CN110202250B - Welding and sealing method and application of superconducting wire - Google Patents
Welding and sealing method and application of superconducting wire Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 5
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- RQCJDSANJOCRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Ag] Chemical compound [Mn].[Ag] RQCJDSANJOCRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于超导材料技术领域，具体涉及一种超导导线的焊封方法及应用。The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting materials, and in particular relates to a welding and sealing method and application of a superconducting wire.
背景技术Background technique
粉末装管法是一种常用的、适合于大规模制备的超导导线的制备方法，广泛地应用于MgB2、Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox、Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox和铁基超导体等的超导导线制备。这些超导导线包括圆线、带材或方形等多种形式。粉体在装入金属管后较为松散，存在间隙气体和表面吸附气体，在烧结过程中反应物原材料还可能会挥发气体，这些气体在常压烧结中往往会形成大量的孔洞，甚至导致导线包覆金属破损鼓包的现象。孔洞和鼓包的存在会阻碍超导电流的传输，极大地损害超导导线的载流性能。The powder tube method is a commonly used method for preparing superconducting wires suitable for large-scale production, and is widely used in MgB 2 , Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 Ox, Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x and iron Preparation of superconducting wires such as base superconductors. These superconducting wires come in various forms such as round wire, strip or square. The powder is relatively loose after being loaded into the metal tube, and there are interstitial gases and surface adsorption gases. During the sintering process, the raw materials of the reactants may also volatilize gases. These gases tend to form a large number of holes during normal pressure sintering, and even lead to wire wraps. The phenomenon that the metal cladding is damaged and bulged. The existence of holes and bulges can hinder the transmission of superconducting current and greatly impair the current-carrying properties of superconducting wires.
热等静压法在烧结过程中通过高压气体对导线施加等静压力，是一种有效消除孔洞和鼓包现象的烧结工艺。为了保证导线内外的有效压强差，以达到对导线内部的超导材料施加等静压力的目的，需要将超导导线的两端进行良好的焊封。The hot isostatic pressing method applies isostatic pressure to the wire through high pressure gas during the sintering process, which is a sintering process that effectively eliminates the phenomenon of holes and bulges. In order to ensure the effective pressure difference between the inside and outside of the wire, so as to achieve the purpose of applying isostatic pressure to the superconducting material inside the wire, both ends of the superconducting wire need to be well welded.
目前常用的焊封方法主要有氩弧焊、电子束焊、激光束焊、在熔融银中点蘸等方法。但是氩弧焊方法对设备要求高、操作繁琐、耗时长、焊封的可靠性较差，同时，由于氩弧焊温度高，材料的性能易受影响；点蘸熔融银方法要求金属包套与银具有较好的浸润性，对于熔融银的温度和点蘸的时间都有较高的要求，对操作人员的熟练度要求高，且实际试验发现该法的焊封可靠性较差；电子束焊和激光束焊的设备成本很高，对操作人员素质要求高；超声波点焊技术具有操作简单、工作稳定可靠、美观、对操作人员的素质要求较少，但是超声波点焊技术多应用于电池和五金制品业，目前还没有将超声波点焊技术应用到超导技术领域的相关研究。At present, the commonly used welding methods mainly include argon arc welding, electron beam welding, laser beam welding, and spot dipping in molten silver. However, the argon arc welding method has high equipment requirements, cumbersome operation, long time consumption, and poor welding reliability. At the same time, due to the high argon arc welding temperature, the properties of the material are easily affected; Silver has good wettability, and has high requirements for the temperature of molten silver and the time of dipping, and requires high proficiency of operators, and the actual test found that the welding reliability of this method is poor; electron beam The equipment cost of welding and laser beam welding is very high, and the quality of operators is high; ultrasonic spot welding technology has the advantages of simple operation, stable and reliable work, beautiful appearance, and less requirements for the quality of operators, but ultrasonic spot welding technology is mostly used in batteries And the hardware industry, there is no relevant research on the application of ultrasonic spot welding technology to the field of superconducting technology.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的超导导线的焊封性较差、超导芯易受焊接方法和温度的影响等缺陷，从而提供一种超导导线的焊封方法及应用。Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art such as the poor solderability of the superconducting wire, and the superconducting core being easily affected by the soldering method and temperature, thereby providing a kind of solder sealing of the superconducting wire. methods and applications.
