CN110190599A - A kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory - Google Patents

A kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory Download PDF

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CN110190599A
CN110190599A CN201910495672.7A CN201910495672A CN110190599A CN 110190599 A CN110190599 A CN 110190599A CN 201910495672 A CN201910495672 A CN 201910495672A CN 110190599 A CN110190599 A CN 110190599A
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output
voltage
capacitance sensor
frequency
finite time
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CN110190599B (en
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窦春霞
胡小龙
张博
张占强
吴迪
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Ai Qian
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Yanshan University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • H02J3/382
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)

Abstract

The design method of the invention discloses a kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory, belongs to smart grid control field.The present invention is communicated in the isolated island micro-capacitance sensor based on distributed Two-stage control strategy, using reciprocity sparse network with contiguous agent, and by there is consistency algorithm processing to obtain information and local information;And consistent sexual deviation is fed back to the frequency and voltage controller designed by finite time consistency policy;Then, the output of controller is input into sagging control, is then transferred into voltage and current control loop, finally realizes frequency and voltage stabilization and traces into nominal value;Wherein, when breaking in the communications, the historical data of contiguous agent is predicted based on extreme learning machine is improved, and prediction result is input to the frequency designed by finite time consistency policy and voltage controller.To realize the secondary frequency and voltage adjusting under communication failure.

Description

A kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory
Technical field
The invention belongs to smart grid control fields, and in particular to a kind of isolated island based on finite time congruity theory is micro- The design method of power grid control strategy.
Background technique
With getting worse for energy crisis and problem of environmental pollution, the new energy including distributed generation technology Using the extensive concern of society is received, micro-capacitance sensor is also rapidly developed.
The operation of AC micro-capacitance sensor can be divided into both of which: grid-connected and island mode.When island mode operation, using more A distributed generation resource is run parallel, to improve output power quality.Generally use hierarchical control to power quality when island mode It optimizes, and defines and execute different control targets using different layered structures.Sagging control is typically used as holding The primary control that line frequency and voltage are adjusted, and power distribution may be implemented.But traditional sagging control and regulation effect Bad, when distribution line impedance is uneven, power distribution effect is poor.Some existing improve include virtual impedance to balance Route resistance and some adaptive sagging control strategies.Although there are many improved strategies for sagging control, due to inherently missing Difference, simple sagging control always can not accurate track reference values.Therefore, in order to obtain more precise control effect, it is proposed that adopt With Two-stage control strategy.Currently, existing Two-stage control strategy is generally divided into centralized and distributed, it is usually used in compensating sagging control System.Centralized Two-stage control is formulated by micro-capacitance sensor master controller (MGCC), and MGCC is collected and calculated the entire net in micro-capacitance sensor Network information, then issues commands to physical layer.Although centralized control precision is high, the communication pressure of system is very big, reliability And poor expandability.Distributed secondary control does not need central node and is communicated, and the reciprocity sparse network of most of uses, It is only communicated with contiguous agent, therefore has better scalability and feasibility.Distributed secondary control strategy can be with Realize that frequency and voltage are restored, accurate power distribution.
But when communication failure interrupts, the unstable of whole system still will cause.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory, it is intended to be based on one Cause property is theoretical, and introduces finite time theory, and the two combines, and proposes a kind of new secondary control algorithm, and by communication disruption Situation is taken into account, and is predicted based on extreme learning machine (ELM) is improved the historical data of contiguous agent, and by prediction result Instead of the communication link information interrupted, predictive compensation is realized, improve system stability.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides technical solution are as follows: one kind based on finite time consistency manage The isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy of opinion, which is characterized in that the steps include:
In the isolated island micro-capacitance sensor based on distributed Two-stage control strategy, carried out using reciprocity sparse network and contiguous agent Communication, and by there is consistency algorithm processing to obtain information and local information;And by consistent sexual deviation feedback to by finite time The frequency and voltage controller of consistency policy design;Then, the output of controller is input into sagging control, is then transferred into Voltage and current control loop finally realizes frequency and voltage stabilization and traces into nominal value;
Wherein, when breaking in the communications, the historical data of contiguous agent is predicted based on extreme learning machine is improved, and will Prediction result is input to the frequency designed by finite time consistency policy and voltage controller.
