CN110202248B - Welding device and method for dissimilar materials - Google Patents
Welding device and method for dissimilar materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN110202248B CN110202248B CN201910441794.8A CN201910441794A CN110202248B CN 110202248 B CN110202248 B CN 110202248B CN 201910441794 A CN201910441794 A CN 201910441794A CN 110202248 B CN110202248 B CN 110202248B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a welding device and a method for dissimilar materials, wherein a base of the welding device and a guide rail on the base are in sliding fit with a pair of clamps, the pair of clamps are fixedly connected with an electromagnetic welding device, a spraying device for spraying on the surface of a material is arranged above the guide rail, a pipe fitting to be welded is clamped by the clamps through the device, the spraying device is used for spraying on an inner pipe of the pipe fitting to be welded, induced current is induced in a region to be welded of an outer pipe to be welded through the electromagnetic welding device, a Lorentz force along the radial direction is formed, the inner surface of the outer pipe fitting to be welded is impacted on the inner pipe fitting to be welded with the spraying material at a high speed, and a welding joint is formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a welding device and a method for dissimilar materials, and particularly relates to a method for spraying a layer of material on the surface of a workpiece to be welded of the dissimilar materials and then carrying out electromagnetic welding.
Background
Welding of dissimilar materials is largely divided into the following categories: 1. welding dissimilar metals; 2. welding metal and nonmetal; 3. welding of non-metals and non-metals.
1. For dissimilar metal welding, brittle intermetallic compounds are easily formed between two metals, which can greatly reduce the quality of the weld, for example: other welding methods such as explosion welding, friction stir welding and the like all produce brittle Al-Mg intermetallic compounds. Meanwhile, for welding of metal materials with larger linear expansion coefficient difference, the larger the thermal expansion coefficient is, the larger the shrinkage is during cooling, and the larger welding stress is generated at a welding interface. The materials on the two sides of the welding line bear different stress states, so that cracks are easily generated on the welding line, the cracks are accumulated, and even the welding line and the base material are peeled off. For welding dissimilar metal pipe fittings, two metals with different potentials are contacted with each other and exposed to a solution environment, and electrochemical corrosion is easily caused at the interface of the two metals, so that the welding interface is reduced.
2. For welding of metal and nonmetal, the effect of connection is not easy to achieve in a welding mode, and the connection is mainly achieved in the modes of gluing, flange connection and the like.
3. For non-metallic materials and non-metallic welding, a connection means is used to join thermoplastic materials by heating, high temperature or high pressure. However, for thermosetting plastics, the thermosetting plastics are in a cross-linked structure after being cured and molded, and cannot be melted and reshaped again, so the thermosetting plastics cannot be welded, and the thermosetting plastics are mainly in the forms of cementing, flange connection and the like.
The electromagnetic welding method is that capacitor set is used to discharge through induction coil, which can produce strong induction current on the workpiece to be welded to make the workpiece produce a great speed in radial area, and in very short time, the two workpieces collide with each other to make the atoms on the surfaces of the two workpieces reach the distance between atoms, and finally form stable metallurgical combination between the two workpieces.
For electromagnetic pulse welding of dissimilar metals, although the size of the transition zone can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters, brittle intermetallic compounds are inevitably generated; for electromagnetic welding of dissimilar metal pipe fittings, electrochemical corrosion is extremely easy to cause at the joint, thereby reducing the welding joint. For the connection of two pipes having large pipe diameters, which are connected by electromagnetic welding, it is often necessary to reduce one pipe greatly, which adversely affects the welding of the pipes, such as wrinkling, cracking, etc.
For electromagnetic pulse welding between nonmetallic and nonmetallic materials, firstly, induction current cannot be induced in nonmetallic materials or is smaller through a coil by electromagnetic pulse welding, so that a good welding effect cannot be achieved, and secondly, nonmetallic and nonmetallic materials cannot form a good welding joint through magnetic pulse welding.
For magnetic pulse welding between metal and non-metal, the metal and non-metal cannot form an electromagnetic weld joint or the strength of the formed joint is weak.
