CN110196283A - A kind of timber structure damage sound emission lossless detection method based on instantaneous frequency - Google Patents
A kind of timber structure damage sound emission lossless detection method based on instantaneous frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN110196283A CN110196283A CN201910443354.6A CN201910443354A CN110196283A CN 110196283 A CN110196283 A CN 110196283A CN 201910443354 A CN201910443354 A CN 201910443354A CN 110196283 A CN110196283 A CN 110196283A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/449—Statistical methods not provided for in G01N29/4409, e.g. averaging, smoothing and interpolation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0238—Wood
Abstract
A kind of timber structure damage acoustic emission signal identification and stress lossless detection method based on instantaneous frequency, steps are as follows: (1) using timber structure dimension stock as research object, the sound emission acquisition system that corresponding sensor establishes wood-bending damage is installed, the acoustic emission signal of wood damage process is obtained；(2) collected acoustic emission signal is filtered and wavelet decomposition, realizes the pretreatment of original signal.(3) signal after wavelet reconstruction is subjected to EMD decomposition, obtains the acoustic emission waveform for Hilbert transformation.(4) according to the frequency domain characteristic of sound emission reconfiguration waveform, the characteristic frequency of different acoustie emission events is determined.(5) quantity of different type acoustie emission event is counted by instantaneous frequency, and calculates corresponding event and density occurs, and the stress state during density and its situation of change evaluation wood damage finally occurs using acoustie emission event.The invention is simple and feasible, and this method can carry out dynamic damage monitoring and identification in real time to the internal injury of timber buildings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the damage identification technique fields in industrial production, more particularly to a kind of wood based on instantaneous frequency
Structural damage sound emission lossless detection method.
Background technique
Currently, gradually promoted using the large stadium that timber structure dimension stock is built as core, timber structure building materials instantly
It has obtained generally paying attention in many companies and factory and manufacturing industry.In China, the house built using timber and
Public place of entertainment accounts for about 75%, and at the same time, surrounding countries, China, such as Thailand, Burma and country in Southeast Asia, Laos carry out in succession
Timber buildings, such as gymnasium, natatorium and hospital.At this stage, timber buildings have become very powerful and exceedingly arrogant in recent years
Focus, it is therefore necessary to which effective status monitoring and stress non-destructive testing in real time are carried out to timber structure internal flaw.
Timber is being processed as a kind of natural reproducible resource due to internal structure complexity and vulnerable to external environment influence
In treatment process, Chang Yin by internal force and external force effect and generate deformation and cracking, to reduce the mechanical property of timber.Simultaneously
Timber individual difference is significant, even if the consistent dimension stock of surface texture, inside may also be shown because of certain defect completely
Different mechanical characteristics, and carry in dimension stock in use process, also the performance of material can be made to send out because of environmental activity
Changing.It is constant using strain gage progress in most cases according to wooden dimension stock outer surface stress, the generation of strain,
However be similar to the method outmoded calibration means can not detect in time by wood internal stress change caused by deformation with
It destroys.It can be seen that be badly in need of a kind of structure for neither destroying timber itself, and it can observe inside it that whether there is or not fission in real time
Lossless detection method.
Compared with other solid materials, timber be it is a kind of there is plastoelastic anisotropy life entity, in production preparation and
Optimization process in its physics, chemical property will generation significantly change, or even can due to external environment change and cause
The random motion of wood internal energy, to will be cracked when causing stress raisers serious.It is such by environmental change
Caused by internal stress raisers the phenomenon that be the direct factor for leading to timber plastic deformation, not only reduce the longevity of material
Life, or even will cause the irreversible breaking-up of part building.Thus, dynamic acquisition timber stress-strain state is monitoring wood damage
State, the key point of prevention failure.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problem above, the present invention provides a kind of timber structure damage sound emission non-destructive testing based on instantaneous frequency
Method, it is intended to realize the whole dynamic detection from feature extraction to the non-destructive tests stage of timber buildings, this method can be big
The damage monitoring of type timber buildings crossbeam provides a kind of soluble effective scheme, for this purpose, the present invention provides one kind
Timber structure based on instantaneous frequency damages sound emission lossless detection method, includes the following steps, it is characterised in that:
The timber structure dimension stock of step 1, Yu Xianxuanding drying and no significant defect acquires test specimen as experimental subjects
The acoustic emission signal generated under three-point bending test；
Step 2 carries out high-pass filtering and wavelet function feedback to collected acoustic emission signal, realizes original signal
Noise reduction process；
Step 3 uses EMD algorithm to be broken down into a series of IMF signals to the acoustic emission signal after wavelet de-noising, and will
IMF signal with original signal correlation maximum is as final AE signal；
Step 4 converts the instantaneous frequency for obtaining AE signal by Hilbert Hilbert；
Step 5, according to the frequency range of different AE signals, count the quantity of AE event, and calculate the AE thing at each moment
Part density, to judge the stress state of timber test specimen Bending Damage process.
