted that description and claims of this specification and term " first " in above-mentioned attached drawing, "
Two " etc. be to be used to distinguish similar objects, without being used to describe a particular order or precedence order.It should be understood that using in this way
Data be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so as to the embodiment of the present invention described herein can in addition to illustrating herein or
Sequence other than those of description is implemented.In addition, term " includes " and " having " and their any deformation, it is intended that cover
Cover it is non-exclusive include, for example, the process, method, system, product or equipment for containing a series of steps or units are not necessarily limited to
Step or unit those of is clearly listed, but may include be not clearly listed or for these process, methods, product
Or other step or units that equipment is intrinsic.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1
1) polyvinyl alcohol room temperature is soaked and is swollen, dissolved by heating and the polyvinyl alcohol water that mass percent concentration is 4% is made
Solution；The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 25000~135000, alcoholysis degree is 86%~99.9%；
2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid；Phase transformation is micro- in the blended liquid
The mass ratio of capsule and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1, and the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule is 5-6 μm, the core materials of phase-change microcapsule
For hexadecane, the cyst material of phase-change microcapsule is that multicomponent isocyanate is reacted with multicomponent alcoholics compound and polyhydric amine compounds
The polyurea/polyurethane composite shell resin of formation；
3) to phase-change material micro-capsule and polyvinyl alcohol blending liquid, high-speed stirred foams 10 points under the revolving speed of 1500r/min
Foam solution is made in clock；
4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.
Embodiment 2
1) polyvinyl alcohol room temperature is soaked and is swollen, dissolved by heating and the polyvinyl alcohol water that mass percent concentration is 6% is made
Solution；The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 25000~135000, alcoholysis degree is 86%~99.9%；
2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid；Phase transformation is micro- in the blended liquid
The mass ratio of capsule and polyvinyl alcohol is 2.5:1, and the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule is 6-8 μm, the capsule-core material of phase-change microcapsule
Material is octadecane, and the cyst material of phase-change microcapsule is that multicomponent isocyanate and multicomponent alcoholics compound and polyhydric amine compounds are anti-
The polyurea/polyurethane composite shell resin that should be formed；
3) to phase-change material micro-capsule and polyvinyl alcohol blending liquid, high-speed stirred foams 10 points under the revolving speed of 1000r/min
Foam solution is made in clock；
4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.
Embodiment 3
1) polyvinyl alcohol room temperature is soaked and is swollen, dissolved by heating and the polyvinyl alcohol water that mass percent concentration is 6% is made
Solution；The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 25000~135000, alcoholysis degree is 86%~99.9%；
2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid；Phase transformation is micro- in the blended liquid
The mass ratio of capsule and polyvinyl alcohol is 3:1, and the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule is 8-10 μm, the core materials of phase-change microcapsule
For methyl myristate, the cyst material of phase-change microcapsule is multicomponent isocyanate and multicomponent alcoholics compound and polyhydric amine compounds
React the polyurea/polyurethane composite shell resin formed；
3) to phase-change material micro-capsule and polyvinyl alcohol blending liquid, high-speed stirred foams 10 points under the revolving speed of 1500r/min
Foam solution is made in clock；
4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.
Embodiment 4
1) polyvinyl alcohol room temperature is soaked and is swollen, dissolved by heating and the polyvinyl alcohol water that mass percent concentration is 8% is made
Solution；The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 25000~135000, alcoholysis degree is 86%~99.9%；
2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid；Phase transformation is micro- in the blended liquid
The mass ratio of capsule and polyvinyl alcohol is 2:1, and the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule is 6-10 μm, the core materials of phase-change microcapsule
For ethyl palmitate, the cyst material of phase-change microcapsule is multicomponent isocyanate and multicomponent alcoholics compound and polyhydric amine compounds
React the polyurea/polyurethane composite shell resin formed；
3) to phase-change material micro-capsule and polyvinyl alcohol blending liquid, high-speed stirred foams 10 points under the revolving speed of 1000r/min
Foam solution is made in clock；
4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.
