CN110190732B - Power supply and drive circuit of drive chip - Google Patents

Power supply and drive circuit of drive chip Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110190732B
CN110190732B CN201910298138.7A CN201910298138A CN110190732B CN 110190732 B CN110190732 B CN 110190732B CN 201910298138 A CN201910298138 A CN 201910298138A CN 110190732 B CN110190732 B CN 110190732B
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module
power supply
voltage
energy
diode
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CN110190732A (en
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陈宇
王汝文
康勇
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a power supply and a driving circuit of a driving chip, comprising: the energy-saving control system comprises a time sequence module, a power electronic switch module, an energy circulation path selection module, a short-time voltage stabilizing module and a long-time voltage stabilizing module; the state control end of the power electronic switch module is connected to the output end of the time sequence module; the energy input end of the energy circulation path selection module is connected to the energy output end of the power electronic switch module; the input end of the short-time voltage stabilizing module is connected to the first output end of the energy circulation path selection module, and the output end of the short-time voltage stabilizing module is used as the negative voltage output end of the power supply; the input end of the long-term voltage stabilizing module is connected to the second output end of the energy circulation path selection module, and the output end of the long-term voltage stabilizing module is used as the positive voltage output end of the power supply; the short-time voltage stabilizing module is used for storing energy and adjusting the amplitude of negative pressure output, the amplitude of the negative pressure output is reduced when the load is carried, and the amplitude of the output negative pressure is 0 or as low as possible in dead time before the pipe is closed and opened. The invention can prevent error conduction and reduce reverse conduction follow current loss.

Description

Power supply and drive circuit of drive chip
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of switching power supplies, and particularly relates to a power supply and a driving circuit of a driving chip.
Background
GaN HEMTs are one of the most advanced devices in recent years, and are widely used in power electronic converters due to their high switching speed and low conduction loss. In bridge circuit applications, an inductor is typically connected as a filter or load. Because the inductive current can not be suddenly changed, in the dead time when the upper and lower tubes of the bridge arm are in the off state, the current can follow current through the GaNHEMT which is reversely conducted (hereinafter, the GaN HEMT which is called the reverse-conduction follow current is called the follow current tube). Different from a Si MOSFET, the GaN HEMT does not have an anti-parallel diode, but due to the symmetrical structure of the GaN HEMT, when reverse voltage is applied to a drain-source electrode of the GaN HEMT to enable the grid-drain voltage to be higher than a threshold voltage, reverse conduction can be realized; reverse on-voltage drop of GaN HEMT and gate-source off-voltage V applied during turn-offgs_off(Vgs_off< 0) associated, excessive magnitude of Vgs_offExcessive reverse conduction voltage and thus excessive reverse conduction loss may result.
In addition, the GaN HEMT has extremely high switching speed, so the voltage change rate dv/dt of the switching node of the bridge circuit is extremely high. Dv/dt of non-follow current tube turn-on process will be to gate-drain capacitance C of follow current tubegdFast charging, due to the presence of drive loop drive resistance, stray inductance, CgdThe rapid charging of the charge-pump will result in a gate-source voltage V that turns off the freewheeling transistorgsA positive spike occurs. Given the extremely low threshold voltage of GaN HEMTs (typically around 1V), the spike may exceed the threshold voltage, causing the freewheeling tube in the off state to conduct, posing a shoot-through threat. In order to ensure reliable operation of the circuit, it is generally necessary to provide a negative pressure V during the switching-off of the freewheeling tubegs_off(Vgs_off< 0) ensures reliable shut-down. As described above, V is too large in amplitudegs_offThe reverse conduction loss of the follow current tube is increased, the system efficiency is reduced, and the heat dissipation burden of the system is increased.
In order to solve the problem of large reverse conduction loss during dead-zone freewheeling, some solutions have been proposed through research, and the solutions are mainly developed from two aspects of reducing dead-zone time and reducing reverse conduction voltage drop. Researches are made to dynamically change dead zone time according to operation conditions so as to ensure that dead zones under different conditions can be minimum; but the method is difficult to control, and simultaneously, the possibility of straight connection of the upper pipe and the lower pipe is increased; research is carried out on a GaN HEMT to connect a Schottky diode in parallel in a reverse direction, the reverse conduction voltage drop is reduced to the diode conduction voltage drop through diode follow current, but the parallel connection of the diode can influence the switching process of the GaN HEMT, introduce reverse recovery loss and increase the circuit cost; research has proposed the method of three level drive, namely through exerting a positive pressure less than threshold voltage to the negative voltage power supply end of the driver chip in the dead time, realize exerting the positive pressure to the grid source of the follow current GaN HEMT and reducing the reverse conduction voltage drop, but this method does not consider the problem of the misconduction, and need dispose multiple power supplies and increase the extra circuit and introduce the positive pressure in the dead time; in order to solve the problem of misconduction, a safety margin is increased by increasing negative voltage generated by an auxiliary circuit on the basis of three-level driving, but the driving circuit is complicated by increasing the auxiliary circuit, and stray parameters are introduced to influence the driving of the GaN HEMT.
In the prior art, the problem is mostly solved from a driving circuit, and the design from the perspective of a power supply of a driving chip is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a power supply for a driving chip, which aims to realize the functions of preventing error conduction and reducing reverse conduction follow current loss from the perspective of the power supply.