As a further improvement of that present invention, in step 1 sound emission acquisition equipment include high-speed data acquisition card, it is single-ended humorous
Vibration sensor and preamplifier.
As a further improvement of that present invention, the specific steps of step 2 are as follows:
Step 2.1,22kHz acoustic emission sensor signal below is filtered out using Chebyshev's I type high-pass filter, wherein
The stopband edge frequency of filter is set as 22kHz, and passband edge frequency is set as 24.5kHz；
Step 2.2, for filtered AE signal, noise reduction process is carried out by wavelet function feedback, in wavelet transformation
In, it if f (x) is quadractically integrable function, and is L to function space2(R) it is analyzed, i.e.,
Step 2.3, wavelet function ψ (x) is selected, multiresolution analysis is carried out to original signal, then
In formula: a is contraction-expansion factor, a > 0；B is shift factor, and b can just be born；Symbol<>is inner product；* conjugation, formula are indicated
(1) it is known as continuous wavelet transform, equivalent frequency-domain expression is
Step 2.4, signal f (x) is resolved by resolution analysis by different frequency bands, i.e.,
In formulaIt is lower than for frequency in signal f (x)Ingredient；
AndIt why is frequency in signal f (x) between 2-JWith 2-(j-1)Between ingredient, in above formula
Coefficient can be by C0It derives, i.e.,
Wherein φ (x) is scaling function, and ψ (x) is wavelet basis function, and wavelets and scaling function basic function determines low pass filtered
Wave device H and high-pass filter G.
As a further improvement of that present invention, step 3 the specific steps are
Step 3.1, reconstruct acoustic emission signal is decomposed using EMD, it is inherently special at each moment obtains reflection signal
The IMF component of property；
Step 3.2, the influence that acoustic emission signal is determined according to the correlation of IMF component and original signal, i.e., by correlation
Strongest IMF component is as principal component for judging and counting acoustie emission event.
As a further improvement of that present invention, the specific steps of step 4 are as follows:
Step 4.1, in order to obtain the instantaneous frequency of acoustic emission signal, IMF component obtained in step 3.2 is carried out
Hilbert transformation.For arbitrary continuation function X (t), Hilbert transformation Y (t) be may be defined as
Step 4.2, according to the formula in step 4.1, can tectonic knot signal Z (t) be
Z (t)=X (t)+iY (t)=a (t) eiθ(t)
Wherein, a (t)=[X2(t)+Y2(t)]1/2,By a (t) and θ (t) come definition signal Z
(t) amplitude and angle.
Step 4.3, the instantaneous frequency of definition signal is carried out using the time-derivative of θ (t), i.e.,
As a further improvement of that present invention, step 5 the specific steps are
Step 5.1, it according to the frequency range of pre-determined fracture acoustic emission signal and deformation acoustic emission signal, unites respectively
Count the quantity of different acoustie emission events；
Step 5.2, the density that acoustie emission event occurs is calculated by blank signal of 60ms, finally by all small segment signals
Calculated result is spliced into complete acoustie emission event variable density curve；
Step 5.3, pass through analysis acoustic emission waveform and density curve, judgement material micro and macro change as caused by stress
Change, to obtain the conclusion of material damage identification.
A kind of timber structure damage acoustic emission signal identification and stress lossless detection method based on instantaneous frequency of the present invention, has
Beneficial effect: the technical effects of the invention are that:
1) present invention is directed to the demand of the online damage monitoring of timber structure, and the acoustic emission of proposition can objectively respond material
The acoustic emission signal of reflection material failure feature is extracted in the micro and macro variation as caused by stress.
