CN110199604A - A kind of Irrigated Area Soils salination control method based on unfreezing - Google Patents
A kind of Irrigated Area Soils salination control method based on unfreezing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of Irrigated Area Soils salination control method based on unfreezing, 1) according to field irrigation water infiltrate and freezing process, establish water layer-ice sheet-air layer-soil coupling model；2) after the completion of coupling model is established, each layer governing equation is combined and is solved；3) data according to needed for model, collection research regional geography parameter, meteorological data and basic soil parameters input in the freezing process mathematical model of pouring water of foundation and are simulated, determine optimal irrigation period, water of pouring water and air layer thickness；4) after harvesting is completed in irrigated area, according to determining air layer thickness, field is turned over, is irrigated later according to the parameter that step 3 determines.The method that the present invention fully considers the modified water conservancy improvement saline-alkali soil of frozen-thaw process by water layer-ice sheet-air layer-soil coupling model of foundation, science distribution duty, and then achievees the purpose that preferably to prevent and treat the salinization of soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil improvement fields, and in particular to a kind of Irrigated Area Soils salination prevention and treatment side based on unfreezing
Method.
Background technique
The soil salinization refers to what ease of solubility salinity crop after upper soll layer accumulation reaches a certain level was difficult to grow
Process.Show the influence to irrigate land by soil salt in the whole world about 20% according to the data of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation).With
The aggravation of global warming process, the soil salinization has gone up as global problems.China is the more serious country of the soil salinization,
According to second of China soil survey information, about 9.32 hundred million mu of the national salinized soil gross area, wherein being that multiclass is ploughed there are about 2.2 hundred million mu
Salinized soil in ground is mainly distributed on North China, northwest, northeast and riviera.Moreover, being ploughed in recent years due to irrigating not
When soil secondary salinization area is still increased with annual 15~200,000 mu of speed, seriously threatens national food security and ecology
Environment.
Improvement salt-soda soil technology has been summed up both at home and abroad at present: (1) physically improved: to level land, deep plough and sun the earth which has been ploughed up, in time
It loosens the soil, raise landform, microcell is improved the soil, covering with ground sheeting, stalk barrier；(2) hydraulic engineering improves: irrigation and drainage are mating, storage fresh water on saline-alkali land for leaching, filling
Wash salt, underground salt discharge；(3) chemical modifying: apply gypsum, ardealite, calcium superphosphate, humic acid, peat, acid-sludge etc.；(4) raw
Object improvement: rice cultivation, plantation salt-tolerant plant sesbania or the alkaline-resisting trees of plantation etc. use microbial-bacterial fertilizer etc..For physics
For modification method, the leveling land of large area, deep plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up, the ridging that loosens the soil, mulch " carpet " covering etc. requires mechanization
It realizes, landform there are certain requirements, and slow effect；Covering with ground sheeting has certain improved effect, but often fenestra and mulch it
Between open ground band there is salification, thus influence crop emergence and growth；Although and stalk barrier can effectively cut off salinity to
The path of global migration, but be embedded in the stalk in soil in digest process with crop there are nitrogen competitive relation, influence crop
Yield.For hydraulic engineering modification method, it is primarily present and invests huge, slow effect, Yi Fanfu, managed horizontal influence etc.
Problem.For chemical modifying method, although quick, exist and be easy double salt, long-time service may be to soil physical chemistry
The problems such as matter adversely affects.Biological modification method enforcement difficulty is larger, and influence factor is numerous, and improved effect is uncertain, difficult
To popularize in an all-round way.
