CN1101932C - Collimated heat radiation source body directional specific radiation rate measuring method and its instrument - Google Patents
Collimated heat radiation source body directional specific radiation rate measuring method and its instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN1101932C CN1101932C CN 99103276 CN99103276A CN1101932C CN 1101932 C CN1101932 C CN 1101932C CN 99103276 CN99103276 CN 99103276 CN 99103276 A CN99103276 A CN 99103276A CN 1101932 C CN1101932 C CN 1101932C
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- emissivity
- direction ratio
- infrared
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and an instrument for measuring a directional specific radiation rate of a collimated heat radiation source object. The present invention is characterized in that after a collimated heat radiation source and an environmental heat radiation source are used for alternate irradiation, the information of the specific radiation rate of an object is extracted. The present invention solves the problem of measuring directional specific radiation rates of objects by using single infrared temperature detectors, and provides a basis for measuring the two-dimensional distribution of the specific radiation rate on a remote sensing platform in a large area; the present invention also develops a way for quickly, extensively and remotely obtaining the directional specific radiation rates of the measured objects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the thermal infrared remote sensing applied technical field, particularly relate to a kind of collimation infrared source emissivity measuring method and instrument.
Background technology
The surface temperature of atural object is determined at many scientific researches and application has crucial effect.In meteorological field, accurate surface temperature is to improve the key parameter of numerical weather forecast accuracy; In agriculture field, accurately measure the surface temperature direct relation and improve remote sensing crop yield prediction precision and improve the drought estimation precision; In the national defence field, accurately measure face of land atural object temperature and can improve the identification of military target and the ability of counter camouflage; In the forest security protection, accurately measure the accuracy that surface temperature also can improve the monitoring of fire the condition of a disaster ...What the temperature of body surface reflected is the energy value of object interface molecule mean motion.The object surfaces temperature depends on following three important parameters, i.e. surface emissivity temperature, environment irradiance and emissivity.Wherein surface emissivity temperature and environment irradiance all are not scabrous in the prior art.The mensuration of emissivity does not also break through fully only.
The object emissivity is exactly the ability of object emission of thermal radiation.The accurate mensuration of object emissivity is the key message of remote accurately remote sensing and inverting real surface temperature.In the Quantitative Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing application technology, the measurement of object emissivity has more significance.In other words, there is not emissivity just can not correctly obtain the true temperature information of face of land atural object.
At present, both at home and abroad object emissivity Research on Measuring Technology is mainly concentrated on two types, a kind of is diffuse heat radiation source formula, and this is a kind of technology that is used for field measuring face of land atural object direction ratio radiance.Another kind is a collimation infrared source formula, and it also is a kind of technology that is used to measure the object emissivity.The measuring principle of collimation infrared source formula object emissivity is to get according to reflected radiation behind the carbon dioxide laser irradiating object and scattered radiation calculating.In the emissivity field of measuring technique of collimation infrared source formula, the France research centre discloses a kind of backscattered radiation formula emissivity measuring technique at " IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTESENSING, VOL.34.NO.4.JULY1996 ".This technology is used backscattering formula method, testee need be heated to reach thermal equilibrium with the irradiation of laser multi-angle, because equilibrium temperature is higher than object self temperature, the infrared emanation of object self just has been left in the basket; Simultaneously, this measuring technique must adopt two kinds of radiometers: promptly be used to measure the anti-superpower illuminometer of illumination and be used to measure by the thermal-radiating infrared thermometer of measured object scattering of laser radiation, because the time drift and the zero point drift of two kinds of radiometers are different, cause error easily; Therefore, backscattered radiation formula emissivity measuring technique can not be carried out the direct mensuration of emissivity on remote-sensing flatform.This is the major defect of backscattered radiation formula emissivity measuring technique.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention exactly in order to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, proposes a kind of collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement method and instrument.The problem that the infrared emanation that the invention solves object self in the prior art has been left in the basket, the measuring error problem that has solved two kinds of radiation of necessary employing and caused, solved and used single infrared thermometer to carry out object direction ratio radiance mensuration problem, for the Two dimensional Distribution of measuring emissivity on remote-sensing flatform is in large area laid a good foundation, for realize fast, large tracts of land, the target of obtaining the direction ratio radiance of testee at a distance paved road.
Collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement method of the present invention is achieved in that 1. methods of the present invention are to utilize carbon dioxide laser as the collimation infrared source; 2. with the lappet that is in the light the environment irradiance of carbon dioxide laser and two kinds of varying strengths of natural background light is alternately shone testee, the environment irradiance that testee is applied by such change is to extract the information of direction ratio radiance; 3. the laser spot that adopts the silicon concavees lens that laser-beam divergence one-tenth and infrared thermometer visual field are complementary; 4. utilize low emissivity reflecting plate control infrared source direction, thereby can measure the direction ratio radiance of the objects such as water, soil of horizontal positioned; With high-precision infrared thermometer as the main signal components of assays; 6. use the view angle of gear band variator and computer-controlled step motor control infrared thermometer; 7. the carbon dioxide laser source adopts standard emissivity plate to demarcate; 8. last, the numerical signal that infrared thermometer is measured is imported computing machine and utilized various softwares to calculate and inverting, draw the direction ratio radiance measured value of testee.
Collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement instrument of the present invention comprises power supply, controller, and cage and panel, base plate, back-up block, it also comprises with lower member:
(1) Laser emission part: comprise carbon dioxide laser, silicon concavees lens;
(2) laser shield portions: comprise the lappet that is in the light between Laser emission part and laser-bounce part;
(3) laser-bounce part: comprise the low emissivity reflecting plate that is fixed on the transmitting mirror bracing frame;
(4) infrared thermometer regulating and controlling part: comprise infrared thermometer orientation measurement arc-shaped rail and the infrared thermometer that can on arc-shaped rail, move; One end of arc-shaped rail is positioned at the regulating shaft junction of direction adjusting knob and measured object frame, and the other end of arc-shaped rail is connected by the rotation axis of connecting rod with big change wheel; Big change wheel is connected with little change wheel by gear band, and little change wheel is connected on the rotation axis of stepper motor;
(5) testee holds part: comprise the measured object frame between the rotation axis that is installed in measured object frame regulating shaft and big change wheel; Measured object frame regulating shaft outer end has one to have hold-down nut direction adjusting knob;
Above-mentioned laser-bounce part, infrared thermometer regulating and controlling part and testee containing part branch are assembled on the device.
Description of drawings
Be described in further detail technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a collimation infrared source object direction ratio radiance determining instrument synoptic diagram
Accompanying drawing 2 is the lappet synoptic diagram that are in the light
Embodiment
Collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement method of the present invention is achieved in that 1. utilize carbon dioxide laser as the collimation infrared source; 2. with the lappet that is in the light the environment irradiance of carbon dioxide laser and two kinds of varying strengths of natural background light is alternately shone testee, the environment irradiance that testee is applied by such change is to extract the information of direction ratio radiance; 3. the laser spot that adopts the silicon concavees lens that laser-beam divergence one-tenth and infrared thermometer visual field are complementary; Described silicon concavees lens can adopt the silicon concavees lens of 8 degree during concrete enforcement, and described laser spot is the laser spot of diameter 8cm; 4. utilize low emissivity reflecting plate,, thereby can measure the direction ratio radiance of the objects such as water, soil of horizontal positioned as gold-plated reflecting plate control infrared source direction; With high-precision infrared thermometer as the main signal components of assays; During concrete enforcement, infrared thermometer is installed on the orientation measurement arc-shaped rail, and can put on the scale indication of 0～90 degree on the arc-shaped rail; Like this, infrared thermometer just can move along the arc-shaped rail of about 1/4th radian, and making that infrared thermometer constitutes measured object on the plane that is formed by arc-shaped rail can be in the measured angular of 0～90 degree range; 6. an end of arc-shaped rail is positioned at the regulating shaft junction of direction adjusting knob and measured object frame, and the other end of arc-shaped rail is connected by the rotation axis of connecting rod with big change wheel; Big change wheel is connected with little change wheel by gear band, and little change wheel is connected on the rotation axis of stepper motor; Just can be with such gear band variator and computer-controlled stepper motor so that the plane that is formed by arc-shaped rail change in the scope of 0～180 degree, thus the control infrared thermometer is in the measured angular of another coordinate system; 7. the used carbon dioxide laser source of the present invention can adopt standard emissivity plate to demarcate; 8. last, the numerical signal that infrared thermometer is measured is imported computing machine and utilized various softwares to calculate and inverting, draw the direction ratio radiance measured value of testee.Above-mentioned being used to calculates and the software of inverting and the computing formula that relates to thereof, " experiment Remote Sensing Model and basis, the ground " book that can publish in April, 1996 with reference to Science Press, shown by one of the present inventor's Zhang Renhua professor.This book describes principle, formula and the mathematical model of emissivity mensuration and calculating, inverting in detail.