A further technical solution lies in the isolated island micro-capacitance sensor is divided into two parts of physical layer and network layer;The object Reason layer mainly includes controller and distributed generation resource, and controller stablizes each distributed generation resource output, then by the defeated of distributed generation resource Point of common coupling is connected to by static transfer switch out;Or controller stablizes each distributed generation resource output, then uses distributed electrical Source is powered load;The network layer carries out the data exchange between different electronic power inverters, completes entire micro- electricity The output of distributed generation resource is synchronous in netting.
A further technical solution lies in acting on behalf of DGiOutput error can use consistency algorithm are as follows:
Wherein, eiAct on behalf of the global output error of i, xiAct on behalf of the real output value of i, xjAct on behalf of the phase of i Neighbour acts on behalf of the value that j is come by communications, xrefThe nominal value for acting on behalf of the output of i, the Leader as consistency algorithm Node, aijIt indicates weighted adjacent coefficient, that is, acts on behalf of the network communication links of i, biThe weight for leading to Leader is represented, and if only if When acting on behalf of the accessible Leader of i, bi> 0;
In order to realize the regulating effect of finite time, created symbol function:
The finite-time control device of design are as follows:
ui=β sig (ei)α
Wherein, α, β are finite-time control parameters, and α is index coefficient, and 0 < α < 1 improves system convergence performance, β is Proportionality coefficient, β > 0 determine the step-length of control variable.
A further technical solution lies in carry out prediction step to the historical data of contiguous agent based on extreme learning machine is improved Suddenly specifically:
(1) foundation of prediction model
For any N number of different sample (Xi,Yi), wherein Xi=[xi1 xi2 … xin]T∈RnIndicate that each DG history is defeated Frequency or voltage out, Yi=[yi1 yi2 … yim]T∈RmThe frequency or voltage for indicating each DG desired output have L for one The neural networks with single hidden layer of a hidden node can indicate are as follows:
Wherein g (x) is excitation function, generally Gaussian function, Wi=[wi1 wi2 … win]TFor input weight, γiFor Export weight, ciFor the biasing of i-th of Hidden unit, ojIndicate prediction output;
When considering empiric risk and structure risk, the mathematical model of ES-ELM can be indicated are as follows:
Wherein, | | ε | |2Indicate empiric risk, | | γ | |2Indicate structure risk, η ∈ R indicates that two kinds of risk ratio parameters are logical The best compromise point for crossing the mode of cross validation to determine;
LS-SVM algorithm is introduced, is Lagrange's equation by ES-ELM model conversation are as follows:
Wherein, λ=[λ1 λ2 … λN] indicating Lagrange multiplier, H indicates hidden layer output, γ=[γ1 γ2 … γL]TIndicate output weight
According to KTT optimal conditions, seeking the gradient of Lagrange's equation and enabling it is 0, is obtained
To obtain
Wherein X+The generalized inverse matrix of representing matrix X;
(2) training of prediction model
First clear the following contents before training: the N number of different sample (X of training seti,Yi), hidden layer number L, excitation function g (x),
Step 1: when data variation is larger, better training result, pre-processes data in order to obtain, specifically Formula are as follows:
Wherein, x (i) and x'(i) respectively indicate initial data and treated data, ExAnd σiIndicate the equal of initial data Value and standard deviation;
Step2: input weight wikWith biasing ciIt is arbitrarily set in (0,1) range, and calculates hidden layer output H;
Step 3: according toCalculate output weight γ and Lagrange multiplier λ.
(3) prediction of result
After training by ES-ELM, by historical data to the DG for having lost the communication informationiLocal prediction is carried out, point The predicted value of frequency and voltage is not obtained.