As that studies salination gos deep into, people gradually recognize that unfreezing is the important at therefore of the soil salinization
One.It is especially distributed across the saline-alkali soil in the Seasonal Freeze-thaw Soils area such as northeast, Inner Mongol, Xinjiang, in freezing process, because by soil profile
The influence of temperature gradient, the diving of high salinity, which is constantly migrated to frozen soil layer, to be accumulated, and makes freezing zone part soil layer moisture content in full
And state, while salinity is also migrated upwards with moisture and is accumulated in frozen soil layer；Next year melts the phase, soil from surface layer and deep layer to
Centre starts to thaw, and due to the soil moisture of thawing can not be descended and be seeped by the barrier of lower part frozen soil layer tide to occur for topsoil collapse to return slurry,
Simultaneously under evaporation, water salt is gathered to surface layer, forms secondary salinization, influences spring sowing, nursery.
Above-mentioned modification method is all influenced by frozen-thaw process to some extent, and wherein hydraulic engineering modification method is impacted
It is maximum.Traditional modification method in irrigated area is in the fall or early winter carries out the irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, on the one hand elutes surface layer salinity to subsoil
In earth or underground water, water storage soil moisture conservation on the other hand is carried out using the congelation of soil.Due to not accounting for unfreezing, autumn
Pour, winter irrigation is often that when water just fills channel, comes how much water just fills how much water, only focused on the autumn and poured process
In desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching effect, and actually a large amount of washing salinity by irrigation meetings so that level of ground water increase, some studies pointed out that higher levels of ground water
It can aggravate in frozen soil water salt to build up to surface layer, while the ice sheet that field is formed in water-pouring process moves lower soil hydro-thermal salt
Influence is not also considered that not only control salt effect is undesirable, also causes the waste of water resource.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of Irrigated Area Soils salination control method based on unfreezing, fully considers frozen-thaw process
The method that modified water conservancy improves saline-alkali soil, by water layer-ice sheet-air layer-soil coupling model of foundation, science distribution is filled
Water is irrigate, and then achievees the purpose that preferably to prevent and treat the salinization of soil.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of Irrigated Area Soils salination control method based on unfreezing, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: according to field irrigation water infiltrate and freezing process, establish water layer-ice sheet-air layer-soil coupled mode
Type, wherein energy, the moisture governing equation of each layer are respectively as follows:
1) soil horizon
Energy hole equation
Five in equation (1), respectively the soil moisture changes caused thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), icing latent heat
Item (W m-3), heat transfer item (W m-3), thermal convection item (W m-3) and soil evaporation latent heat item (W m-3)；Z and t is respectively soil
Thickness (m) and time step (s)；csIt is respectively that specific heat capacity holds (J kg with T-1 C-1) and the soil moisture (DEG C), ρiFor ice concentration
(kg m-3), θiFor volume ice content (m3 m-3), LfFor latent heat (the J kg of ice-1), ksFor Soil heat conductivity (W m-1
C-1), ρlFor water density (kg m-3), clFor water specific heat capacity (J kg-1 C-1), qlFor liquid water flux (m s-1), qvFor steam matter
Measure flux (kg m-2 s-1), LvFor evaporation latent heat (the J kg of water-1), ρvFor soil water-vapo(u)r density (kg m-3)；
Moisture governing equation
Five in equation (2), respectively soil water capacity item (m from left to right3 m-3 s-1), soil ice hold item (m3 m-3
s-1), soil water in liquid phase flux term (m3 m-3 s-1), soil steam flux term (m3 m-3 s-1) and source sink term (m3 m-3 s-1)；θl
For volumetric water content (m3 m-3), K is soil unsaturation hydraulic conductivity (ms-1), ψ is soil matrix gesture (m), other each symbols
Ibid；
2) ice sheet
Energy hole equation
Five in equation (3), respectively Ice Temperature changes caused thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), latent heat
Item (W m-3), heat transfer item (W m-3), ice sheet absorb net radiation item (W m-3) and net latent heat item (the W m of ice sheet distillation-3)；wi
For ice sheet liquid water volume content (m3 m-3), kiFor ice pyroconductivity (W m-1 C-1), RnFor ice sheet amount of incident (the W m of radiation-2), LsFor latent heat of sublimation (the J kg of ice-1), other each symbols are same as above；
Moisture governing equation
wi,holdLiquid-water content (the m kept for ice sheet3 m-3), wi,minThe minimum of Liquid water content is able to maintain by ice sheet