The invention provides a power supply for a driving chip, which comprises: the energy-saving control system comprises a time sequence module, a power electronic switch module, an energy circulation path selection module, a short-time voltage stabilizing module and a long-time voltage stabilizing module; the state control end of the power electronic switch module is connected to the output end of the time sequence module; the energy input end of the energy circulation path selection module is connected to the energy output end of the power electronic switch module, the input end of the short-time voltage stabilization module is connected to the first output end of the energy circulation path selection module, the input end of the long-time voltage stabilization module is connected to the second output end of the energy circulation path selection module, and the output of the short-time voltage stabilization module is used as the negative voltage output end of the power supply; the output of the long-term voltage stabilizing module is used as a positive voltage output end of the power supply; the time sequence module is used for outputting a first control signal or a second control signal according to an external geminate transistor control signal (hereinafter referred to as a GaN HEMT driven by a driving chip power supply in a bridge circuit as a local transistor, and the geminate transistor of the GaN HEMT driven by the driving chip power supply is a geminate transistor); the power electronic switch module is used for working in a first state according to the first control signal or working in a second state according to the second control signal; the first state of the power electronic switch module refers to the state that the power electronic switch module works in the state of being capable of supplying energy to the negative pressure loop, and the second state refers to the state that the power electronic switch module works in the state except the first state; the energy circulation path selection module is used for transferring energy to the short-time voltage stabilizing module when the power electronic switch module is in a first state and transferring energy to the long-time voltage stabilizing module when the power electronic switch module is in a second state; the short-time voltage stabilizing module is used for storing energy and adjusting the amplitude of negative pressure output, the amplitude of the negative pressure output is reduced when the load is carried, and the amplitude of the negative pressure output is 0 or as low as possible within dead time before the pipe is opened after the pair pipe is closed; and the long-time voltage stabilizing module is used for storing energy and adjusting the amplitude of positive pressure output.
Furthermore, the jumping time of the first control signal switched to the second control signal in the timing sequence module is the same as the jumping time of the geminate transistor control signal for controlling the geminate transistor to be switched on.
Furthermore, the duration of the first control signal output by the timing module is a preset time tpre(ii) a The preset time tpreThe value of (2) needs to ensure that the energy provided to the short-time voltage stabilizing module in the time period when the time sequence module outputs the first control signal and the power electronic switch module is in the first state can enable the negative voltage output amplitude to reach the expected amplitude with enough margin to avoid false conduction.
Further, the timing module includes: capacitor Cc1Capacitor Cc2Resistance Rc1Resistance Rc2Resistance Rc3Resistance Rc4Comparator COMP and NPN triode Qc(ii) a Capacitor Cc1One end of the time sequence module is used as the input end of the time sequence module and is connected with an external geminate transistor control signal, and a capacitor Cc1The other end of the transistor is connected with an NPN triode QcA base electrode of (1); NPN triode QcIs connected with a power supply VsNegative electrode, collector electrode connecting resistance Rc2One end of (A) Rc2The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply VsA positive electrode; resistance Rc1Is connected to an NPN triode QcBetween the base and the emitter; capacitor Cc2Is connected to an NPN triode QcBetween the collector and the emitter; resistance Rc3One end of which is connected with a power supply VsA positive electrode and another end connected with a resistor Rc4One end of (a); resistance Rc4The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply VsA negative electrode; NPN triode QcA collector connected to the positive input terminal of a comparator COMP, and a resistor Rc3And a resistor Rc4The connection point of the comparator is connected with the negative input end of a comparator COMP, and the output end of the comparator COMP is used as the output end of the time sequence module.
Further, electricityThe force electronic switch module includes: transformer T, switch tube SsAnd an absorption loop; switch tube SsThe drain electrode is connected to the primary different name end of the transformer T, and the source electrode is connected with a power supply VsThe grid electrode is used as a state control end of the power electronic switch module; the switch tube SsThe controller is controlled by the first control signal to work in a first state and controlled by the second control signal to work in a second state; the absorption loop is connected between the homonymous end and the synonym end of the primary side of the transformer T and is used for absorbing leakage inductance energy; and the secondary side of the transformer is used as the output end of the power electronic switch module.
Still further, the absorption circuit comprises: capacitor CabResistance RabAnd a diode Dab(ii) a Capacitor CabAnd a resistor RabAfter parallel connection, one end is connected to the primary side homonymous end of the transformer T, and the other end is connected to the diode DabNegative electrode, diode DabThe positive pole is connected to the primary different name end of the transformer T.
Still further, the energy flow path selection module includes: diode D1Diode D2Diode D3And a capacitor Cb(ii) a Diode D1The negative electrode is connected with a T secondary different name end of the transformer and a diode D1The anode is used as a first output end of the energy flow path selection module; diode D2The anode is connected with a homonymous terminal of a secondary side of the transformer T and a diode D2Negative electrode connecting capacitor CbOne terminal, capacitor CbThe other end is connected with a T secondary synonym end of the transformer; diode D3Diode D connected to anode2Negative electrode, diode D3The negative pole is used as a second output end of the energy flow path selection module.