为此，本发明提供了以下技术方案。To this end, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
本发明提供了一种超声波点焊在焊封超导导线中的应用。The invention provides the application of ultrasonic spot welding in welding and sealing superconducting wires.
本发明还提供了一种焊封超导导线的方法，所述超导导线包括超导体和包覆所述超导体的外层金属层，该方法包括，The present invention also provides a method for welding and sealing a superconducting wire, the superconducting wire comprising a superconductor and an outer metal layer covering the superconductor, the method comprising:
制备或组装超导导线，使所述外层金属层的两端均长于所述超导体两端，以形成预留的待焊接区；preparing or assembling a superconducting wire, so that both ends of the outer metal layer are longer than both ends of the superconductor, so as to form a reserved area to be welded;
冷加工所述待焊接区成带状区；cold working the to-be-welded area into a band-like area;
超声波点焊所述带状区实现超导导线的焊接。The superconducting wire is welded by ultrasonic spot welding of the strip area.
所述待焊接区内装填金属材料以封堵所述超导体。The to-be-welded area is filled with metal material to block the superconductor.
所述待焊接区的长度为2-10cm。The length of the to-be-welded area is 2-10 cm.
所述带状区的厚度为不大于0.6mm。The thickness of the strip-shaped region is not more than 0.6 mm.
所述带状区的厚度为0.1-0.6mm。The thickness of the strip region is 0.1-0.6 mm.
进一步地，超导体与外层金属层间还设置有包覆所述超导体的内层金属层。Further, an inner metal layer covering the superconductor is also arranged between the superconductor and the outer metal layer.
所述待焊接区内装填的金属材料比外层金属的硬度小、塑性好；The metal material filled in the to-be-welded area is smaller in hardness and better in plasticity than the outer metal;
所述待焊接区内装填的金属材料与所述超导体外层金属的共熔点不低于超导导线在实际应用中经热等静压烧结的热处理温度。The eutectic point of the metal material filled in the to-be-welded area and the metal of the outer layer of the superconductor is not lower than the heat treatment temperature of the superconducting wire sintered by hot isostatic pressing in practical application.
所述冷加工方法包括冷压、冲压成型、平辊轧制或圆辊轧制；The cold working method includes cold pressing, stamping forming, flat roll rolling or round roll rolling;
所述待焊接区的点位为2-6个；The points of the to-be-welded area are 2-6;
所述点位的间隔不大于3mm。The interval between the points is not more than 3mm.
进一步地，冷加工后包覆所述超导体的外层金属部分的形状为线状、带状或方形；Further, the shape of the outer layer metal part covering the superconductor after cold working is linear, strip or square;
所述线状外径不大于2mm；The linear outer diameter is not more than 2mm;
所述方形的边长不大于3.5mm，不小于0.2mm；The side length of the square is not more than 3.5mm and not less than 0.2mm;
所述外层金属为铜、铁、哈氏合金、镍合金、不锈钢、铌或银合金；The outer metal is copper, iron, Hastelloy, nickel alloy, stainless steel, niobium or silver alloy;
所述内层金属为铜、银或铌。The inner layer metal is copper, silver or niobium.
进一步地，所述制备或组装超导导线时，所述制备方法包括对外层金属的两端进行加工，以形成预留的待焊接区。Further, during the preparation or assembly of the superconducting wire, the preparation method includes processing both ends of the outer metal to form a reserved area to be welded.
所述待焊接区的材质为金属材料。The material of the to-be-welded area is metal material.
所述冷加工时，轧制道次与金属的材质有关；During the cold working, the rolling pass is related to the material of the metal;
当外层金属为铜、内层金属为银时，轧制道次没有要求；When the outer metal is copper and the inner metal is silver, there is no requirement for rolling passes;
当外层金属为铁、内层金属为银时，轧制道次不少于3次。When the outer metal is iron and the inner metal is silver, the rolling passes are not less than 3 times.