It is worth (m3 m-3), wi,maxMaximum value (the m of Liquid water content is able to maintain by ice sheet3 m-3), ρeFor corresponding wi,minIce sheet density
(kg m-3), other each symbols are same as above；
3) water layer is irrigated
Energy hole equation
Four in equation (5), be respectively to irrigate water layer thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), icing latent heat item (W m-3)、
Heat transfer item (W m-3) and irrigate water layer absorb net radiation item (W m-3)；klFor liquid water pyroconductivity (W m-1 C-1),
He is same as above each symbol；
Water governing equation
wir,hold=win-wout (6)
Irrigate water layer water governing equation expression be meant that: water storage item (m) be equal to become a mandarin item (m) with go out stream item (m) it
Difference；The item that becomes a mandarin includes precipitation, the thawing of upper icing snow deposit；Stream item includes evaporating, freezing, infiltrating out；
4) air layer
Energy hole equation
The expression of air layer energy hole equation is meant that: air layer thermal capacitance item (W m-3) it is equal to heat transfer item (W m-3)
With thermal convection item (W m-3) difference；ρaFor atmospheric density (kg m-3), caFor air specific heat capacity (J kg-1 C-1), kaFor air heat
Conductivity (W m-1 C-1), other each symbols are same as above；
Moisture governing equation
Equation (8) equal sign both ends are respectively water storage item (kg s-1 m-3) and convective term (kg s-1 m-3)；Due to the ice on upper layer
Snowmelt will be directed into pour water layer or soil horizon, and the Water Transport of air layer only has the exchange of gas phase, and each symbol is same as above；
Step 2: after the completion of coupling model is established, each layer governing equation is combined and is solved, detailed process is as follows:
1) each layer is divided into several nodes, according to meteorological and surface temperature data in each time step, passes through air
Kinetics equation calculates quality, the exchange flux of atmosphere and water layer, and brings equation (1), (5) into as boundary condition
Energy balance calculating is carried out, each node temperature of soil horizon, water layer is obtained, judge whether to freeze with this and calculates icing amount, and is made
For water layer upper boundary conditions, formula is infiltrated by Green-Ampt and calculates infiltration capacity as water layer downstream condition and soil top
Boundary's condition brings up-and-down boundary condition into formula (2), (6) calculate water balance；
2) after there is ice sheet, according to meteorological and ice sheet surface temperature data in each time step, pass through air force
Quality, the exchange flux of equation calculation atmosphere and ice sheet are learned, and brings equation (1), (3), (5) into as boundary condition
Energy balance calculating is carried out, each node temperature of ice sheet, water layer, soil horizon is obtained, judges whether ice sheet melts and calculate with this and melt
Change amount as ice sheet upper boundary conditions, judge whether water layer freezes and calculate icing amount as ice sheet lower boundary and water layer coboundary
Condition, by Green-Ampt infiltrate formula calculate infiltration capacity as water layer downstream condition and soil upper boundary conditions, will be each
A up-and-down boundary condition brings formula (2), (4), (6) calculating water balance into；
3) with the progress to freeze with infiltration process, water layer thickness constantly reduces, and water layer thickness is judged in each time step
Whether degree is less than field gully depth and calculates air layer thickness, after air layer occurs, repeats above-mentioned calculating process；
Step 3: the data according to needed for model, collection research regional geography parameter (longitude and latitude, height above sea level, the gradient, orientation
Angle), meteorological data (temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and solar radiation) and basic soil parameters (quality, bulk density,
Saturated aqueous rate, air-entry value, initial aqueous rate salt content section), it inputs in the freezing process mathematical model of pouring water of foundation and carries out
Simulation, determines optimal irrigation period, water of pouring water and air layer thickness；
Step 4: after in irrigated area, harvesting is completed, according to determining air layer thickness, field is turned over, on the one hand
It is that salinity higher soil in surface layer is turned into lower part, jacking can be carried out to ice sheet by the other hand turning over the gully to be formed, and form air
Layer；It is irrigated later according to the parameter that step 3 determines.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Moisture-salt transport of freeze-thaw soils itself is an extremely complex process, along with infiltrating for irrigation water, ice sheet, sky
The formation of gas-bearing formation, so that this process is more complicated.Different weather, roughness of ground surface, soil, groundwater condition and when pouring water
Between, duty all can thickness to ice sheet, air layer and salt accumulation have an impact.