Still further, the short-time voltage stabilization module includes: resistance R2Voltage regulator tube D5Capacitor C1And a diode D6(ii) a Resistance R2One end of the resistor R is used as the input end of the short-time voltage stabilizing module2The other end is connected with a voltage stabilizing tube D5Anode, stabilivolt D5The negative electrode is connected with the homonymous end of the secondary side of the transformer T; capacitor C1Diode D6And a voltage regulator tube D5Parallel connected, diode D6Negative electrode connected with voltage regulator tube D5Negative electrode, diode D6Anode connected to stabilivolt D5A positive electrode; voltage stabilizing tube D5Negative electrode is negative pressure output reference ground GMDdriVoltage regulator tube D5Positive electrode is negative pressure output end VEE。
Still further, the long-term voltage stabilization module includes: resistance R1Voltage regulator tube D4Capacitor C2And a capacitor C3(ii) a Resistance R1One end of the resistor R is used as the input end of the long-term voltage stabilizing module1The other end is connected with a voltage stabilizing tube D4Negative electrode, stabilivolt D4The positive electrode is connected with the homonymous end of the secondary side of the transformer T; capacitor C2One end is connected with a diode D3Negative electrode, capacitor C2The other end is connected with the homonymous end of the secondary side of the transformer T; capacitor C3And a voltage regulator tube D4Parallel connection; voltage stabilizing tube D4The positive electrode outputs a reference ground GNDdriNegative pole is positive voltage output end VCC。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable effects that:
(1) the amplitude of the negative-pressure output voltage of the power supply in the dead zone before the switching tube driven by the power supply is switched on is 0 or as small as possible, so that the reverse follow current conduction loss can be reduced;
(2) the negative voltage amplitude of the power supply is the largest when the geminate transistors are switched on, so that the error conduction caused by switching on the geminate transistors of the bridge circuit can be prevented;
(3) the function of preventing misconduction and reducing reverse conduction follow current loss is realized by aiming at the design of a power supply source of a driving chip, the driving chip can be directly matched with a conventional and mature driving circuit scheme for use, the application is simple, and the driving circuit is not required to be additionally and complexly designed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a power supply of a driver chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a specific circuit diagram of a power supply of a driver chip according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a working waveform of a timing module in a power supply of a driver chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an operating waveform of a power supply of a driver chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an application example of a power supply of a driver chip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an operating waveform of an application of a power supply of a driver chip in a synchronous rectification buck according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a specific circuit diagram of a power supply of a driving chip according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a driving chip power supply with an output negative voltage amplitude capable of being attenuated and reduced, which is mainly applied to providing a power supply for driving a GaN HEMT. The power supply provided by the invention can supply power for the driving chip, can be directly matched with a conventional and mature driving circuit for use, and simultaneously realizes the functions of reducing reverse follow current loss and preventing misconduction.
The power supply for the driving chip provided by the invention comprises: the system comprises a time sequence module 1, a power electronic switch module 2, an energy circulation path selection module 3, a short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 and a long-time voltage stabilizing module 5; the time sequence module 1 inputs a control signal of a pair tube and outputs a state control signal, and is connected with a state control port of the power electronic switch module 2; the state control signal has two states of a first control signal and a second control signal; the power electronic switch module 2 can be divided into a first state and a second state according to the destination of energy transmitted during operation (wherein the first state is defined as a state that the power electronic switch module can supply energy to a negative pressure loop, and the second state is defined as a state that the power electronic switch module can supply energy to the negative pressure loop, and the state is determined by a state control signal output by the timing sequence module 1; when the timing module 1 outputs the first controlWhen the signal is received, the power electronic switch module 2 is in a first state; when the timing module 1 outputs a second control signal, the power electronic switch module 2 is in a second state; the energy output end of the power electronic switch module 2 is connected with the energy input end of the energy circulation path selection module 3; the first output end of the energy circulation path selection module 3 is connected with the input end of the short-time voltage stabilization module 4, and the second output end is connected with the input end of the long-time voltage stabilization module 5; the output of the short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 is the negative voltage output of the power supply; the output of the long-time voltage stabilizing module 5 is positive-voltage output of the power supply; the state control signal output by the timing module 1 has the same frequency as the pair transistor control signal (frequency f)sWith a period of Ts＝1/fs) The jumping time of the state control signal switched from the first control signal to the second control signal is the same as the jumping time of the geminate transistor control signal for controlling the geminate transistor to be opened; the duration of the first control signal output by the time sequence module is preset time tpre(ii) a Preset time tpreThe value of (2) needs to ensure that the energy provided to the short-time voltage stabilization module 4 in the time period when the power electronic switch module 2 is in the first state can enable the negative voltage output amplitude to reach the expected amplitude with enough margin to avoid false conduction; the energy circulation path selection module 3 selects and transmits energy to the short-time voltage stabilization module 4 or the long-time voltage stabilization module 5 according to the state of the power electronic switch module 2; the short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 stores the energy transmitted by the energy circulation path selection module 3, adjusts the amplitude of negative pressure output, can realize that the negative pressure output amplitude is reduced through capacitor discharge when carrying load, and outputs the negative pressure amplitude as 0 or as low as possible in dead time before the tube is opened after the tube is closed; the long-time voltage stabilizing module 5 stores the energy transmitted by the energy circulation path selection module 3, and adjusts and stabilizes the amplitude of positive voltage output; the positive voltage output and the negative voltage output of the power supply of the driving chip supply power for the secondary side of the driving chip.
According to the invention, the power electronic switch module is divided into a first state and a second state, and the energy circulation loop selection module is combined to form two energy circulation loops for respectively supplying energy to the positive voltage output loop and the negative voltage output loop so as to respectively control the output voltage state. When the power electronic switch module 2 is in a first state, the energy circulation path selection module 3 sends energy to the short-time voltage stabilization module 4; when the power electronic switch module 2 is in the second state, the energy circulation path selection module 3 sends energy to the long-term voltage stabilization module 5. When the power electronic switch module selects different circuit structures and the number and the positions of the internal switches are different, the concrete expression forms of the first state and the second state are different.