本发明技术方案，具有如下优点：The technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:
1.本发明提供的超声波点焊在焊封超导导线中的应用，创造性地将超声波点焊技术应用在超导材料中，超声波点焊操作简单、对操作人员素质要求少、焊封性好、时间短、焊区小，对超导材料的性能无影响。1. The application of ultrasonic spot welding provided by the present invention in welding and sealing superconducting wires, creatively applying ultrasonic spot welding technology to superconducting materials, ultrasonic spot welding is simple to operate, requires less quality of operators, and has good sealing performance , The time is short, the welding area is small, and the performance of the superconducting material is not affected.
2.本发明提供的焊封超导导线的方法，超导导线包括超导体和包覆所述超导体的外层金属层，该方法包括，制备或组装超导导线，使所述外层金属层的两端增均长于所述超导体两端，以形成预留的待焊接区；冷加工所述待焊接区成带状区；超声波点焊所述带状区实现超导导线的焊接。该方法制备的超导导线的焊封性好，焊封过程对超导导线的性能无影响，且经热等静压烧结后导线不会出现孔洞和鼓包等问题。在超导导线两端的焊封区进行焊封，由于超声波点焊焊区小，不会对超导导线的性能产生影响，且超导导线的焊封性好；2. The method for welding and sealing a superconducting wire provided by the present invention, the superconducting wire comprises a superconductor and an outer metal layer covering the superconductor, the method comprises, preparing or assembling a superconducting wire, making the outer metal layer of the superconducting wire. Both ends are longer than both ends of the superconductor to form a reserved to-be-welded area; the to-be-welded area is cold-worked into a strip-shaped area; the strip-shaped area is ultrasonically spot welded to realize the welding of the superconducting wire. The superconducting wire prepared by the method has good welding and sealing properties, the welding and sealing process has no influence on the performance of the superconducting wire, and the wire does not have problems such as holes and bulges after being sintered by hot isostatic pressing. The welding and sealing areas at both ends of the superconducting wire are welded. Since the ultrasonic spot welding area is small, it will not affect the performance of the superconducting wire, and the welding and sealing performance of the superconducting wire is good;
超声波金属点焊机通过压头结构将超声波高频振动能量作用于工件表面，使工件间发生高频摩擦，同时对工件施加压力，获得良好熔合的焊接效果。焊接区为带状区更适合超声波点焊技术。The ultrasonic metal spot welding machine applies ultrasonic high-frequency vibration energy to the surface of the workpiece through the indenter structure, so that high-frequency friction occurs between the workpieces, and at the same time, pressure is applied to the workpiece to obtain a good fusion welding effect. The welding area is a strip area, which is more suitable for ultrasonic spot welding technology.
3.本发明提供的焊封超导导线的方法，创造性地将超声波点焊技术应用在超导材料中；在超导导线的焊接区采用超声波点焊的方法进行焊封，得到的超导导线的焊封性好，经热等静压烧结后不存在孔洞和鼓包。3. The method for welding and sealing a superconducting wire provided by the present invention creatively applies the ultrasonic spot welding technology to the superconducting material; the welding area of the superconducting wire is welded by the method of ultrasonic spot welding, and the obtained superconducting wire is The welding and sealing performance is good, and there are no holes and bulges after hot isostatic pressing.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings required in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
图1是本发明实施例1中超导导线的结构示意图；其中，5为超导导线的待焊接区，1-外层金属，2-装填金属；3-内层金属，4-超导体；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the superconducting wire in the embodiment of the present invention 1; Wherein, 5 is the area to be welded of the superconducting wire, 1-outer layer metal, 2-filling metal; 3-inner layer metal, 4-superconductor;
图2是本发明对比例1中超导导线的结构示意图，其中，1-外层金属，3-内层金属，4-超导体；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the superconducting wire in the comparative example 1 of the present invention, wherein, 1-outer layer metal, 3-inner layer metal, 4-superconductor;
图3是本发明实施例1和对比例1制得的超导导线经热等静压烧结后在不同的外加磁场下的临界电流；Fig. 3 is the critical current of the superconducting wires prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention after hot isostatic pressing and sintering under different external magnetic fields;