As previously mentioned, use backscattering formula method, testee need be heated to reach thermal equilibrium with the irradiation of laser multi-angle, because equilibrium temperature is higher than object self temperature, the infrared emanation of object self has been left in the basket; Simultaneously, this measuring technique must adopt two kinds of radiometers: promptly be used to measure the anti-superpower illuminometer of illumination and be used to measure by the thermal-radiating infrared thermometer of measured object scattering of laser radiation, because the time drift and the zero point drift of two kinds of radiometers are different, cause error easily; Therefore, backscattered radiation formula emissivity measuring technique can not be carried out the direct mensuration of emissivity on remote-sensing flatform.This is the major defect of backscattered radiation formula emissivity measuring technique.
Measuring method of the present invention is to belong to the reflected radiation formula.Reflective principle utilizes collimated source radiation and environment infrared source alternately to shine the back and extract object emissivity information.Therefore method of the present invention neither needs object self heat radiation is heated, can not ignored to testee, also need not adopt anti-superpower illuminometer, the time drift of having avoided two kinds of radiometers and the different error that causes of zero point drift.This shows that compared with prior art, great advantage of the present invention had not only been considered object self heat radiation, but also can have been obtained experience for being implemented in the scientific goal of measuring the Two dimensional Distribution of emissivity on the remote-sensing flatform in large area.
Collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement instrument of the present invention such as Fig. 1 are shown in Figure 2, comprise power supply 16, controller 17, and cabinet and panel 18, base plate 6, back-up block 11, it also comprises with lower member:
(1) Laser emission part: comprise carbon dioxide laser, silicon concavees lens; Above-mentioned silicon concavees lens can adopt the silicon concavees lens of 8 degree during concrete enforcement, and the laser spot of formation is the laser spot of diameter 8cm;
(2) laser shield portions: comprise the lappet 19 that is in the light between Laser emission part and laser-bounce part; The center of the above-mentioned lappet 19 that is in the light is connected on the rotation axis of stepper motor 23 during concrete enforcement; Stepper motor 23 can be fixed on the pressure pin sleeve 20 by pressure pin 22, screw 21.
(3) laser-bounce part: comprise the low emissivity reflecting plate 8 that is fixed on the transmitting mirror bracing frame 13, low emissivity reflecting plate above-mentioned when specifically implementing can adopt coated plate;
(4) infrared thermometer regulating and controlling part: comprise infrared thermometer orientation measurement arc-shaped rail 2 and the infrared thermometer 7 that can on arc-shaped guide rail 2, move; Can put on the scale indication of 0-90 degree during concrete enforcement on the above-mentioned infrared thermometer orientation measurement arc-shaped rail 2, infrared thermometer is constituted measured object on the plane that is formed by arc-shaped rail can be in 0～90 measured angular of spending range; One end of arc-shaped guide rail 2 is positioned at regulating shaft 3 junctions of direction adjusting knob 1 and measured object frame 4, and the other end of arc-shaped guide rail 2 is connected by the rotation axis of connecting rod 15 with big change wheel 9; Big change wheel 9 is connected with little change wheel 10 by gear band 14, and little change wheel 10 is connected on the rotation axis of stepper motor 12; Just can be with such gear band variator and computer-controlled stepper motor so that the plane that is formed by arc-shaped rail change in the scope of 0～180 degree, thus the control infrared thermometer is in the measured angular of another coordinate system;
(5) testee holds part: comprise the measured object frame 4 between the rotation axis that is installed in measured object frame regulating shaft 3 and big change wheel 9; Measured object frame regulating shaft 3 outer ends have one to have hold-down nut direction adjusting knob 1, can be carved with 180 ° angulation dish around near substrate 5 axis holes when specifically implementing the knob 1, so that adjust the angle of measured object;
Above-mentioned laser-bounce part, infrared thermometer regulating and controlling part and testee containing part branch are assembled on the device.
Apparatus structure of the present invention rationally, need not adopt anti-superpower illuminometer, avoid the time drift and the different error that causes of zero point drift of two kinds of radiometers; Simultaneously, instrument of the present invention has been avoided owing to do not consider the fatal shortcoming that object self heat radiation brings, solved and used single infrared thermometer to carry out object direction ratio radiance mensuration, provide a kind of blank of surveying instrument for being implemented in the scientific goal of measuring the Two dimensional Distribution of emissivity on the remote-sensing flatform in large area.
Generally speaking, collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement method of the present invention and instrument neither need object self heat radiation is heated, can not ignored to testee, also need not adopt anti-superpower illuminometer, the time drift of having avoided two kinds of radiometers and the different error that causes of zero point drift.Collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement method of the present invention and instrument have solved and have used single infrared thermometer to carry out object direction ratio radiance to measure problem and lay the foundation for the Two dimensional Distribution of measuring emissivity on remote-sensing flatform in large area, for realize fast, large tracts of land, at a distance obtain testee the direction ratio radiance target and paved road, impel Quantitative Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing that a breakthrough progress is arranged.