The spraying is to accelerate the powder or molten liquid drop under the action of high pressure or electromagnetic force to spray the powder or molten material onto the workpiece to be sprayed, and the sprayed material has different forms of powder, belt, rod, etc. and may be metal, alloy, non-metal material, etc. And the thickness of the sprayed coating is between a few micrometers and hundreds of micrometers (the thickness of the coating depends on the spraying process parameters and the spraying form), so that a very thin coating material can be obtained on the surface of the substrate, which is beneficial to forming a more favorable metallurgical structure in the welding seam by controlling the process parameters of electromagnetic welding. At present, the spray coating has a plurality of types of materials, and the corresponding functions of the spray coating are also greatly enriched, wherein the thermal barrier coating is one of the materials, can play a role in good heat insulation, reduces the temperature of a substrate, and has the characteristics of high hardness, good chemical stability, high-temperature corrosion prevention and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention improves the problems, namely the technical problems to be solved by the invention are that brittle intermetallic compounds are easy to form in the welding of the existing dissimilar materials, the non-metallic materials are not easy to weld, the pipe diameters differ greatly, and the welding seam corrodes.
The invention solves the technical problem by adopting a welding device for dissimilar materials, which comprises a base and a guide rail fixed on the base, wherein a pair of clamps for clamping materials to be welded are slidably matched on the upper part of the guide rail, an electromagnetic welding device is fixedly connected on the base between the pair of clamps, the clamps are driven to rotate by a driving device, the electromagnetic welding device comprises a magnetic collector, forming coils are distributed on the top and the bottom of the magnetic collector in a ring manner, a through hole for placing the materials to be welded is formed in the middle part of the magnetic collector, conical concave parts are formed at the two ends of the magnetic collector along the axial direction of the through hole, and a spraying device for spraying on the surface of the materials is arranged above the guide rail.
Further, the spraying device comprises a spraying pipe communicated with the high-pressure air pump, a spraying material inlet pipe for inputting spraying materials is communicated with the side part of the spraying pipe, and the lower end of the spraying pipe is arranged towards the materials to be sprayed.
Further, sliding fit is provided on the upper portion of the guide rail, the driving device is a motor fixedly connected to the sliding table, and the clamp is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor.
Further, the clamp comprises a clamping jaw shell fixedly connected with an output shaft of a motor, an angular clamping arm is symmetrically hinged to the clamping jaw shell, a clamping plate is fixedly connected to the outer side end of the angular clamping arm, the middle of the angular clamping arm is hinged to the clamping jaw shell, a threaded sleeve is fixed to the middle of the clamping jaw shell, a bolt capable of achieving locking to the outer side of the clamping jaw shell is matched with the threaded sleeve in an internal thread manner, a pull rod is hinged to the inner side of the angular clamping arm, the lower end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with the bolt, and when the bolt moves to the inner side of the clamping jaw shell, the pull rod is pulled to enable the angular clamping arm to rotate around the hinged position of the middle to achieve clamping plate clamping.
Further, the forming coils at the upper end and the lower end of the magnetic collector are connected with an electromagnetic pulse circuit for providing electromagnetic pulses, the electromagnetic pulse circuit comprises a high-voltage power supply, a current limiting resistor and a high-voltage switch, the current limiting resistor and the high-voltage switch are connected with the high-voltage power supply in series, the forming coils are connected with the high-voltage power supply in series, and the pulse capacitor is connected with the high-voltage power supply in parallel.
Further, the base is fixedly connected with a coil fixing clamp plate, the coil fixing clamp plate is provided with a pair of coil fixing clamp plates and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the formed coil, and the coil fixing clamp plates are connected through bolts.
Further, the coil insulation layer is wrapped outside the forming coil, and the cross section of the clamping plate is V-shaped.
Further, the side part of the sliding table is in threaded connection with a locking screw rod facing the guide rail.