2) present invention is on the basis of acquiring test specimen damage acoustic emission signal, by Chebyshev's I type high-pass filter and
Wavelet analysis pre-processes signal, enhances the fault signature of signal while to signal noise silencing.
3) present invention is broken down into a series of IMF components using EMD algorithm to the acoustic emission signal after wavelet reconstruction, and
, as final acoustic emission signal, Hilbert transformation is recycled to obtain the instantaneous of signal for the IMF of original signal correlation maximum
Frequency to judge whether acoustie emission event occurs and count corresponding quantity, and then obtains the density of acoustie emission event.
4) present invention obtains wood damage process and is mainly formed by being broken with two kinds of acoustic emission signals of elastic deformation, using sound
Transmitting event density can determine the stress state of wood internal, realize effective monitoring of timber structure type of impairment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is timber three-point bending test acoustic emission signal acquisition system schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 be three point bending test of the present invention degree of disturbing and the time with load change curve；
Fig. 4 is the original acoustic emission signal typical phases waveform diagram of wood-bending injury experiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is deformation acoustic emission signal of the present invention and the wavelet reconstruction waveform and frequency spectrum for being broken acoustic emission signal；
Fig. 6 is that the present invention decomposes acoustic emission signal after reconstruct by EMD, and uses Hilbert transformation and instantaneous frequency
The density profile of the different type acoustie emission event of method statistics.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The present invention provide it is a kind of based on instantaneous frequency timber structure damage acoustic emission signal identification with stress non-destructive testing side
Method, it is intended to evaluate the stress state during wood damage using acoustic emission, realize the online damage monitoring of timber structure.
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention.Step of the invention is described in detail below with reference to flow chart.
Step 1, drying is preselected to absolute dry condition and the pinus yunnanensis test specimen of no significant defect, acquires test specimen three
The acoustic emission signal generated under point crooked experiment；
Step 2, high-pass filtering and wavelet function feedback are carried out to collected acoustic emission signal, realizes original signal
Noise reduction process；
Step 3, EMD algorithm is used to be broken down into a series of IMF signals the acoustic emission signal after wavelet de-noising, and will
IMF signal with original signal correlation maximum is as final AE signal；
Step 4, the instantaneous frequency for obtaining AE signal is converted by Hilbert Hilbert；
Step 5, according to the frequency range of different AE signals, the quantity of AE event is counted, and calculates the AE thing at each moment
Part density, to judge the stress state of timber test specimen Bending Damage process；
Sound emission acquisition equipment in step 1 includes NI USB-6366 high-speed data acquisition card, SR 150N single ended resonant
The preamplifier that sensor and gain are 40dB；
The specific steps of noise reduction process are carried out in step 2 to original acoustic emission signal are as follows:
Step 2.1,22kHz acoustic emission sensor signal below is filtered out using Chebyshev's I type high-pass filter, wherein
The stopband edge frequency of filter is set as 22kHz, and passband edge frequency is set as 24.5kHz；
Step 2.2, for filtered AE signal, noise reduction process is carried out by wavelet function feedback.In wavelet transformation
In, it if f (x) is quadractically integrable function, and is L to function space2(R) it is analyzed, i.e.,
Step 2.3, wavelet function ψ (x) is selected, multiresolution analysis is carried out to original signal, then
In formula: a is contraction-expansion factor, a > 0；B is shift factor, and b can just be born；Symbol<>is inner product；* conjugation, formula are indicated
(1) it is known as continuous wavelet transform.Its equivalent frequency-domain expression is
Step 2.4, signal f (x) is resolved by resolution analysis by different frequency bands, i.e.,
In formulaIt is lower than for frequency in signal f (x)Ingredient.
AndIt why is frequency in signal f (x) between 2-JWith 2-(j-1)Between ingredient.In above formula
Coefficient can be by C0It derives, i.e.,
Wherein φ (x) is scaling function, and ψ (x) is wavelet basis function, and wavelets and scaling function basic function determines low pass filtered
Wave device H and high-pass filter G.
The specific steps of EMD decomposition are carried out in step 3 to the acoustic emission signal after reconstruct are as follows:
Step 3.1, reconstruct acoustic emission signal is decomposed using EMD, it is inherently special at each moment obtains reflection signal
The IMF component of property；
Step 3.2, the influence that acoustic emission signal is determined according to the correlation of IMF component and original signal, i.e., by correlation
Strongest IMF component is as principal component for judging and counting acoustie emission event.