The emissivity of a collection of testee sample has successfully been measured in applicant of the present invention Institute of Geography, Academia Sinica thermal infrared remote sensing laboratory with the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. one kind collimates infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement method, it is characterized in that:
(1) utilize carbon dioxide laser as the collimation infrared source;
(2) with the lappet that is in the light the environment irradiance of carbon dioxide laser and two kinds of varying strengths of natural background light is alternately shone testee, the environment irradiance that testee is applied by such change is to extract the information of direction ratio radiance;
(3) laser spot that adopts the silicon concavees lens that laser-beam divergence one-tenth and infrared thermometer visual field are complementary;
(4) utilize low emissivity reflecting plate control infrared source direction, thereby can measure the direction ratio radiance of the objects such as water, soil of horizontal positioned;
(5) with high-precision infrared thermometer as the main signal components of assays;
(6) view angle of usefulness gear band variator and computer-controlled step motor control infrared thermometer;
(7) the carbon dioxide laser source adopts standard emissivity plate to demarcate;
(8) last, the numerical signal that infrared thermometer is measured is imported computing machine and utilized various softwares to calculate and inverting, draw the direction ratio radiance measured value of testee.
2. collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described silicon concavees lens adopt the silicon concavees lens of 8 degree, and described laser spot is the laser spot of diameter 8cm.
3. collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described low emissivity reflecting plate adopts gold-plated reflecting plate.
4. one kind collimates infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement instrument, and it comprises power supply [16], controller [17], and cage and panel [18], base plate [6], back-up block [11] is characterized in that it also comprises with lower member:
(1) Laser emission part: comprise carbon dioxide laser, silicon concavees lens;
(2) laser shield portions: comprise the lappet that is in the light [19] between Laser emission part and laser-bounce part;
(3) laser-bounce part: comprise the low emissivity reflecting plate [8] that is fixed on the transmitting mirror bracing frame [13];
(4) infrared thermometer regulating and controlling part: comprise infrared thermometer orientation measurement arc-shaped rail [2] and can go up the infrared thermometer [7] that moves at arc-shaped rail [2]; One end of arc-shaped rail [2] is positioned at the junction of the regulating shaft [3] of direction adjusting knob [1] and measured object frame [4], and the other end of arc-shaped rail [2] is connected by the rotation axis of connecting rod [15] with big change wheel [9]; Big change wheel [9] is connected with little change wheel [10] by gear band [14], and little change wheel [10] is connected on the rotation axis of stepper motor [12];
(5) testee holds part: comprise the measured object frame [4] between the rotation axis that is installed in measured object frame regulating shaft [3] and big change wheel [9]; There is a direction adjusting knob [1] that has a hold-down nut measured object frame regulating shaft [3] outer end;
Above-mentioned laser-bounce part, infrared thermometer regulating and controlling part and testee containing part branch are assembled on the device.
5. a collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement instrument as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the silicon concavees lens of described silicon concavees lens employing 8 degree.
6. collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement instrument as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described low emissivity reflecting plate adopts gold-plated reflecting plate.
7. collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement instrument as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the center of the described lappet that is in the light [19] is connected on the rotation axis of stepper motor [23]; Stepper motor [23] is fixed on the pressure pin sleeve [20] by pressure pin [22], screw [21].
8. collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement instrument as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described infrared thermometer orientation measurement arc-shaped rail [2] is marked with the scale of 0-90 degree.
9. collimation infrared source object direction ratio emissivity measurement instrument as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: substrate axis hole [5] is carved with 180 ° angulation dish on every side near the described knob [1].
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99103276 CN1101932C (en) | 1999-03-30 | 1999-03-30 | Collimated heat radiation source body directional specific radiation rate measuring method and its instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99103276 CN1101932C (en) | 1999-03-30 | 1999-03-30 | Collimated heat radiation source body directional specific radiation rate measuring method and its instrument |
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| CN1268662A CN1268662A (en) | 2000-10-04 |
| CN1101932C true CN1101932C (en) | 2003-02-19 |
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| CN 99103276 Expired - Fee Related CN1101932C (en) | 1999-03-30 | 1999-03-30 | Collimated heat radiation source body directional specific radiation rate measuring method and its instrument |
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| CN101458123B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Emissivity two-dimensional distribution and dimension conversion measuring instrument and measurement method thereof |
| CN108519217A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-11 | 西安微普光电技术有限公司 | A kind of adjustable infrared test system and method for multiple target visual field |
| CN113777556B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-09-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Radio signal three-dimensional amplitude comparison direction finding method and device |
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Granted publication date: 20030219 |