A kind of method that the present invention proposes modified water conservancy improvement saline-alkali soil for fully considering frozen-thaw process.Utilize irrigation water
Freeze the ice sheet to be formed, " heat-insulated " effect of air layer, reduces the temperature gradient between earth's surface and deep soil, to reduce water
Divide, salinity never freezes area and migrates accumulation to freezing zone.In addition, alleviate soil freezes journey due to " heat-insulated " effect of ice sheet
Degree enables thawing phase soil quickly to circulate, and the surface soil water of partial melting can carry salinity and migrate downwards, delay
Solve the secondary salinization of soil.By water layer-ice sheet-air layer-soil coupling model of foundation, scientifically moisture is irrigated in guidance
Match, preferably the prevention and treatment salinization of soil.
Advantage of the invention is in particular in:
(1) it is improved, compared with chemical modifying and biological modification with traditional physically improved, water conservancy, side proposed by the present invention
Method has fully considered influence of the frozen-thaw process to the soil salinization, can further control on the basis of water conservancy improves elution salinity
The salt accumulation of thawing period has preferably control salt effect in Seasonal Freeze-thaw Soils irrigated area.
(2) compared with traditional hydraulic engineering modification method, water resource has been saved.
(3) existing water engineering facility is taken full advantage of, additional great amount of investment is not needed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1, which pours water, infiltrates freezing process；
Soil water-stable aggregates flux under Fig. 2 different disposal: (a) each field Water Flux on 8~December 18 December；(b)12
Month 18~January 16 each field Water Flux；(c) each field salinity flux on 8~December 18 December；(d) December 18 days
~January 16 each field salinity flux.
Specific embodiment
A kind of Irrigated Area Soils salination control method based on unfreezing, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: according to field irrigation water infiltrate and freezing process, establish water layer-ice sheet-air layer-soil coupled mode
Type, wherein energy, the moisture governing equation of each layer are respectively as follows:
1) soil horizon
Energy hole equation
Five in equation (1), respectively the soil moisture changes caused thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), icing latent heat
Item (W m-3), heat transfer item (W m-3), thermal convection item (W m-3) and soil evaporation latent heat item (W m-3)；Z and t is respectively soil
Thickness (m) and time step (s)；csIt is respectively that specific heat capacity holds (J kg with T-1 C-1) and the soil moisture (DEG C), ρiFor ice concentration
(kg m-3), θiFor volume ice content (m3 m-3), LfFor latent heat (the J kg of ice-1), ksFor Soil heat conductivity (W m-1
C-1), ρlFor water density (kg m-3), clFor water specific heat capacity (J kg-1 C-1), qlFor liquid water flux (m s-1), qvFor steam matter
Measure flux (kg m-2 s-1), LvFor evaporation latent heat (the J kg of water-1), ρvFor soil water-vapo(u)r density (kg m-3)；
Moisture governing equation
Five in equation (2), respectively soil water capacity item (m from left to right3 m-3 s-1), soil ice hold item (m3 m-3
s-1), soil water in liquid phase flux term (m3 m-3 s-1), soil steam flux term (m3 m-3 s-1) and source sink term (m3 m-3 s-1)；θl
For volumetric water content (m3 m-3), K is soil unsaturation hydraulic conductivity (m s-1), ψ is soil matrix gesture (m), other each symbols
Ibid；
2) ice sheet
Energy hole equation
Five in equation (3), respectively Ice Temperature changes caused thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), latent heat
Item (W m-3), heat transfer item (W m-3), ice sheet absorb net radiation item (W m-3) and net latent heat item (the W m of ice sheet distillation-3)；wi
For ice sheet liquid water volume content (m3 m-3), kiFor ice pyroconductivity (W m-1 C-1), RnFor ice sheet amount of incident (the W m of radiation-2), LsFor latent heat of sublimation (the J kg of ice-1), other each symbols are same as above；
Moisture governing equation
wi,holdLiquid-water content (the m kept for ice sheet3 m-3), wi,minThe minimum of Liquid water content is able to maintain by ice sheet