According to the invention, through the matching of the timing module 1 in the power supply and the geminate transistor control signal, negative-pressure power supply is provided in the process of opening the geminate transistor which is most prone to be conducted by mistake, so that the phenomenon that the geminate transistor is conducted by mistake due to a positive peak generated by the voltage of the grid source electrode of the geminate transistor is prevented; the negative pressure with the amplitude value of 0 or as low as possible is provided in the dead time after the pair transistors are switched off and before the tubes are switched on without false conduction threat, and the switching-off negative pressure V of the grid source electrode of the tube is reducedgs_offAnd the reverse conduction freewheeling loss is reduced.
The timing module 1 can be realized by software or hardware circuit; the time duration of the first control signal output by the time sequence module 1 is tpreWhen the geminate transistor control signal controls the geminate transistor to be switched on, the output first control signal is switched to the second control signal, so that the power electronic switch module 2 is switched from the first state to the second state; the power electronic switch module 2 comprises a transformer to realize the function of power supply isolation; the energy circulation path selection module 3 transmits energy to the short-time voltage stabilization module 4 when the power electronic switch module 2 is in a first state, and transmits energy to the long-time voltage stabilization module 5 when the power electronic switch module 2 is in a second state; the short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 stores energy and adjusts the amplitude of the negative-pressure output voltage of the power supply through a small-capacitance value capacitor (pF level, value is related to the working frequency of the power supply; the stored energy is less, and the energy can be released to quickly reduce the voltage when the power electronic switch module 2 is in a load state) in the module when the power electronic switch module 2 is in a first state, and the energy storage is finished when the power electronic switch module 2 is switched to a second state, namely the amplitude of the negative-pressure output voltage of the driving power supply is highest at the moment of switching on a geminate transistor; the short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 discharges when the power supply is loaded, namely, the power supply is connected with the driving chip and the driving switch tube, reduces the negative pressure output amplitude and reduces the negative pressure output amplitude to 0 when the pair tube is switched offOr as low as possible; when the power electronic switch module 2 is in the second state, the long-term voltage stabilizing module 5 stores energy through a large-capacitance-value capacitor (uF level, the stored energy is far larger than the energy required by the driving chip and the GaN HEMT switch, and the voltage fluctuation is small in the discharging process) in the module, adjusts the positive voltage output voltage amplitude of the power supply, and finishes storing energy when the power electronic switch module 2 is switched to the first state; the long-time voltage stabilizing module 5 discharges when the power supply is loaded and keeps the positive voltage output amplitude stable.
The power supply provided by the invention supplies power to the secondary side of the driving chip, and the positive voltage output and the negative voltage output are directly connected with the pin of the driving chip for supplying power; in view of the fact that the amplitude of the output signal of the driving chip is directly related to the amplitude of the power supply voltage, the invention realizes that negative voltage is provided to ensure reliable turn-off in the time period when the misconduction is most likely to occur, namely when the pair tube is turned on, and negative voltage with the amplitude of 0 or as low as possible is provided to reduce the turn-off voltage V of the GaN HEMT gate source electrode in the time period without the risk of misconduction, namely in the dead zone before the tube is turned ongs_offThe reverse conduction follow current loss is reduced, no special requirements are required on the structural design of the driving circuit, and the driving circuit can be directly matched with a conventional and mature driving circuit for application.
In view of the fact that the amplitude of the output signal of the driving chip is directly related to the power supply, the GaN HEMT grid-source voltage can be controlled by controlling the output voltage state of the power supply, and the functions of reducing reverse follow current loss during the dead zone and preventing the bridge circuit from being conducted mistakenly are achieved.
Fig. 2 shows a specific circuit of the power supply provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and the detailed description is as follows:
the power supply of the driving chip comprises: the system comprises a time sequence module 1, a power electronic switch module 2, an energy circulation path selection module 3, a short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 and a long-time voltage stabilizing module 5;
wherein, the timing module 1 includes: cc1、Cc2Resistance Rc1、Rc2、Rc3、Rc4Comparator COMP, NPN triode Qc. Input of sequential module 1The signal is a geminate transistor control signal and is connected with a capacitor Cc1One terminal of (C), a capacitorc1The other end of the transistor is connected with an NPN triode QcA base electrode of (1); NPN triode QcIs connected with a power supply VsNegative electrode, collector electrode connecting resistance Rc2One end of (A) Rc2The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply VsA positive electrode; resistance Rc1Connecting NPN triode QcBase and emitter, capacitor Cc2Connecting NPN triode QcCollector and emitter of (2); resistance Rc3One end is connected with a power supply VsA positive electrode and another end connected with a resistor Rc4Resistance Rc4The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply VsA negative electrode; NPN triode QcA collector connected to the positive input terminal of a comparator COMP, and a resistor Rc3And a resistor Rc4Is connected with the negative input end of a comparator COMP, and the output signal PWM of the comparator COMPpThe time sequence module 1 outputs signals and is connected with the power electronic switch module 2.