Embodiment 5
1) polyvinyl alcohol room temperature is soaked and is swollen, dissolved by heating and the polyvinyl alcohol water that mass percent concentration is 8% is made
Solution；The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 25000~135000, alcoholysis degree is 86%~99.9%；
2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid；Phase transformation is micro- in the blended liquid
The mass ratio of capsule and polyvinyl alcohol is 5:1, and the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule is 6-10 μm, the core materials of phase-change microcapsule
For butyl stearate, the cyst material of phase-change microcapsule is multicomponent isocyanate and multicomponent alcoholics compound and polyhydric amine compounds
React the polyurea/polyurethane composite shell resin formed；
3) to phase-change material micro-capsule and polyvinyl alcohol blending liquid, high-speed stirred foams 10 points under the revolving speed of 1500r/min
Foam solution is made in clock；
4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.
Embodiment 6
1) polyvinyl alcohol room temperature is soaked and is swollen, dissolved by heating and the polyvinyl alcohol water that mass percent concentration is 10% is made
Solution；The molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 25000~135000, alcoholysis degree is 86%~99.9%；
2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid；Phase transformation is micro- in the blended liquid
The mass ratio of capsule and polyvinyl alcohol is 4:1, and the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule is 6-8 μm, the diameter of the phase-change microcapsule
It is 6-10 μm, the core materials of phase-change microcapsule are methyl myristate, and the cyst material of phase-change microcapsule is multicomponent isocyanate
The polyurea/polyurethane composite shell resin to be formed is reacted with multicomponent alcoholics compound and polyhydric amine compounds；
3) to phase-change material micro-capsule and polyvinyl alcohol blending liquid, high-speed stirred foams 10 points under the revolving speed of 1500r/min
Foam solution is made in clock；
4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.
The performance for the phase-change accumulation energy porous material that embodiment 1- embodiment 6 is prepared is shown in Table 1, as can be seen from Table 1 phase
The abscess-size for becoming energy storage porous material is smaller, is 50-200 μm.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is phase-change accumulation energy porous material hole structure figure of the invention, and phase-change accumulation energy is more as seen from the figure
Foam structure abundant in Porous materials structure, abscess-size have equally distributed phase transformation less than 200 μm in each pore structure
Material microcapsule.Water imbibition takes the cylinder porous body material of the 2cm of test height when testing be sample, claims its dry state matter first
Amount, then submerges sample in distilled water at room temperature, takes out the water that foam sucks its surface with filter paper at regular intervals
Point, after quickly weighing and recording its quality, continue for sample to be immersed in distilled water, until sample reaches water suction saturation, finally
According to calculated inclusion water absorption rate.Include water absorption rate calculation formula are as follows:
Include water absorption rate (%)=(m1-m0)/m0
In formula: m0Phase-change accumulation energy porous material quality, g when-dry state；m1Phase-change accumulation energy porous material matter after-water suction saturation
Amount, g.
Water-retaining property, which will reach in the test of foam water imbibition when testing, inhales water saturated phase-change accumulation energy porous material and is put into centrifugation
(plastic sheet not absorbed water can be put into centrifugation bottom of the tube and carry out adjustment), be centrifuged 5 minutes with the revolving speed of 3000rpm to remove in pipe
The moisture in phase-change accumulation energy porous material structure is removed, the moisture of sample surfaces is then sucked with filter paper, phase transformation after centrifugation can be measured
The quality of energy storage porous material.Water retention is calculated according to formula (2-2):
Water retention (%)=(m2-m0)/(m1-m0)
In formula: m2- phase-change accumulation energy porous material the quality after being centrifuged, g；m1The porous material of phase-change accumulation energy after-water suction saturation
The quality of material, g；m0The porous quality of polyvinyl alcohol phase-change accumulation energy, g when-dry state.
Using DSC1 type differential scanning calorimeter to the porous phase-change material of polyvinyl alcohol phase-change accumulation energy after being completely dried into
Row thermal performance test, using differential scanning calorimetry (Differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) to phase transformation
Energy storage porous material carries out heat analysis.