It is worth (m3 m-3), wi,maxMaximum value (the m of Liquid water content is able to maintain by ice sheet3 m-3), ρeFor corresponding wi,minIce sheet density
(kg m-3), other each symbols are same as above；
3) water layer is irrigated
Energy hole equation
Four in equation (5), be respectively to irrigate water layer thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), icing latent heat item (W m-3)、
Heat transfer item (W m-3) and irrigate water layer absorb net radiation item (W m-3)；klFor liquid water pyroconductivity (W m-1 C-1),
He is same as above each symbol；
Water governing equation
wir,hold=win-wout (6)
Irrigate water layer water governing equation expression be meant that: water storage item (m) be equal to become a mandarin item (m) with go out stream item (m) it
Difference；The item that becomes a mandarin includes precipitation, the thawing of upper icing snow deposit；Stream item includes evaporating, freezing, infiltrating out；
4) air layer
Energy hole equation
The expression of air layer energy hole equation is meant that: air layer thermal capacitance item (W m-3) it is equal to heat transfer item (W m-3)
With thermal convection item (W m-3) difference；ρaFor atmospheric density (kg m-3), caFor air specific heat capacity (J kg-1 C-1), kaFor air heat
Conductivity (W m-1 C-1), other each symbols are same as above；
Moisture governing equation
Equation (8) equal sign both ends are respectively water storage item (kg s-1 m-3) and convective term (kg s-1 m-3)；Due to the ice on upper layer
Snowmelt will be directed into pour water layer or soil horizon, and the Water Transport of air layer only has the exchange of gas phase, and each symbol is same as above；
Step 2: after the completion of coupling model is established, each layer governing equation is combined and is solved, detailed process is as follows:
1) each layer is divided into several nodes, in each time step (according to user demand sets itself, the present embodiment setting
According to meteorological and surface temperature data, to pass through the quality of aerodynamics equation calculation atmosphere and water layer, energy exchange in 2h)
Flux (the contents of the section is prior art content, is repeated no more), and equation (1), (5) progress are brought into as boundary condition
Energy balance calculates, and obtains each node temperature of soil horizon, water layer, judges whether to freeze with this and calculates icing amount, and as water
Layer upper boundary conditions infiltrate formula by Green-Ampt and calculate infiltration capacity as water layer downstream condition and soil coboundary item
Part brings up-and-down boundary condition into formula (2), (6) calculate water balance；
2) after there is ice sheet, according to meteorological and ice sheet surface temperature data in each time step, pass through air force
Quality, the exchange flux of equation calculation atmosphere and ice sheet are learned, and brings equation (1), (3), (5) into as boundary condition
Energy balance calculating is carried out, each node temperature of ice sheet, water layer, soil horizon is obtained, judges whether ice sheet melts and calculate with this and melt
Change amount as ice sheet upper boundary conditions, judge whether water layer freezes and calculate icing amount as ice sheet lower boundary and water layer coboundary
Condition, by Green-Ampt infiltrate formula calculate infiltration capacity as water layer downstream condition and soil upper boundary conditions, will be each
A up-and-down boundary condition brings formula (2), (4), (6) calculating water balance into；
3) with the progress to freeze with infiltration process, water layer thickness constantly reduces, and water layer thickness is judged in each time step
Whether degree is less than field gully depth and calculates air layer thickness, after air layer occurs, repeats above-mentioned calculating process；
Step 3: the data according to needed for model, collection research regional geography parameter (longitude and latitude, height above sea level, the gradient, orientation
Angle), meteorological data (temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and solar radiation) and basic soil parameters (quality, bulk density,
Saturated aqueous rate, air-entry value, initial aqueous rate salt content section), it inputs in the freezing process mathematical model of pouring water of foundation and carries out
Simulation, determines optimal irrigation period, water of pouring water and air layer thickness.