图4是本发明实施例2制得的超导导线经热等静压烧结后在不同的外加磁场下的临界电流密度；4 is the critical current density of the superconducting wire prepared in Example 2 of the present invention after hot isostatic pressing sintering under different external magnetic fields;
图5是本发明实施例3制得的超导导线经热等静压烧结后在不同的外加磁场下的临界电流密度；5 is the critical current density of the superconducting wire prepared in Example 3 of the present invention after hot isostatic pressing sintering under different external magnetic fields;
图6是本发明实施例4制得的超导导线经热等静压烧结后在不同的外加磁场下的临界电流密度。6 is the critical current density of the superconducting wire prepared in Example 4 of the present invention after being sintered by hot isostatic pressing under different applied magnetic fields.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明，并不局限于所述最佳实施方式，不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制，任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention, and are not limited to the best embodiments, and do not limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention obtained by combining with the features of other prior art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。If the specific experimental steps or conditions are not indicated in the examples, it can be carried out according to the operations or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in this field. The reagents or instruments used without the manufacturer's indication are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained from the market.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供了一种焊封超导导线的方法，具体为：This embodiment provides a method for welding and sealing superconducting wires, specifically:
所述超导导线包括超导体、外层金属和内层金属，所述超导体为Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2，所述外层金属为铜，所述内层金属为银；结构示意图见图1；The superconducting wire includes a superconductor, an outer metal and an inner metal, the superconductor is Ba 0.6 K 0.4 Fe 2 As 2 , the outer metal is copper, and the inner metal is silver; the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1 ;
所述超导导线的两端设置待焊接区，所述待焊接区的形状为带状、厚度为0.4mm，每端待焊接区的长度为5cm；The two ends of the superconducting wire are provided with areas to be welded, the shape of the areas to be welded is band-like, the thickness is 0.4mm, and the length of the areas to be welded at each end is 5cm;
所述焊封超导导线的方法包括，The method for soldering a superconducting wire includes,
使外层金属层两端长于超导体两端，每端预留5cm形成待焊接区，然后将将退火后的银作为填装金属，放入待焊接区；Make the two ends of the outer metal layer longer than the two ends of the superconductor, reserve 5cm at each end to form the area to be welded, and then use the annealed silver as the filling metal and put it into the area to be welded;
采用圆辊轧制的方法对待焊接区进行冷加工，轧制4次后形成厚度为0.4mm的带状区，其中包覆超导体的外层金属部分为线状，外径为1.5mm；The area to be welded is cold worked by the method of round roll rolling, and after 4 times of rolling, a strip area with a thickness of 0.4mm is formed, in which the outer metal part of the coating superconductor is linear and the outer diameter is 1.5mm;
采用超声波点焊的方法在超导材料的待焊接区分别进行点焊后制得超导材料，每个焊接区的点位为4个，间隔为1mm。The superconducting material is obtained by spot welding the areas to be welded of the superconducting material by ultrasonic spot welding. The welding area has 4 points and the interval is 1 mm.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提供了一种焊封超导导线的方法，具体为：This embodiment provides a method for welding and sealing superconducting wires, specifically:
所述超导导线包括超导体和外层金属，所述超导体为MgB2，所述外层金属为铌；The superconducting wire includes a superconductor and an outer metal, the superconductor is MgB 2 , and the outer metal is niobium;
所述超导导线的两端设置待焊接区，所述待焊接区的形状为带状、厚度为0.2mm，每端待焊接区的长度为4cm；The two ends of the superconducting wire are provided with areas to be welded, the shape of the areas to be welded is band-like, the thickness is 0.2mm, and the length of the areas to be welded at each end is 4cm;
所述焊封超导导线的方法包括，The method for soldering a superconducting wire includes,