The specific steps of acoustic emission signal instantaneous frequency are extracted in step 4 are as follows:
Step 4.1, in order to obtain the instantaneous frequency of acoustic emission signal, IMF component obtained in step 3.2 is carried out
Hilbert transformation.For arbitrary continuation function X (t), Hilbert transformation Y (t) be may be defined as
Step 4.2, according to the formula in step 4.1, can tectonic knot signal Z (t) be
Z (t)=X (t)+iY (t)=a (t) eiθ(t)
Wherein, a (t)=[X2(t)+Y2(t)]1/2,By a (t) and θ (t) come definition signal Z
(t) amplitude and angle；
Step 4.3, the instantaneous frequency of definition signal is carried out using the time-derivative of θ (t), i.e.,
The specific steps of the stress state of timber test specimen Bending Damage process are judged in step 5 are as follows:
Step 5.1, it according to the frequency range of pre-determined fracture acoustic emission signal and deformation acoustic emission signal, unites respectively
Count the quantity of different acoustie emission events；
Step 5.2, the density that acoustie emission event occurs is calculated by blank signal of 60ms, finally by all small segment signals
Calculated result is spliced into complete acoustie emission event variable density curve；
Step 5.3, pass through analysis acoustic emission waveform and density curve, judgement material micro and macro change as caused by stress
Change, to obtain the conclusion of material damage identification.
Fig. 2 be 3 points of test specimen curved experiment acoustic emission signal acquisition platforms, including NI USB-6366 high-speed data acquisition
Card, SR 150N single ended resonant sensor and gain are the preamplifier of 40dB.
Fig. 3 is the load-amount of deflection and load-time graph of three-point bending mechanical test, wherein measuring the bending bullet of test specimen
Property modulus and bending strength are respectively 7550.6MPa and 61.2MPa, while starting to occur significantly being broken in 25s or so test specimen.
Fig. 4 is to intercept to the original acoustic emission signal of reflection test specimen internal injury variation, selects 0-100s, 300s- respectively
Original acoustic emission waveform figure caused by 400s the and 600s-700s period, wherein in test specimen damage and fracture process, sound
The amplitude of transmitting signal waveform is gradually increased.It is lower in the amplitude of experiment early stage acoustic emission signal, and test specimen generates at 330s
Intensive acoustic emission signal, while test specimen is broken at 381s.
Fig. 5 is deformation acoustic emission signal and the wavelet reconstruction waveform and frequency spectrum for being broken acoustic emission signal, in order to protrude difference
The specific gravity of frequency content has all carried out normalized to the amplitude of signal spectrum.Wherein acoustic emission signal by two kinds of frequencies at
Point constitute, correspond to the acoustic emission signal of higher magnitude in 160kHz, it is microcosmic on can be considered as because the fracture of wood cell cell wall is drawn
The acoustic emission signal of the higher-energy risen, the present invention are referred to as fracture acoustic emission signal；Another kind of acoustic emission signal is mainly divided
Cloth is in 40kHz or so, and such acoustic emission signal amplitude is smaller and the duration is short, it is microcosmic on may be considered timber cell wall level
Damage or layer split caused by test piece deformation, the present invention regarded as deformation acoustic emission signal.
Fig. 6 present invention decomposes acoustic emission signal after reconstruct by EMD, and using Hilbert transformation and instantaneous frequency method
The density profile of the different type acoustie emission event of statistics.It is discharged in figure with the increase of test specimen stress, internal tiny crack
Energy increases, and corresponding acoustic emission signal amplitude also increases as.Wherein apparent variation has occurred in acoustie emission event density, and
The amplitude and time proportional of acoustic emission waveform.Therefore the variation degree of acoustie emission event density reflects Micro-fracture
Intensity.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not the limit for making any other form to the present invention
System, and made any modification or equivalent variations according to the technical essence of the invention, still fall within present invention model claimed
It encloses.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of timber structure based on instantaneous frequency damages sound emission lossless detection method, include the following steps, it is characterised in that:
The timber structure dimension stock of step 1, Yu Xianxuanding drying and no significant defect acquires test specimen three as experimental subjects
The acoustic emission signal generated under point crooked experiment；
Step 2 carries out high-pass filtering and wavelet function feedback to collected acoustic emission signal, realizes the noise reduction of original signal
Processing；
Step 3 is broken down into a series of IMF signals using EMD algorithm to the acoustic emission signal after wavelet de-noising, and will be with original
The maximum IMF signal of signal correlation is as final AE signal；
Step 4 converts the instantaneous frequency for obtaining AE signal by Hilbert Hilbert；
Step 5, according to the frequency range of different AE signals, count the quantity of AE event, and the AE event for calculating each moment is close
Degree, to judge the stress state of timber test specimen Bending Damage process.