The invention also comprises a method for welding dissimilar materials, which utilizes the welding device for dissimilar materials as described in the above 4, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the material property of a workpiece to be welded;
step 2: determining an inner pipe of a workpiece to be welded, which is simpler in spraying process;
step 3: clamping and fixing the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded by using a clamp;
step 4: pushing the sliding table to the lower part of the spray pipe;
step 5: the clamp starts to rotate under the drive of the driving device and pushes the sliding table slowly;
step 6: the spraying device starts to spray, the spraying material is sprayed out from the spray pipe at high speed under the action of the high-pressure power source to form spraying, the spraying collides with the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded on the clamp at high speed to form a spraying intermediate layer, and the spraying area is larger than the area to be welded;
step 7: the spraying of the whole spraying area is completed, and the sliding table is locked through the locking mechanism;
step 8: the outer pipe of the workpiece to be welded and the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded are aligned and extend into the middle part of the through hole of the magnetic collector;
step 9: and determining various parameters of electromagnetic welding, starting a power supply of an electromagnetic welding device, charging a pulse capacitor, closing a high-voltage switch to discharge after the pulse capacitor is charged, inducing induced current in a region to be welded of an outer tube to be welded, forming strong Lorentz force along the radial direction, and striking the inner surface of the outer tube to be welded against the inner tube of the workpiece to be welded sprayed with the spraying intermediate layer at a high speed to form a welding joint.
Furthermore, when the outer pipe of the workpiece to be welded is nonmetal and the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded is metal, the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded is sprayed with an intermediate layer material which is consistent with the inner pipe material of the workpiece to be welded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the welding device, a thin coating layer can be sprayed on the surface of the welding workpiece, the tubular workpiece rotates in the spraying process, the pipe fitting in the spraying process can be uniformly sprayed, brittle intermetallic compounds are not generated in the welding process of the welding workpiece made of different materials, the quality of welding seams can be improved, and the centering effect on the pipe clamping device is good. The pipe fitting clamping device has good centering effect, and can ensure good centering for clamping pipes with different pipe diameters.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of workpiece spraying according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic welding tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the clamp of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure of the concentrator of FIG. 2 according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic welding tool of the cross-sectional structure of FIG. 2A-A according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a shaped coil of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a view showing a structure of a coil fixing plate of the apparatus of the present invention.
1.2 is a high voltage generator; 3-a current limiting resistor; 4-high voltage switch; a 5-pulse capacitor; 6-a magnetic collector; 7-forming a coil; 8-coil fixing clamp plates; 9-coil insulation layers; 10-clamping arms; 11-a clamp housing; 12-a screw sleeve; 121-bolts; 122-pull rod; 13-V-groove clamping plates; 14-clamping; 15-an outer tube of the workpiece to be welded; 16-an inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded; 17-spraying an intermediate layer; 18-a sliding table; 19-a servo motor; 20-locking the screw; 21 a guide rail bracket; 22-a guide rail; 23-electromagnetic pulse system; 24-spraying material inlet pipe; 25-spraying device; 26-a high-pressure power source; 27-a base.
Description of the embodiments
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a welding device for dissimilar materials comprises a base 27 and a guide rail 22 fixed on the base 27, a pair of clamps 14 for clamping materials to be welded are slidably matched on the upper portion of the guide rail 22, an electromagnetic welding device is fixedly connected on the base between the pair of clamps 14, the clamps 14 are driven to rotate by a servo motor 19, the electromagnetic welding device comprises a magnetic collector 6, forming coils 7 are distributed on the top and the bottom of the magnetic collector in a ring manner, through holes for placing the materials to be welded are formed in the middle of the magnetic collector, conical concave portions are formed at two ends of the magnetic collector along the axial direction of the through holes, and a spraying device 25 for spraying the surfaces of the materials is further arranged above the guide rail.
In this embodiment, the guide rail 22. The upper part is in sliding fit with a sliding table 18, the driving device is a motor fixedly connected to the sliding table, and the clamp is fixedly connected to an output shaft of a servo motor 19.
In this embodiment, the spraying device 25 includes a spraying pipe 26 communicated with a high-pressure air pump, a spraying material inlet pipe 24 for inputting spraying material is communicated with the side portion of the spraying pipe, the lower end of the spraying pipe is arranged towards the material to be sprayed, when in use, after the spraying material is fed into the spraying material inlet pipe 24 by pressure, the spraying material entering the spraying pipe 26 is sprayed onto the material located on the clamp and positioned at the lower end of the spraying pipe by the high-pressure air pump, and in the spraying process, the clamp can be driven to rotate by a servo motor 19 in order to ensure uniformity.