The present invention having the beneficial effect that by adopting the above technical scheme
(1) present invention proposes a kind of based on distributed finite time to realize that more accurate frequency and voltage are restored The voltage and frequency control strategy of consistency algorithm.Finite time strategy and consistency algorithm are combined, to reduce by unevenness The coupling of frequency caused by even line impedance and voltage, and reach reference value in the finite time of setting.
(2) prove that proposed finite time consistency algorithm can accurately realize frequency and voltage with Lyapunov Secondary control, and accurate track reference value.In addition, passing through the analysis of Lyapunov function, convergence rate and parameter can be obtained Relationship between selection.
(3) when communication data is lost and communication disruption, by considering empiric risk and structure risk, ELM is changed Into predicting for the historical data of frequency of training and voltage, and to the communication data of loss, then send prediction result To pilot controller, to inhibit the influence of communication failure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the isolated island micro-capacitance sensor simplification figures of distributed Two-stage control strategy;
Fig. 2 is the inverter block diagram in i-th of DG of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the control block diagram of whole system;
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The embodiment of the present invention elaborates a kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory, special Sign is, the steps include:
In the isolated island micro-capacitance sensor based on distributed Two-stage control strategy, carried out using reciprocity sparse network and contiguous agent Communication, and by there is consistency algorithm processing to obtain information and local information;And by consistent sexual deviation feedback to by finite time The frequency and voltage controller of consistency policy design;Then, the output of controller is input into sagging control, is then transferred into Voltage and current control loop finally realizes frequency and voltage stabilization and traces into nominal value;
Wherein, when breaking in the communications, the historical data of contiguous agent is predicted based on extreme learning machine is improved, and will Prediction result is input to the frequency designed by finite time consistency policy and voltage controller.
Particular content of the present invention is as follows:
(1) micro-capacitance sensor hierarchical control framework is designed
Micro-capacitance sensor control is broadly divided into two parts: physical layer and network layer, as shown in Figure 1.Physical layer mainly includes control Device and distributed generation resource processed, controller stablizes each DG output, then the output of DG is passed through static transfer switch (static Transfer switch, STS) it is connected to point of common coupling (point ofcommon coupling, PCC), it thus can be with The common load externally hung on PCC is powered, naturally it is also possible to is powered with some DG to specific load.Network layer It mainly realizes the data exchange between different electronic power inverters, realizes that all DG outputs synchronize in entire micro-capacitance sensor.
Fig. 2 shows the inverter block diagram inside DG, it is assumed that N number of DG unit is shared in micro-capacitance sensor, each DG is according to certain Sequence be respectively defined as DGi(i=1,2 ..., N), DGiPCC is connected to by feeder line.The controller of inverter specifically includes that 1) power calculator;2) power controller;3) voltage control loop adjusts the exchange of DG unit and surveys voltage voi;4) current control is returned Road adjusts the exchange of DG unit and surveys electric current ili。DGiThe three-phase electricity of output is converted with dp-frame, obtains vodi,voqi, iodi,ioqi, then v is obtained by calculationoi,ili, to calculate DGiThe active and reactive power component of output.Power controller It is the sagging control of power-handling capability progress in conjunction with them:
Wherein, miAnd niIt is cells D GiActive and idle sagging control coefrficient, ωiIt is DGiOutput frequency, ωrefIt is System nominal frequency (2 π × 50red/s), vrefIt is nominal voltage of a system,It is that inverter ac surveys voltage voiReference value simultaneously As the reference value of voltage and current ring, PiAnd QiIt is cells D G respectivelyiThe active and reactive power component of output.
(2) finite time consistency control strategy is designed, realizes the adjusting to frequency and voltage.