使外层金属层两端长于超导体两端，每端预留4cm形成待焊接区，然后将将退火后的铜作为填装金属，放入待焊接区；Make the two ends of the outer metal layer longer than the two ends of the superconductor, reserve 4cm at each end to form the area to be welded, and then use the annealed copper as the filling metal and put it into the area to be welded;
采用圆辊轧制的方法对待焊接区进行冷加工，轧制1次后形成厚度为0.2mm的带状区，其中包覆超导体的外层金属部分为长方体，其横截面为1*1mm；The area to be welded is cold worked by the method of round roll rolling, and a strip area with a thickness of 0.2mm is formed after rolling once, and the outer metal part of the superconductor is a cuboid, and its cross section is 1*1mm;
采用超声波点焊的方法在超导导线的待焊接区分别进行点焊后制得超导材料，每个焊接区的点位为3个，间隔为2mm。The superconducting material is obtained by spot welding the areas to be welded of the superconducting wire by means of ultrasonic spot welding. There are 3 points in each welding area, and the interval is 2 mm.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例提供了一种焊封超导导线的方法，具体为：This embodiment provides a method for welding and sealing superconducting wires, specifically:
所述超导导线包括超导体、外层金属和内层金属，所述超导体为Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox，所述外层金属为银锰合金，所述内层金属为银；The superconducting wire includes a superconductor, an outer metal and an inner metal, the superconductor is Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x , the outer metal is a silver-manganese alloy, and the inner metal is silver;
所述超导导线的两端分别设置待焊接区，所述待焊接区的形状为带状、厚度为0.3mm，每端待焊接区的长度为5cm；The two ends of the superconducting wire are respectively provided with areas to be welded, the shape of the area to be welded is a strip, the thickness is 0.3mm, and the length of the area to be welded at each end is 5cm;
所述焊封超导导线的方法包括，The method for soldering a superconducting wire includes,
使外层金属层两端长于超导体两端，每端预留5cm形成待焊接区，然后将将退火后的银作为填装金属，放入待焊接区；Make the two ends of the outer metal layer longer than the two ends of the superconductor, reserve 5cm at each end to form the area to be welded, and then use the annealed silver as the filling metal and put it into the area to be welded;
采用圆辊轧制的方法对待焊接区进行冷加工，轧制3次后形成厚度为0.3mm的带状区，其中包覆超导体的外层金属部分为线状，外径为1mm；The to-be-welded area is cold-worked by the method of round roll rolling, and a strip-shaped area with a thickness of 0.3 mm is formed after rolling for 3 times, wherein the outer metal part of the coating superconductor is linear and the outer diameter is 1 mm;
采用超声波点焊的方法在超导导线的待焊接区分别进行点焊后制得超导导线，每个焊接区的点位为5个，间隔为1mm。The superconducting wire is obtained by spot welding the to-be-welded areas of the superconducting wire by means of ultrasonic spot welding.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例提供了一种焊封超导导线的方法，具体为：This embodiment provides a method for welding and sealing superconducting wires, specifically:
所述超导导线包括超导体、外层金属和内层金属，所述超导体为Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2，所述外层金属为铜，所述内层金属为银；The superconducting wire includes a superconductor, an outer metal and an inner metal, the superconductor is Ba 0.6 K 0.4 Fe 2 As 2 , the outer metal is copper, and the inner metal is silver;
所述超导导线的两端设置待焊接区，所述待焊接区的形状为带状、厚度为0.4mm，每端待焊接区的长度为5cm；The two ends of the superconducting wire are provided with areas to be welded, the shape of the areas to be welded is band-like, the thickness is 0.4mm, and the length of the areas to be welded at each end is 5cm;
所述焊封超导导线的方法包括，The method for soldering a superconducting wire includes,
使外层金属层两端长于超导体两端，每端预留5cm形成待焊接区；Make the two ends of the outer metal layer longer than the two ends of the superconductor, and reserve 5cm at each end to form the area to be welded;
采用圆辊轧制的方法对待焊接区进行冷加工，轧制4次后形成厚度为0.4mm的带状区，其中包覆超导体的外层金属部分为线状，外径为1.5mm；The area to be welded is cold worked by the method of round roll rolling, and after 4 times of rolling, a strip area with a thickness of 0.4mm is formed, in which the outer metal part of the coating superconductor is linear and the outer diameter is 1.5mm;
采用超声波点焊的方法在超导材料的待焊接区分别进行点焊后制得超导材料，每个焊接区的点位为4个，间隔为1mm。The superconducting material is obtained by spot welding the areas to be welded of the superconducting material by ultrasonic spot welding. The welding area has 4 points and the interval is 1 mm.