During spraying, the clamp can adopt finger cylinders or other clamping devices to clamp, in the embodiment, a mechanical component is adopted to clamp, the clamp comprises a clamping jaw shell 11 fixedly connected with an output shaft of a motor, an angular clamping arm 10 is symmetrically hinged to the clamping jaw shell 11, a clamping plate 13 is fixedly connected to the outer side end of the angular clamping arm 10, the middle part of the angular clamping arm is hinged to the clamping jaw shell, a threaded sleeve 12 is fixed to the middle part of the clamping jaw shell, a bolt 121 for locking the outer side of the clamping jaw shell is matched with the threaded sleeve in a threaded manner, a pull rod 122 is hinged to the inner side of the angular clamping arm, the lower end of the pull rod 122 is fixedly connected with the bolt, and when the bolt moves towards the inner side of the clamping jaw shell, the pull rod is pulled to enable the angular clamping arm to rotate around the middle hinged part to clamp the clamping plate.
A preferred solution for better gripping is, but is not limited to, V-shaped cross section to facilitate gripping of the tubular structure.
The shaping coils at the upper end and the lower end of the magnetic collector are connected with an electromagnetic pulse circuit for providing electromagnetic pulses, the electromagnetic pulse circuit comprises a high-voltage power supply, a current-limiting resistor 3 and a high-voltage switch 4, wherein the current-limiting resistor 3 and the high-voltage switch 4 are connected with the high-voltage power supply (high-voltage generator) in series, the shaping coils 7 are connected with the high-voltage power supply in series, and the pulse capacitor 5 is connected with the high-voltage power supply in parallel.
Further, a coil fixing clamp plate is fixedly connected to the base, the coil fixing clamp plates 8 are provided with a pair of coil fixing clamp plates and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the formed coil, the coil fixing clamp plates are connected through bolts, the formed coil is clamped between the coil fixing clamp plates 8 by the aid of the coil fixing clamp plates 8 to achieve fixation of the formed coil, and the formed coil is wrapped with a coil insulating layer 9.
In this embodiment, the guide rail is screwed with the side of the sliding table of the base 27 through a guide rail bracket, and a locking screw 20 facing the guide rail bracket 21 is provided.
When the welding tool is in operation, the workpiece in which the spraying process is convenient to implement is determined to be subjected to surface spraying, the clamp 14 is used for clamping the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded, the sliding table 18 is pushed to a spraying region of the spray gun, the servo motor 19 starts to rotate to push the sliding table slowly, then the spraying device 25 is started to spray, spraying materials enter the spraying device from the pipe 24 through which the spraying materials enter the spraying device, the spraying materials are sprayed out from a muzzle at high speed under the action of the high-pressure power source 26 of the spraying device 25 to form spraying, the spraying high-speed collision inner pipe 16 of the workpiece to be welded is formed, the spraying intermediate layer is formed, the spraying of the whole spraying region is completed, the size and the range of the spraying layer are slightly larger than the range to be welded, finally, the spraying intermediate layer 17 is formed, then the workpiece to be welded is aligned and placed, the sliding table is locked through the locking screw 20, various parameters of electromagnetic welding are determined, the electromagnetic welding system 23 is started, the pulse capacitor is charged 5, after the high-pressure switch 4 is closed to discharge, the induction current is induced in the region to be welded, the inner pipe 15 is formed, the high-speed Lorentz force is formed, the inner pipe is impacted, the inner pipe is formed, the inner pipe is high-speed, the inner pipe is required to be welded, the high speed, the welding region, the welding parameters and the welding joint 16 is formed, and the welding joint is formed.
In practical designs, the sliding table 18 can move along the guide rail 22 by pneumatic, hydraulic or electric driving, or can be manually operated.
The operation of the electromagnetic welding process with the sprayed coating using the apparatus of the present invention is further elucidated below in connection with the specific embodiments.