The working waveform of the timing module 1 is shown in FIG. 3, and the capacitor Cc1And a resistance Rc1Filtering the geminate transistor control signal input by the time sequence module 1 at a resistor Rc1Obtain a pulse signal VRc1(ii) a NPN transistor QcPulse signal V received by base electrodeRc1Back on, capacitor CCc2Is discharged; capacitor Cc2Charging in a time period from the occurrence of the rising edge of the pair transistor control signal to the arrival of the next rising edge, wherein the voltage V at two endsCc2Approximate triangular wave; resistance Rc4And a resistor Rc3To the power supply voltage VsPartial pressure at Rc4Obtain a voltage V at both endsRc4(hereinafter referred to simply as a comparison level); the positive input of the comparator COMP is connected to the transistor QcThe collector of (2) inputs the triangular wave VCc2And the negative input end is connected with a resistor Rc3And Rc4Connection point, input comparison level VRc4The comparator compares the triangular wave vCc2And a comparison level VRc4Obtaining a state control signal PWM of the power electronic switch module 2p(ii) a State control signal PWMpCorresponding to the first control signal when the voltage is high level, the power electronic switch module 2 is controlled to be in the first stateState, state control signal PWMpWhen the level is low, the power electronic switch module 2 is controlled to be in a second state corresponding to the second control signal; the duration of the first control signal output by the time sequence module 1 is tpre(ii) a State control signal PWM output by time sequence module 1pWhen the rising edge of the pair transistor control signal occurs, the pair transistor control signal jumps from a high level to a low level, and the power electronic switch module 2 is controlled to be switched from a first state to a second state; state control signal PWM output by time sequence module 1pThrough (T)s-tpre) Then, jumping from a low level to a high level, and controlling the power electronic switch module 2 to switch from the second state to the first state; preset time tpreCan be adjusted by adjusting the resistance Rc2、Rc3、Rc4And a capacitor Cc2And (4) adjusting the value of (A).
The power electronic switch module 2 comprises: transformer T, switch tube SsCapacitor CabResistance RabAnd a diode Dab(ii) a Wherein the switch tube SsThe drain electrode is connected with the different name end of the primary side of the transformer T, and the source electrode is connected with the power supply VsThe negative electrode and the grid electrode are connected with a state control signal PWM generated by the time sequence module 1p(ii) a Capacitor CabAnd RabConnected in parallel, one end of which is connected to a power supply VsAnode and the other end connected to diode DabNegative electrode, diode DabThe positive pole is connected to the primary different name end C of the transformer Tab、Rab、DabAn RCD absorption loop is formed to absorb leakage inductance energy; the secondary side of the transformer is connected with an energy flow path selection module 3, wherein the dotted terminals of the secondary side are reference ground GND of positive voltage output and negative voltage outputdri(ii) a Switch tube SsOn-state control signal PWMpIs turned on at a high level, PWMpIs turned off when the voltage is low; power electronic switch module 2 in switch tube SsIs in a first state when being switched on, and is in a switch tube SsAnd is in a second state when turned off.
The energy flow path selection module 3 includes: diode D1，D2，D3Capacitor Cb(ii) a Wherein the diode D1The negative pole is connected with the different name end of the secondary side of the transformer T, and the positive pole is connected with the short-time voltage stabilizing module 4; diode with a high-voltage sourceD2The positive pole is connected with the same name end of the secondary side of the transformer T, and the negative pole is connected with the capacitor CbCapacitor CbThe other end is connected with a T secondary synonym end of the transformer; diode D3Diode D connected to anode2The negative electrode is connected with the long-term voltage stabilizing module 5; when the time sequence module 1 outputs a signal to control the power electronic switch module 2 to be in a first state, the voltage of the secondary side of the transformer T is up-down negative (the dotted terminal of the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer are defined as up, and the dotted terminal is down), and the diode D1The energy circulation path selection module 3 is conducted to transmit energy to the short-time voltage stabilization module 4; diode D2Is conducted to a capacitor CbCharging, here a capacitor CbThe energy storage circuit is used for storing energy to be sent to the long-time voltage stabilizing module 5, and a large-capacitance-value capacitor (such as 10uF) is required to be selected as a capacitance value; when the time sequence module 1 outputs signals to control the power electronic switch module 2 to be in a second state, the secondary side voltage of the transformer is negative and positive, and the diode D3And (4) conducting, and transmitting energy to the long-time voltage stabilizing module 5 by the energy circulation path selection module 3.
The short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 comprises a resistor R2Voltage regulator tube D5Capacitor C1And a diode D6(ii) a Resistance R2One-terminal diode D in the energy flow path selection module 31The anode is connected with a voltage regulator tube D5Anode, stabilivolt D5The negative electrode is connected with the homonymous end of the secondary side of the transformer T; capacitor C1Diode D6And a voltage regulator tube D5Parallel connected, diode D6Negative electrode connected with voltage regulator tube D5The negative electrode and the positive electrode are connected with a voltage stabilizing tube D5A positive electrode; voltage stabilizing tube D5The negative electrode is a negative-pressure output ground GNDdriPositive pole is negative pressure output end VEE(ii) a Resistance R2And a voltage stabilizing tube D5For adjusting the output voltage amplitude; capacitor C1A small-resistance capacitor (such as 15pF) is selected to store energy obtained by the short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 when the power electronic switch module 2 is in the first state, and energy storage is finished when the module 2 is switched from the second state to the first state; capacitor C1When the driving power supply is loaded, energy is provided for discharging, the amplitude of output voltage is reduced, and a capacitor with a small capacitance value with a proper value is selected, so that the negative-pressure output amplitude is reduced to 0 or 0 when the geminate transistors are turned offAs low as possible (capacitance C when the duty cycle of the transistor is very small)1The discharge time is very short, and the capacitor C is arranged at the moment of closing the pair transistors1Not fully discharged) change the capacitance C1Can change the discharge time taOr the negative voltage V of the power supply in the dead zone before switching onEEAn amplitude value; diode D6For clamping capacitors C1To avoid the gate-source turn-off voltage Vgs_offThe occurrence of a too high positive voltage leads to misconduction.