对比例1Comparative Example 1
本对比例提供了一种焊封超导导线的方法，包括超导体、外层金属和内层金属，所述超导体为Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2，所述外层金属为铜，所述内层金属为银；(材质与实施例1相同)，结构见图2；This comparative example provides a method for welding and sealing a superconducting wire, which includes a superconductor, an outer metal and an inner metal, the superconductor is Ba 0.6 K 0.4 Fe 2 As 2 , the outer metal is copper, and the inner metal is copper. The layer metal is silver; (the material is the same as in Example 1), and the structure is shown in Figure 2;
焊封超导导线的方法包括，采用超声波点焊的方法对超导导线进行点焊，然后制得超导材料，间隔为1mm。The method for welding and sealing the superconducting wire includes spot welding the superconducting wire by means of ultrasonic spot welding, and then preparing the superconducting material with an interval of 1 mm.
试验例Test example
本试验例提供了实施例1和对比例1制得的超导导线经热等静压烧结工艺后的性能测试及测试结果，具体为，This test example provides the performance test and test results of the superconducting wires prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after hot isostatic pressing sintering process, specifically,
超导导线热等静压烧结的工艺为：The process of hot isostatic pressing of superconducting wire is:
采用均匀升温、随温升压的方式，2小时升温至700℃，气氛压力升至200MPa，气氛为高纯氩气，保温保压4小时。然后，均匀降温至20℃，降温时长为4小时，随温降压至10MPa。最终残余的高压气体通过手动方式排出炉腔。Using the method of uniform heating and increasing pressure with temperature, the temperature was raised to 700 ° C in 2 hours, the atmosphere pressure was increased to 200 MPa, the atmosphere was high-purity argon, and the temperature was maintained for 4 hours. Then, the temperature was evenly lowered to 20 °C, the cooling time was 4 hours, and the pressure was reduced to 10 MPa with the temperature. The final residual high-pressure gas is manually exhausted from the furnace cavity.
硬度测试：先将样品进行镶嵌、磨样和抛光，利用维氏硬度仪测试其超导芯部的维氏硬度值，多点测试取平均值；Hardness test: first inlay, grind and polish the sample, use a Vickers hardness tester to test the Vickers hardness value of the superconducting core, and take the average value of multi-point tests;
临界电流测试：在4.2K温度下进行，采用四引线法测试，分别测试样品在不同的外加磁场下的临界电流Ic，失超判据为1μV/cm。Jc为超导体单位横截面积承载的临界电流，即Jc＝Ic/S超导体；Critical current test: carried out at a temperature of 4.2K, using the four-lead method to test the critical current I c of the sample under different external magnetic fields, and the quench criterion is 1 μV/cm. J c is the critical current carried per unit cross-sectional area of the superconductor, that is, J c =I c /S superconductor ;
测试结果说明：Test result description:
实施例1超导导线的超导体硬度平均值为246，对比例1超导导线的超导体硬度的平均值为67，硬度值的高低直接反应了导线焊封效果的优劣，说明本发明提供的预留待焊接区方法制得的超导导线的焊封效果优于对比例1中无预留焊接区方法制得的超导导线；The average value of the superconductor hardness of the superconducting wire of Example 1 is 246, and the average value of the hardness of the superconducting wire of the superconducting wire of Comparative Example 1 is 67, and the level of the hardness value directly reflects the quality of the wire welding and sealing effect. The welding effect of the superconducting wire prepared by the method of leaving the welding area is better than that of the superconducting wire prepared by the method without the welding area reserved in Comparative Example 1;
图3为本发明实施例1和对比例1制得的超导导线经热等静压烧结后的临界电流，从图3中可以看出，实施例1的超导导线的临界电流高出对比例1中的超导导线的临界电流约一个数量级，说明实施例1的超导导线的载流性能较为优异；Figure 3 is the critical current of the superconducting wires prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after hot isostatic pressing sintering. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the critical current of the superconducting wires in Example 1 is higher than that of The critical current of the superconducting wire in Example 1 is about an order of magnitude, indicating that the superconducting wire of Example 1 has excellent current-carrying performance;
因此，本发明创造性地将超声波点焊技术应用在超导材料中，提高超导导线的焊封性的同时不影响超导导线的性能。Therefore, the present invention creatively applies the ultrasonic spot welding technology to the superconducting material, so as to improve the welding sealability of the superconducting wire without affecting the performance of the superconducting wire.
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, and are not intended to limit the implementation manner. For those of ordinary skill in the art, changes or modifications in other different forms can also be made on the basis of the above description. There is no need and cannot be exhaustive of all implementations here. However, the obvious changes or changes derived from this are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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