Operational example 1:
(1) When the Fe pipe and the Al pipe are subjected to electromagnetic welding, the Al pipe is used as an outer pipe, the Fe pipe is used as an inner pipe, the Fe pipe is impacted by the Al pipe to achieve the welding effect, the materials of the two workpieces are respectively Fe and Al, the workpiece Fe pipe with more convenient spraying process implementation is determined to be subjected to surface spraying, and the addition of B (boron) or Zr (zirconium) in the FeAl is beneficial to improving the toughness of the alloy, so that the spraying material is determined to be B or Zr, and the welding area is determined to be 40mm at the front end of the pipe.
(2) The spray material enters the spray gun from the spray material inlet, is sprayed out from the muzzle at high speed under the action of the high-pressure power source 26 of the spray device 25 to form material spray, then the spray collides with the workpiece at high speed to form the spray intermediate layer 17, and then the spray material is sprayed on the front end 50mm of the pipe by rotating and feeding.
(3) The sprayed Al pipe is placed into a clamp shown in fig. 2, then the workpiece 16 in the figure, namely the Fe pipe, is coaxially inserted into the placed Al pipe, the insertion depth is 40mm of the length to be welded, a sliding table is locked through a locking screw 20, at this time, various parameters of electromagnetic welding are determined, an electromagnetic welding system 23 is started to charge a pulse capacitor 5, after the pulse capacitor 5 is charged, a high-voltage switch 4 is closed to discharge after the pulse capacitor is charged, a forming coil 7 is shown in the figure, under the action of a magnetic collector 6, induced current is induced in the Al pipe, at this time, the Lorentz force born by the Al pipe in the area is radial, a very high speed is given to the Al pipe, the Al pipe is impacted on the Fe pipe sprayed with B or Zr in a very short time, a good metallurgical structure is formed, toughness among FeAl is improved, and therefore, the electromagnetic welding achieves a better welding process.
Example 2:
(1) In the electromagnetic welding of the pipe, the Al pipe is used as an outer pipe, the Ti pipe is used as an inner pipe, the Al pipe is used for striking the Ti pipe to achieve the welding effect, at the moment, the materials of the two workpieces are respectively Ti and Al, the magnesium-based lanthanum hexaaluminate serving as a thermal barrier coating material is selected as a thermal barrier coating material, and the welding area is determined to be 40mm at the front end of the pipe.
(2) The surface spraying of the workpiece Ti pipe is determined, wherein the spraying process is convenient to implement, the spraying material enters the spray gun from the illustrated spraying material inlet pipe 24, the spraying material is sprayed from the gun muzzle at high speed under the action of the high-pressure power source 26 of the spraying device 25, the spraying material is sprayed, the workpiece 16 is impacted at high speed to form a spraying intermediate layer, then the spraying of the whole spraying area is completed in a rotating and feeding mode, the size and the range of the spraying area are slightly larger than those of the area to be welded, namely, the front end 50mm of the pipe is completely sprayed with the spraying material.
(3) The sprayed Al pipe is placed in the position shown in fig. 1, then the workpiece 16 in the drawing, namely the Ti pipe is coaxially inserted into the placed Al pipe, the insertion depth is 40mm of the length to be welded, the sliding table is locked through the locking screw 21, at this time, various parameters of electromagnetic welding are determined, the electromagnetic welding system 23 is started to charge the pulse capacitor 5, after the pulse capacitor 5 is charged, the high-voltage switch 4 is closed to discharge, the forming coil 7 in the drawing induces induced current in the area to be welded of the Al pipe under the action of the magnetic collector 6, strong Lorentz force along the radial direction is formed, the inner surface of the forming coil impacts the outer surface of the workpiece Ti pipe sprayed with the sprayed intermediate layer at a high speed, and the temperature of an Al-Ti interface in the collision process is well reduced under the blocking of the thermal barrier coating material lanthanum hexaaluminate, so that a good metallurgical structure is formed, and the electromagnetic welding achieves a better welding process.
Example 3:
(1) When the electromagnetic welding of the steel pipe and the carbon fiber pipe is performed, the steel pipe is used as a moving part, the carbon fiber pipe is used as a static part, the steel pipe is impacted on the carbon fiber pipe to achieve the welding effect, at the moment, the materials of the two workpieces are respectively steel and carbon fiber, and the welding of metal and nonmetal is determined. At this time, the spray material was determined to be Fe powder to reduce brittle intermetallic compounds generated by the combination of the steel pipe and other spray materials, and the welded area was determined to be 40mm at the front end of the plate.