The long-term voltage stabilizing module 5 comprises a resistor R1Voltage regulator tube D4Capacitor C2、C3(ii) a Resistance R1One-terminal diode D in the energy flow path selection module 33The negative electrode and the other end are connected with a voltage stabilizing tube D4Negative electrode, stabilivolt D4The positive electrode is connected with the homonymous end of the secondary side of the transformer T; capacitor C2One end is connected with a diode D3The other end of the negative electrode is connected with the homonymous end of the secondary side of the transformer T; capacitor C3And a voltage regulator tube D4Parallel connection; voltage stabilizing tube D4The positive electrode outputs a reference ground GNDdriNegative pole is positive voltage output end VCC(ii) a Resistance R1And a voltage stabilizing tube D4For adjusting the output voltage amplitude; capacitor C2、C3Selecting a large-capacitance-value capacitor (such as 10uF) to store energy obtained by the long-time voltage stabilizing module 5 when the power electronic switch module 2 is in the second state; capacitor C2、C3When the driving power supply is loaded, the discharge can be realized, and the stability of the positive voltage output amplitude can be kept.
The output voltage of the power supply provided by the embodiment of the invention is connected with the driving chip. Positive voltage output end V of power supplyCCThe positive voltage power supply end of the driving chip is connected to provide positive voltage power supply for the driving chip; negative voltage output end V of power supplyEEConnecting the negative voltage power supply end or the reference ground of the driving chip (part of the driving chip has no special negative voltage power supply pin, and then V is connected to the reference groundEEIntroducing negative voltage in reference), and providing negative voltage power supply for the driving chip; ground GND of power supply referencedriIs connected with the reference ground of the driving chip (GND if the driving chip has a negative voltage pindriTo which it is referred to, if not) and the source of the driven GaN HEMT.
FIG. 4The working waveform diagram of the power supply is shown, and the state control signal PWM output by the time sequence module 1 is shownpTiming relation with the pair transistor control signal, positive voltage output and negative voltage output waveform schematic diagram of power supply and grid-source waveform v when GaN HEMT is driven by the driving chip powered by the power supplygs。
The following description will be given, by taking an example of the application of the power supply provided by the embodiment of the present invention in a synchronous rectification buck circuit, and taking reference to the accompanying drawings, as follows:
as shown in FIG. 5(a), the synchronous rectification buck circuit includes a power supply Vin，GaN HEMT S1And S2LC filter circuit and load R. GaN HEMTS1、S2And the series connection is carried out to form a bridge structure, and a connection point SN is a switch node. S1And S2The driving circuit adopts a method of isolating power supply for isolation. The power supply 1 receives the lower tube S2Control signal PWM2The output voltage supplies power for the driving chip 1; drive chip 1 receiving upper tube S1Control signal PWM1Output signal driving upper tube S1. Power supply 2 receiving upper tube S1Control signal PWM1The output voltage supplies power for the driving chip 2; the driving chip 2 receives the lower tube S2Control signal PWM2Output signal drives lower tube S2。
As shown in fig. 5(b), the connection between the power supply and the driving chip is schematically shown, the driving chip selected in this embodiment does not have a dedicated negative voltage power supply pin, and the positive voltage output terminal V of the power supplyCCA positive-pressure power supply pin connected with the secondary side of the drive chip and a negative-pressure output end VEEA secondary reference ground pin of the driving chip and a power supply reference ground GNDdriAnd connecting the source electrode of the GaN HEMT.
FIG. 6 shows the operating waveforms of the power supply applied to the synchronous rectification buck, where PWM is used1、PWM2Control signals, PWM, for the upper and lower tubes, respectivelyp1，PWMp2Respectively the state control signals v of the power supply of the upper and lower tubes generated by the power supply time sequence module 1gs1、vgs2Respectively, the gate source voltages of the upper and lower transistors.
When the synchronous rectification buck works in a current continuous state, the upper tube S is connected1For a rectifier tube, lower tube S2Is a flow-continuing pipe. At S2Off, S1Dead time t before switching ondIn which the inductor current passes through S which is reversely conducted2Afterflow; when S is1When the switch is switched on, the SN voltage of the switch node suddenly changes from 0 to the power supply voltage (for the convenience of description, the conduction voltage drop of the GaN tube is ignored), and S2Gate-drain capacitance CgdIs charged, and a charging current flows through the lower tube S2Resulting in a lower tube S2Gate source electrode V ofgs2The invention provides a negative voltage output voltage with amplitude larger than 0 at the moment when a positive peak appears, and the negative voltage output voltage is S2The lower tube provides a negative turn-off voltage vgs_off2The false conduction caused by the positive peak can be avoided; at S1Off, S2Dead time t before switching ondIn which the inductor current passes through S which is reversely conducted2Freewheeling, the capacitor in the short-time regulation module 4 generating the negative voltage output in view of the present invention can be discharged through the drive circuit over time ta2The amplitude decays to 0, so that the S2 gate-source off voltage Vgs_off2The amplitude is 0 in the dead time, and the afterflow tube S is reduced2Reverse conduction loss of (2); therefore, the invention realizes the functions of preventing misconduction and reducing loss.
Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention, described in detail below:
the timing module 1 can be realized by software, and generates a state control signal meeting a timing relation by programming in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP); the input signal of the time sequence module 1 is a geminate transistor control signal and an output state control signal PWMpThe state control port of the power electronic switch module 2 is connected; the first control signal corresponds to PWMpAt a high level, the second control signal corresponds to PWMpIs low level; state control signal PWM generated by time sequence module 1pThe falling edge is aligned with the rising edge of the pair transistor control signal; the duration of the first control signal output by the timing module 1 is a preset time tpre(ii) a Preset time tpreIs set to ensure at tpreIn time period, the time sequence module 1 outputs the first controlIn the time period when the signal and power electronic switch module 2 is in the first state, the energy provided to the short-time voltage stabilization module 4 can enable the negative voltage output amplitude to reach the expected amplitude with enough margin to avoid error conduction; preset time tpreThe DSP program setting can be adjusted through an adjusting program.
The power electronic switch module 2 comprises: transformer TsSwitching tube Ss1，Ss2Diode Ds1，Ds2An isolation module; wherein the switch tube Ss1The grid electrode is connected with the state control signal PWM after being isolated by the isolation modulep(ii) a Switch tube Ss1Drain electrode connected to power supply VsAnode and source connected with diode Ds1Cathode and transformer TsPrimary dotted terminal, diode Ds1The anode is connected with a power supply VsA negative electrode; switch tube Ss2The state control signal PWM transmitted by the grid electrode connection time sequence module 1pSource connected to power supply VsNegative electrode, drain electrode connected with diode Ds2Positive electrode and transformer TsPrimary synonym terminal, diode Ds2Negative pole is connected with a power supply VsA positive electrode; switch tube Ss1、Ss2On-state control signal PWMpIs turned on at a high level, PWMpIs turned off when the voltage is low; first state corresponding switch tube S of power electronic switch module 2s1、Ss2The on state and the second state correspond to the switch tube Ss1、Ss2An off state.
The energy flow path selection module 3 includes: diode Ds3，Ds4(ii) a Wherein the diode Ds3Negative pole connection transformer TsThe positive electrode of the secondary different-name end is connected with the short-time voltage stabilizing module 4; diode Ds4Positive pole connection transformer TsThe negative electrode of the secondary side different name end is connected with the long-time voltage stabilizing module 5; when the power electronic switch module is in a first state, the voltage of the secondary winding of the transformer is positive and negative, and the diode Ds3The energy flow path selection module 3 is conducted to transmit energy to the short-time voltage stabilization module 4; when the power electronic switch module is in the second state, the voltage of the secondary winding of the transformer is up-negative and down-positive, and the diode Ds4Conduction, energy flowThe dynamic path selection module 3 transfers energy to the long-time voltage stabilization module 5.
The short-time voltage stabilization module 4 includes: three-terminal voltage stabilizer U1And a capacitor Cs1(ii) a Three-terminal regulator U1Input terminal connected with diode Ds3A positive electrode with a negative voltage output end VEEThe grounding end is connected with a transformer TsThe secondary side homonymous terminal is used as a power supply negative voltage output reference ground GNDdri(ii) a Capacitor Cs1Connected in parallel to a three-terminal regulator U1Between the output terminal of (1) and the ground terminal; three-terminal voltage stabilizer U1Used for adjusting the amplitude of the negative voltage output voltage; capacitor CslA small-capacitance-value capacitor (such as a pF level) is selected for storing energy acquired by the short-time voltage stabilizing module 4 when the power electronic switch module 2 is in the first state, energy storage is finished when the module 2 is switched from the first state to the second state, energy is provided for a load in a loading process, voltage amplitude is reduced through discharging, and negative voltage output amplitude is reduced to 0 or to the lowest possible state in a dead zone after the pair tubes are switched off and before the pair tubes are switched on.
The long-term voltage stabilization module 5 includes: three-terminal voltage stabilizer U2And a capacitor Cs2(ii) a Three-terminal regulator U2Input terminal connected with diode Ds4Negative pole with positive voltage output end V of power supplyCCThe grounding end is connected with a transformer TsThe secondary side homonymous terminal is used as a power supply positive voltage output reference ground GNDdri(ii) a Capacitor Cs2Connected in parallel to a three-terminal regulator U2Between the output terminal of (1) and the ground terminal; three-terminal voltage stabilizer U2Used for adjusting the amplitude of the positive voltage output voltage; capacitor Cs2And a large-capacitance-value capacitor (such as a uF-level capacitor) is selected for storing energy and stable output voltage obtained by the long-term voltage stabilizing module 5 when the power electronic switch module 2 is in the second state, and the stability of the positive voltage output amplitude is kept in the loading process.