Model is verified by the Hetao Irrigation District justice long experimental data for filling domain, it is determined that optimal irrigation period be
20~30, duty 180mm November, air layer thickness are controlled in 3cm.
Step 4: after harvesting is completed in irrigated area, according to determining air layer thickness, 20cm or so is carried out to field and is turned over
It ploughs, is on the one hand that salinity higher soil in surface layer is turned into lower part, jacking can be carried out to ice sheet by the other hand turning over the gully to be formed,
Form air layer；It is irrigated later according to the parameter that step 3 determines, pouring water, it is as shown in Figure 1 to infiltrate freezing process.
Specific implementation process is as follows:
In December, 2013 in January, 2014 has carried out scheme at the In Hetao Irrigation Region domain the Yi Changguan test site subordinate Yong Lian
Implement.Choose initial water salt condition 4 fields unanimous on the whole, number W0, W1, W2 and W3.Wherein W0 is control group, no filling
Water；W1 is the control group that irrigation quantity is 150mm；W2 is the control group that irrigation quantity is 200mm；W3 is the control that irrigation quantity is 250mm
Processed group.Before pouring water, 20cm is carried out to field and has been turned over.Three sub-samplings are shared during implementation, before respectively pouring water
December 18, on January 16th, 2014 after on December 8th, 2013 and ice sheet formation.Depth selection be 5cm, 10cm, 20cm,
30cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm and 100cm.For the soil moisture monitoring then by the PT100 temp probe of pre-plugged into
Row measurement, observation time are respectively as follows: on December 12nd, 2013, December 18, December 20, December 25, December 31,2014
On January 6, January 15, January 15.
Line of demarcation using 0 DEG C of thermoisopleth as freezing zone and non-freezing area, W0, W1, the maximum frozen depth difference of W2, W3
For 70cm, 90cm, 75cm and 65cm, freezing speed is respectively 1.22cm/d, 1.41cm/d, 1.24cm/d and 1.07cm/d.W0,
The depth of freezing of W2, W3 and freezing speed comparison show " heat-insulated " effect of ice sheet, but W1 field freeze degree be it is most deep,
Therefore it pours water on a small quantity and is unfavorable for the circulation in spring, easily cause secondary salinization.The moisture of soil is calculated according to mass balance principle
Flux and salinity flux, as shown in Figure 2.Field moisture, salinity move under the action of temperature gradient from the area Fei Dong to freezing zone,
Water flux salt reduces as ice layer thickness increases, and also shows the thermal insulation of ice sheet.