It is 2cm that phase-change accumulation energy porous material prepared by the present invention, which is cut into diameter, is highly the cylindrical body of 1.5cm, electricity consumption
Minor universal testing machine tests the compressive strength of foamed material.
The performance for the phase-change accumulation energy porous material that 1 embodiment 1- embodiment 6 of table is prepared
Porous material prepared by the present invention can regulate and control in the larger context compared to other methods abscess-size, and
With preferable water suction, water conservation.Compressive strength is higher, at the same porous material prepared by the present invention vary with temperature it is with higher
Latent heat of phase change.In conclusion phase-change accumulation energy porous material of the present invention has, abscess-size is uniform, pore structure is small, compressive strength is big
The advantages that；And the porous material with different phase-change accumulation energy performances, such as plate, sheet material, block, energy can be prepared as required
Enough it is widely used in but is not limited to footwear material.Invention solution physical blending mechanical stirring forming hole method, solves porous material object
When reason absorption phase-change microcapsule adsorbance it is low and with substrate combinating strength difference and phase-change material micro-capsule powder and polymer hair
Steep liquid blend uniformity and the problems such as poor stability, improve phase-change material micro-capsule loading in the porous material and its with
The bond strength of matrix ensure that the dispersing uniformity of phase-change material micro-capsule in the porous material.It is processed suitable for actual production.
Referring to fig. 2, Fig. 2 is phase-change material micro-capsule distribution map in phase-change accumulation energy porous material hole wall of the invention, can be with
Find out that phase-change microcapsule is evenly distributed in hole wall, and is tightly combined with polyvinyl alcohol cellular material matrix.
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is phase-change accumulation energy porous material differential scanning calorimetric curve of the invention, it can be seen that prepared
Phase-change accumulation energy porous material has significant melting enthalpy and crystallization enthalpy, has preferable phase-change accumulation energy performance.
The above content is merely illustrative of the invention's technical idea, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all to press
According to technical idea proposed by the present invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within claims of the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material, which comprises the following steps:
1) polyvinyl alcohol water solution is configured；The mass percent concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 4%~10%；
2) phase-change microcapsule lotion is added in the polyvinyl alcohol water solution, obtains blended liquid；Phase transformation is micro- in the blended liquid
The mass ratio of capsule and polyvinyl alcohol is (1-5): 1；
3) blended liquid is stirred and is foamed, obtain foam solution；
4) foam solution is freeze-dried, phase-change accumulation energy porous material is made.
2. the preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 1)
The molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol is 25000~135000, alcoholysis degree is 86%~99.9%.
3. the preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 2)
The core materials of phase-change microcapsule are one of hexadecane, octadecane, methyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, butyl stearate；
The cyst material of phase-change microcapsule be multicomponent isocyanate reacted with multicomponent alcoholics compound and polyhydric amine compounds to be formed gather
Urea/polyurethane composite shell resin.
4. the preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 2)
The diameter of phase-change microcapsule is 5~10 μm.
5. the preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3), stirring
Revolving speed is 500~2000r/min, mixing time 5-30min.
6. a kind of phase-change accumulation energy that the preparation method of phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 1-5 obtains
Porous material.
7. phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that being evenly equipped with aperture thereon is 10~200 μ
The micropore of m.
8. phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that its saturated water absorption be 150%~
400%, water retention is 89.8%~95.6%.
9. phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that its phase transition temperature is 20~60 DEG C, phase
Change latent heat is 20~70J/g.
10. phase-change accumulation energy porous material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that its compressive strength is 5~20MPa, firmly
Degree is 10-30HD.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN114907818A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-16 | 安徽理工大学 | Phase change microcapsule encapsulated by silicon dioxide coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN115651263A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-31 | 睿惢思工业科技（苏州）有限公司 | Production method of heat-insulating phase-change energy storage material |
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