In the present invention, the respective blocks of different structures mentioned in the first embodiment and the second embodiment may be used in combination with each other as long as they conform to the circuit principle.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A power supply for a driver chip, comprising: the energy-saving control system comprises a time sequence module (1), a power electronic switch module (2), an energy circulation path selection module (3), a short-time voltage stabilization module (4) and a long-time voltage stabilization module (5);
the state control end of the power electronic switch module (2) is connected to the output end of the time sequence module (1);
the energy input end of the energy circulation path selection module (3) is connected to the energy output end of the power electronic switch module (2), the input end of the short-time voltage stabilization module (4) is connected to the first output end of the energy circulation path selection module (3), the input end of the long-time voltage stabilization module (5) is connected to the second output end of the energy circulation path selection module (3),
the output of the short-time voltage stabilizing module (4) is used as a negative voltage output end of a power supply; the output of the long-time voltage stabilizing module (5) is used as a positive voltage output end of a power supply;
the time sequence module (1) is used for outputting a first control signal and a second control signal in sequence according to an external geminate transistor control signal according to a time sequence; the timing module (1) comprises: capacitor Cc1Capacitor Cc2Resistance Rc1Resistance Rc2Resistance Rc3Resistance Rc4Comparator COMP and NPN triode Qc；
Capacitor Cc1As the input end of the time sequence module (1) for connecting an external geminate transistor control signal, and a capacitor Cc1The other end of the transistor is connected with an NPN triode QcA base electrode of (1); NPN triode QcIs connected with a power supply VsNegative electrode, collector electrode connecting resistance Rc2One end of (A) Rc2The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply VsA positive electrode;
resistance Rc1Is connected to an NPN triode QcBetween the base and the emitter;
capacitor Cc2Is connected to an NPN triode QcBetween the collector and the emitter;
resistance Rc3One end of which is connected with a power supply VsA positive electrode and another end connected with a resistor Rc4One end of (a);
resistance Rc4The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply VsA negative electrode;
NPN triode QcA collector connected to the positive input terminal of a comparator COMP, and a resistor Rc3And a resistor Rc4The connecting point of the timing module is connected with the negative input end of a comparator COMP, and the output end of the comparator COMP is used as the output end of the timing module;
the power electronic switch module (2) is used for working in a first state according to the first control signal or working in a second state according to the second control signal;
the energy circulation path selection module (3) is used for transferring energy to the short-term voltage stabilizing module (4) when the power electronic switch module (2) works in a first state and transferring energy to the long-term voltage stabilizing module (5) when the power electronic switch module (2) works in a second state;
the short-time voltage stabilizing module (4) is used for storing energy and adjusting the amplitude of negative pressure output;
and the long-time voltage stabilizing module (5) is used for storing energy and adjusting the amplitude of positive pressure output.
2. The power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition time of the first control signal to the second control signal in the timing module (1) is the same as the transition time of the pair tube control signal to control the pair tube to be turned on.
3. The power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the time duration of the output of the first control signal by the timing module (1) is a preset time tpre；
The preset time tpreThe value of (A) needs to ensure that the energy provided to the short-time voltage stabilizing module in the time period when the power electronic switch module is in the on state can enable the negative pressure output amplitude value to be enoughThe margin avoids the desired magnitude of misconduction.
4. Power supply source according to claim 1, characterized in that said power electronic switching module (2) comprises: transformer T, switch tube SsAnd an absorption loop;
the switch tube SsThe drain electrode is connected to the primary different name end of the transformer T, and the source electrode is connected with a power supply VsThe grid of the negative electrode is used as a state control end of the power electronic switch module (2); the switch tube SsThe switch-on is controlled by the first control signal, and the switch-off is controlled by the second control signal;
the absorption loop is connected between the homonymous end and the synonym end of the primary side of the transformer T and is used for absorbing leakage inductance energy;
and the secondary side of the transformer is used as the output end of the power electronic switch module (2).
5. The power supply of claim 4 wherein said absorption loop comprises: capacitor CabResistance RabAnd a diode Dab；
Capacitor CabAnd a resistor RabOne end of the parallel connection is connected to a power supply VsAnode and the other end connected to diode DabNegative electrode, diode DabThe positive pole is connected to the primary different name end of the transformer T.
6. Power supply source according to claim 1, characterized in that said energy flow path selection module (3) comprises: diode D1Diode D2, diode D3 and capacitor Cb;
the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the synonym terminal of the secondary side of the transformer T, and the anode of the diode D1 is used as the first output end of the energy flow path selection module (3);
the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the homonymous end of the secondary side of the transformer T, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with one end of the capacitor Cb, and the other end of the capacitor Cb is connected with the synonym end of the secondary side of the transformer T;
the anode of the diode D3 is connected with the cathode of the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D3 is used as the second output end of the energy flow path selection module (3).
7. Power supply source according to claim 1, characterized in that said short-time regulation module (4) comprises: a resistor R2, a voltage regulator tube D5, a capacitor C1 and a diode D6;
one end of the resistor R2 is used as the input end of the short-time voltage-stabilizing module (4), the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the anode of a voltage-stabilizing tube D5, and the cathode of the voltage-stabilizing tube D5 is connected with the dotted end of the secondary side of the transformer T;
the capacitor C1 and the diode D6 are connected with the voltage regulator tube D5 in parallel, the negative electrode of the diode D6 is connected with the negative electrode of the voltage regulator tube D5, and the positive electrode of the diode D6 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage regulator tube D5; the negative electrode of the voltage-stabilizing tube D5 is a negative-pressure output reference ground GNDdri, and the positive electrode of the voltage-stabilizing tube D5 is a negative-pressure output end VEE.
8. Power supply source according to claim 1, characterized in that said long-term voltage regulation module (5) comprises: a resistor R1, a voltage regulator tube D4, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3;
one end of the resistor R1 is used as the input end of the long-time voltage stabilizing module (5), the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the negative electrode of a voltage stabilizing tube D4, and the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing tube D4 is connected with the dotted end of the secondary side of the transformer T;
one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the cathode of the diode D3, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the dotted end of the secondary side of the transformer T;
the capacitor C3 is connected with the voltage regulator tube D4 in parallel; the anode of the voltage regulator tube D4 is a positive voltage output reference ground GNDdri, and the cathode is a positive voltage output terminal VCC.
9. A drive circuit, comprising: the drive chip and be used for supplying power to drive chip's power supply, characterized in that, the power supply is the power supply of any claim 1-8.
CN201910298138.7A 2019-04-15 2019-04-15 Power supply and drive circuit of drive chip Active CN110190732B (en)

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CN115694192B (en) * 2021-07-26 2024-04-26 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Voltage conversion circuit, control method, power supply device, and storage medium
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