According to the freezing-thawing process of frozen soil it is found that in freezing period, soil moisture is moved to surface layer, and salinity is also with water
Divide and accumulates in surface layer；When to the phase of thawing, frozen soil melts to centre simultaneously from surface layer and bottom, and moisture is melted due to by in surface layer
The barrier of pereletok layer cannot move downward, and secondary salinization occurs under evaporation.Therefore the moisture of frozen soil surface layer 30cm is not
It cannot only preserve soil moisture, also be moved for salinity to surface layer and medium is provided, therefore surface layer 30cm soil moisture is echard.W0 field
Temperature gradient is maximum, and the echard that 30cm soil in surface layer is accumulated during test is most, and salification amount is maximum, accumulates water with it
Divide, be worth based on salinity.The ratio that the accumulation of field W1, W2, W3 echard, salt accumulation account for basic value is relative accumulation
Amount.Water-use efficiency is defined from soil moisture conservation and control two angles of salt herein, as follows:
Wherein eff is irrigation water efficiency；A is moisture, salinity relative accumulation amount；I is duty (mm).Preserving soil moisture
Water-use efficiency increase as irrigation quantity increases, and gradually tend to be steady；And the water-use efficiency of the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured water in 200mm
It is minimum when amount, it is lower when than 150mm irrigation quantity, show that irrigation quantity deficiency is not only unable to the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, instead when only considering desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching target
And it may cause salification.It controls salt efficiency from soil moisture conservation and freezes degree and comprehensively consider, after the thermal insulation for considering ice sheet, air layer,
Irrigation quantity is preferably irrigated desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching water, was both improved in 180mm or so, the 200mm for not accounting for frozen-thaw process relative to this area
Desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching efficiency, and saved water resource.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Irrigated Area Soils salination control method based on unfreezing, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to field irrigation water infiltrate and freezing process, establish water layer-ice sheet-air layer-soil coupling model,
Wherein, the energy of each layer, moisture governing equation are respectively as follows:
1) soil horizon
Energy hole equation
Five in equation (1), respectively the soil moisture changes caused thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), icing latent heat item (W
m-3), heat transfer item (W m-3), thermal convection item (W m-3) and soil evaporation latent heat item (W m-3)；Z and t is respectively thickness of soil
(m) and time step (s)；csIt is respectively that specific heat capacity holds (Jkg with T-1C-1) and the soil moisture (DEG C), ρiFor ice concentration (kgm-3), θiFor volume ice content (m3m-3), LfFor the latent heat (Jkg of ice-1), ksFor Soil heat conductivity (W m-1C-1), ρlFor
Water density (kgm-3), clFor water specific heat capacity (Jkg-1C-1), qlFor liquid water flux (ms-1), qvFor Water Vapor Quality flux (kgm-2s-1), LvFor the evaporation latent heat (Jkg of water-1), ρvFor soil water-vapo(u)r density (kgm-3)；
Moisture governing equation
Five in equation (2), respectively soil water capacity item (m from left to right3m-3s-1), soil ice hold item (m3m-3s-1), soil
Liquid water flux term (m3m-3s-1), soil steam flux term (m3m-3s-1) and source sink term (m3m-3s-1)；θlFor volumetric water content
(m3m-3), K is soil unsaturation hydraulic conductivity (ms-1), ψ is soil matrix gesture (m), other each symbols are same as above；
2) ice sheet
Energy hole equation
Five in equation (3), respectively Ice Temperature changes caused thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), latent heat item (W
m-3), heat transfer item (W m-3), ice sheet absorb net radiation item (W m-3) and net latent heat item (the W m of ice sheet distillation-3)；wiFor ice sheet
Liquid water volume content (m3m-3), kiFor ice pyroconductivity (W m-1C-1), RnFor ice sheet amount of incident (the W m of radiation-2), LsFor ice
Latent heat of sublimation (Jkg-1), other each symbols are same as above；
Moisture governing equation
wi,holdLiquid-water content (the m kept for ice sheet3m-3), wi,minThe minimum value of Liquid water content is able to maintain by ice sheet
(m3m-3), wi,maxMaximum value (the m of Liquid water content is able to maintain by ice sheet3m-3), ρeFor corresponding wi,minIce sheet density (kgm-3), other each symbols are same as above；
3) water layer is irrigated
Energy hole equation
Four in equation (5), be respectively to irrigate water layer thermal capacitance item (W m from left to right-3), icing latent heat item (Wm-3), heat transfer
Item (W m-3) and irrigate water layer absorb net radiation item (W m-3)；klFor liquid water pyroconductivity (W m-1 C-1), other each symbols