2. a kind of timber structure based on instantaneous frequency according to claim 1 damages sound emission lossless detection method, special
Sign is: the sound emission acquisition equipment in step 1 includes high-speed data acquisition card, single ended resonant sensor and preposition amplification
Device.
3. a kind of timber structure based on instantaneous frequency according to claim 1 damages sound emission lossless detection method, special
Sign is: the specific steps of step 2 are as follows:
Step 2.1,22kHz acoustic emission sensor signal below is filtered out using Chebyshev's I type high-pass filter, wherein filtering
The stopband edge frequency of device is set as 22kHz, and passband edge frequency is set as 24.5kHz；
Step 2.2, for filtered AE signal, noise reduction process is carried out by wavelet function feedback, in wavelet transformation, if
F (x) is quadractically integrable function, and is L to function space2(R) it is analyzed, i.e.,
Step 2.3, wavelet function ψ (x) is selected, multiresolution analysis is carried out to original signal, then
In formula: a is contraction-expansion factor, a > 0；B is shift factor, and b can just be born；Symbol<>is inner product；* indicate that conjugation, formula (1) claim
For continuous wavelet transform, equivalent frequency-domain expression is
Step 2.4, signal f (x) is resolved by resolution analysis by different frequency bands, i.e.,
In formulaIt is lower than for frequency in signal f (x)Ingredient；
AndIt why is frequency in signal f (x) between 2-JWith 2-(j-1)Between ingredient, in above formula is
Number can be by C0It derives, i.e.,
Wherein φ (x) is scaling function, and ψ (x) is wavelet basis function, and wavelets and scaling function basic function determines low-pass filter
H and high-pass filter G.
4. a kind of timber structure based on instantaneous frequency according to claim 1 damages sound emission lossless detection method, special
Sign is: step 3 the specific steps are
Step 3.1, reconstruct acoustic emission signal is decomposed using EMD, obtains reflection signal in each moment inherent characteristic
IMF component；
Step 3.2, the influence of acoustic emission signal is determined according to the correlation of IMF component and original signal, i.e., it is correlation is most strong
IMF component as principal component for judging and count acoustie emission event.
5. a kind of timber structure based on instantaneous frequency according to claim 1 damages sound emission lossless detection method, special
Sign is: the specific steps of step 4 are as follows:
Step 4.1, in order to obtain the instantaneous frequency of acoustic emission signal, Hilbert is carried out to IMF component obtained in step 3.2
Transformation.For arbitrary continuation function X (t), Hilbert transformation Y (t) be may be defined as
Step 4.2, according to the formula in step 4.1, can tectonic knot signal Z (t) be
Z (t)=X (t)+iY (t)=a (t) eiθ(t)
Wherein, a (t)=[X2(t)+Y2(t)]1/2,By a (t) and θ (t) come the width of definition signal Z (t)
Value and angle.
Step 4.3, the instantaneous frequency of definition signal is carried out using the time-derivative of θ (t), i.e.,
6. a kind of timber structure based on instantaneous frequency according to claim 1 damages sound emission lossless detection method, special
Sign is: step 5 the specific steps are
Step 5.1, it according to the frequency range of pre-determined fracture acoustic emission signal and deformation acoustic emission signal, counts respectively not
With the quantity of acoustie emission event；
Step 5.2, the density that acoustie emission event occurs is calculated by blank signal of 60ms, finally by the calculating of all small segment signals
As a result it is spliced into complete acoustie emission event variable density curve；
Step 5.3, by analysis acoustic emission waveform and density curve, judgement material micro and macro variation as caused by stress,
To obtain the conclusion of material damage identification.
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