(2) And determining that the surface spraying is carried out on the carbon fiber tube of the workpiece with better spraying process implementation, wherein the spraying material enters the spraying device from the spraying material inlet tube 24 in the drawing, is sprayed out from a muzzle at high speed under the action of a high-pressure power source 26 of the spraying device 25 to form material spray, the spray collides with the workpiece at high speed to form a spraying intermediate layer, and then spraying the whole spraying area in a feeding mode, wherein the size and the range of the spraying area are slightly larger than those of the area to be welded, namely the front end 50mm of the pipe fitting is completely sprayed with the spraying material.
(3) The sprayed steel pipe and the carbon fiber pipe are clamped and aligned as shown in fig. 2, the carbon fiber pipe is inserted into the steel pipe, the insertion length is 40mm of the welded area length, and the sliding table is locked through the locking screw 20. The parameters of electromagnetic welding are determined, an electromagnetic welding system 23 is started, a pulse capacitor 5 is charged, after the pulse capacitor is charged, a high-voltage switch 4 is closed to discharge, an induced current is induced in the steel pipe by a forming coil 7 under the action of a magnetic collector 6, at the moment, the Lorentz force applied to the steel pipe in the area downwards faces the carbon fiber pipe, the steel pipe in the area has a very high speed, and in a very short time, the steel plate impacts the carbon fiber pipe sprayed with the spraying material to form a good metallurgical structure, and the strength of a welding interface is improved, so that the electromagnetic welding achieves a better welding process.
According to the electromagnetic welding process with the spray coating, the thickness of the spray coating can be controlled by controlling the rotation and feeding speed according to actual needs, so that the electromagnetic welding effect is better achieved. The spray coating material can be a thermal barrier coating with a heat insulation effect, so that a good heat insulation effect is achieved during electromagnetic welding, the temperature of a joint interface during electromagnetic welding is greatly reduced, a better metallurgical structure is formed, and meanwhile, when the difference of two thermal expansion coefficients is large, the effect of coordinating the strain of the two metals can be achieved, microcracks are avoided, and the quality of a welding seam is well maintained.
In addition, the spraying layer material is the material of the metal workpiece, so that brittle intermetallic compounds generated by the combination of the metal workpiece and other spraying materials are avoided, and the quality of welding seams is further influenced.
Any of the above-described embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein, unless otherwise stated, if they disclose a numerical range, then the disclosed numerical range is the preferred numerical range, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art: the preferred numerical ranges are merely those of the many possible numerical values where technical effects are more pronounced or representative. Since the numerical values are more and cannot be exhausted, only a part of the numerical values are disclosed to illustrate the technical scheme of the invention, and the numerical values listed above should not limit the protection scope of the invention.
If the terms "first," "second," etc. are used herein to define a part, those skilled in the art will recognize that: the use of "first" and "second" is used merely to facilitate distinguishing between components and not otherwise stated, and does not have a special meaning.
Meanwhile, if the above invention discloses or relates to parts or structural members fixedly connected with each other, the fixed connection may be understood as follows unless otherwise stated: detachably fixed connection (e.g. using bolts or screws) can also be understood as: the non-detachable fixed connection (e.g. riveting, welding), of course, the mutual fixed connection may also be replaced by an integral structure (e.g. integrally formed using a casting process) (except for obviously being unable to use an integral forming process).
In addition, terms used in any of the above-described aspects of the present disclosure to express positional relationship or shape have meanings including a state or shape similar to, similar to or approaching thereto unless otherwise stated.
Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components, or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is intended to cover the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. The welding method for the dissimilar materials is characterized by comprising a welding device for the dissimilar materials, wherein the welding device for the dissimilar materials comprises a base and a guide rail fixed on the base, a pair of clamps for clamping materials to be welded are slidably matched on the upper part of the guide rail, an electromagnetic welding device is fixedly connected to the base between the clamps, the clamps are driven by a driving device to rotate, the electromagnetic welding device comprises a magnetic collector, forming coils are annularly distributed on the top and the bottom of the magnetic collector, a through hole for placing the materials to be welded is formed in the middle of the magnetic collector, conical concave parts are formed at the two ends of the magnetic collector along the axial direction of the through hole, and a spraying device for spraying on the surface of the materials is further arranged above the guide rail;
the spraying device comprises a spraying pipe communicated with the high-pressure air pump, a spraying material inlet pipe for inputting spraying materials is communicated with the side part of the spraying pipe, and the lower end of the spraying pipe is arranged towards the materials to be sprayed;
the upper part of the guide rail is in sliding fit with a sliding table, the driving device is a motor fixedly connected to the sliding table, and the clamp is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor;
the clamp comprises a clamping jaw shell fixedly connected with an output shaft of a motor, wherein an angular clamping arm is symmetrically hinged to the clamping jaw shell, a clamping plate is fixedly connected to the outer side end of the angular clamping arm, the middle part of the angular clamping arm is hinged to the clamping jaw shell, a threaded sleeve is fixedly arranged in the middle of the clamping jaw shell, a bolt which is locked to the outer side of the clamping jaw shell is matched with the threaded sleeve in an internal thread manner, a pull rod is hinged to the inner side of the angular clamping arm, the lower end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with the bolt, and when the bolt moves to the inner side of the clamping jaw shell, the pull rod is pulled to enable the angular clamping arm to rotate around the hinged part of the middle part to clamp the clamping plate;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the material property of a workpiece to be welded;
step 2: determining an inner pipe of a workpiece to be welded, which is simpler in spraying process;
step 3: clamping and fixing the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded by using a clamp;
step 4: pushing the sliding table to the lower part of the spray pipe;
step 5: the clamp starts to rotate under the drive of the driving device and pushes the sliding table slowly;
step 6: the spraying device starts to spray, the spraying material is sprayed out from the spray pipe at high speed under the action of the high-pressure power source to form spraying, the spraying collides with the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded on the clamp at high speed to form a spraying intermediate layer, and the spraying area is larger than the area to be welded;
step 7: the spraying of the whole spraying area is completed, and the sliding table is locked through the locking mechanism;
step 8: the outer pipe of the workpiece to be welded and the inner pipe of the workpiece to be welded are aligned and extend into the middle part of the through hole of the magnetic collector;
step 9: and determining various parameters of electromagnetic welding, starting a power supply of an electromagnetic welding device, charging a pulse capacitor, closing a high-voltage switch to discharge after the pulse capacitor is charged, inducing induced current in a region to be welded of an outer tube to be welded, forming strong Lorentz force along the radial direction, and striking the inner surface of the outer tube to be welded against the inner tube of the workpiece to be welded sprayed with the spraying intermediate layer at a high speed to form a welding joint.
2. The welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein when the outer tube of the workpiece to be welded is non-metal and the inner tube of the workpiece to be welded is metal for welding, the inner tube of the workpiece to be welded is sprayed with the intermediate layer material to be consistent with the inner tube of the workpiece to be welded.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming coils at the upper and lower ends of the magnetic collector are connected to an electromagnetic pulse circuit for supplying electromagnetic pulses, the electromagnetic pulse circuit comprises a high-voltage power supply, a current limiting resistor and a high-voltage switch connected in series with the high-voltage power supply, the forming coils are connected in series with the high-voltage power supply, and the pulse capacitor is connected in parallel with the high-voltage power supply.
4. The welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein a coil fixing clamp plate is fixedly connected to the base, the coil fixing clamp plate has a pair of symmetrically arranged on both sides of the forming coil, and the coil fixing clamp plates are connected by bolts.
5. The method for welding dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein the coil insulation layer is wrapped outside the forming coil, and the clamping plate has a V-shaped cross section.
6. A method of welding dissimilar materials according to claim 3, wherein the slide side is threadably connected with a locking screw that faces the guide rail.
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| CN112296504B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2024-04-19 | 福州大学 | Device for connecting wiring terminals and working method thereof |
| CN113275733B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-24 | 南昌航空大学 | Electromagnetic pulse material increasing device and method for aviation multi-runner pipe fitting |
| CN113399808B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-07-19 | 南昌航空大学 | Electromagnetic pulse material increasing device and method for aerospace thin-wall ring piece |
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