Number ibid；
Water governing equation
wir,hold=win-wout (6)
Irrigate water layer water governing equation indicate be meant that: water storage item (m) be equal to become a mandarin item (m) with go out stream item (m) difference；Enter
Stream item includes precipitation, the thawing of upper icing snow deposit；Stream item includes evaporating, freezing, infiltrating out；
4) air layer
Energy hole equation
The expression of air layer energy hole equation is meant that: air layer thermal capacitance item (W m-3) it is equal to heat transfer item (W m-3) right with heat
Flow item (W m-3) difference；ρaFor atmospheric density (kg m-3), caFor air specific heat capacity (J kg-1 C-1), kaFor air pyroconductivity
(W m-1 C-1), other each symbols are same as above；
Moisture governing equation
Equation (8) equal sign both ends are respectively water storage item (kg s-1 m-3) and convective term (kg s-1 m-3)；Due to the ice-snow melting on upper layer
Water will be directed into pour water layer or soil horizon, and the Water Transport of air layer only has the exchange of gas phase, and each symbol is same as above；
Step 2: after the completion of coupling model is established, each layer governing equation is combined and is solved, detailed process is as follows:
1) each layer is divided into several nodes, according to meteorological and surface temperature data in each time step, passes through air force
Quality, the exchange flux of equation calculation atmosphere and water layer are learned, and brings equation (1), (5) progress into as boundary condition
Energy balance calculates, and obtains each node temperature of soil horizon, water layer, judges whether to freeze with this and calculates icing amount, and as water
Layer upper boundary conditions infiltrate formula by Green-Ampt and calculate infiltration capacity as water layer downstream condition and soil coboundary item
Part brings up-and-down boundary condition into formula (2), (6) calculate water balance；
2) after there is ice sheet, according to meteorological and ice sheet surface temperature data in each time step, by aerodynamics side
Journey calculates quality, the exchange flux of atmosphere and ice sheet, and brings equation (1), (3), (5) progress into as boundary condition
Energy balance calculates, and obtains each node temperature of ice sheet, water layer, soil horizon, judges whether ice sheet melts and calculate melted mass with this
As ice sheet upper boundary conditions, judge whether water layer freezes and calculate icing amount as ice sheet lower boundary and water layer coboundary item
Part, by Green-Ampt infiltrate formula calculate infiltration capacity as water layer downstream condition and soil upper boundary conditions, will be each
Up-and-down boundary condition brings formula (2), (4), (6) calculating water balance into；
3) with the progress to freeze with infiltration process, water layer thickness constantly reduces, and judges that water layer thickness is in each time step
It is no to be less than field gully depth and calculate air layer thickness, after air layer occurs, repeat above-mentioned calculating process；
Step 3: the data according to needed for model, collection research regional geography parameter, meteorological data and basic soil parameters are described
Geographic factor includes longitude and latitude, height above sea level, the gradient, azimuth, the meteorological data include temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed,
Precipitation and solar radiation, the basic soil parameters include quality, bulk density, saturated aqueous rate, air-entry value, initial aqueous rate saliferous
Section is measured, will be simulated in the freezing process mathematical model of pouring water of parameter input foundation, determined optimal irrigation period, pour water
Water and air layer thickness；
Step 4: irrigated area harvesting complete after, according to determining air layer thickness, field is turned over, be on the one hand by
Salinity higher soil in surface layer turns to lower part, and jacking can be carried out to ice sheet by the other hand turning over the gully to be formed, and forms air layer；It
It is irrigated afterwards according to the parameter that step 3 determines.
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| CN110896694A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-03-24 | 清华大学 | Method and matched facility for preventing and treating salinization of surface soil of underground reservoir |
| CN113033020A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-06-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for simulating nitrogen in soil freezing and thawing process |
| CN114568060A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-03 | 新疆中泰创新技术研究院有限责任公司 | Anti-freezing irrigation system and method for washing salt in soil |
| CN115901841A (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-04-04 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for simulating formation of arch bridge-shaped ice cover of reservoir and measuring overall form evolution |
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