2.1 algebraic graph theory
In order to preferably describe micro-capacitance sensor communication network structure, it is theoretical with algebra digraph here.Such as Fig. 3 institute Showing, communication network includes N number of more agencies (DGs) in micro-capacitance sensor, and it marks from 1 to N, is then mapped to digraph G (V, ε, A), Interior joint collection V={ v1,v2,...,vNRepresent all DGs, edge aggregationIt represents and is able to carry out information exchange Communication link.A=[aij]N×NIt is weighted adjacent matrix coefficient, aii=0 and aij>=0, and if only if (vi,vj) ∈ ε when, aij > 0.The adjacent node of i-th of agency is defined as Ni={ vj∈V:(vi,vj) ∈ ε, the subordinated-degree matrix of digraph G (degreematrix) it is set as D=diag { d1,d2,...,dN, andLaplacian Matrix Ω=D-A is One symmetrical positive semidefinite matrix.
2.2 finite time consistency algorithms
The drop of bring the whole network frequency and voltage that simple sagging control can not be avoided that, therefore, this paper presents One kind being based on finite time consistency algorithm, with Graph Analysis before, compensates to distributed generation resource output, finally makes The output frequency and voltage for obtaining each agency are consistent and can continue respectively to trace into the frequency of setting and the mark of voltage Title value ωrefAnd vref, improve the dynamic property of system.
For this acts on behalf of DGiOutput error can be calculated with consistency policy are as follows:
Wherein, eiAct on behalf of the global output error of i, xiAct on behalf of the real output value of i, xjAct on behalf of the phase of i Neighbour acts on behalf of the value that j is come by communications, xrefThe nominal value for acting on behalf of the output of i, the Leader as consistency algorithm Node, aijIt indicates weighted adjacent coefficient, that is, acts on behalf of the network communication links of i, biThe weight for leading to Leader is represented, and if only if When acting on behalf of the accessible Leader of i, bi> 0.
In order to realize the regulating effect of finite time, created symbol function.
It ensure that the output global error for acting on behalf of i can be eliminated, and finally realize micro-capacitance sensor under conditions of some is suitble to The output of interior each agency is consistent and levels off to nominal value.
The finite-time control device of design are as follows:
Wherein, α, β are finite-time control parameters, and α is index coefficient, and 0 < α < 1 improves system convergence performance, β is Proportionality coefficient, β > 0 determine the step-length of control variable.
In order to verify the feasibility and stability that are designed with limit time controller, following Lyapunov letter is constructed Number:
Therefore,
Wherein, e=[e1 e2 … eN], B=diag { b1 b2 … bN, Γ=Ω+B, Γ are a positive semidefinite matrixs, It will be apparent thatDefine a bounded matrix Φ=δ ∈ R | δTδ=1, for ξ ⊥ 1, δ=β | ξα}.For even Continuous δ ∈ Φ, function δTΓ δ is also continuous, andIn the presence of and be greater than 0, be defined as ρ.
Therefore,
It might as well setThen
It again assumes thatFinally, available:
According to proof aboveIt will be in finite timeLevel off to 0, therefore in time t*Interior generation The output error e of reason can also level off to 0, it can realize
Namely
Detailed distribution Two-stage control strategy is as shown in Figure 3.As shown, obtaining adjacent DG by reciprocity sparse network Information, and information and local information obtained are handled by consistency algorithm.Consistent sexual deviation feedback to by it is limited when Between consistency policy design frequency and voltage controller.Then, the output of controller is input into sagging control, then shifts To voltage and current control loop, finally realizes frequency and voltage stabilization and trace into nominal value.
(3) the predictive compensation strategy of communication disruption is designed
Traditional ELM is to be based on empirical risk minimization principle, and training error is minimized, but in the training process, It will appear overfitting problem, reduce the generalization ability of model.Therefore, we introduce structural risk minimization theory, rationally weigh Empiric risk and structure risk propose a kind of improved ELM model (ES-ELM).When communication data occurs to lose and interferes When, it using improved extreme learning machine, is trained by the historical data to voltage and frequency, to predict script, this has Data, finally the obtained data of prediction are input in consistency control, compared with conventional limit learning machine, ES-ELM has Better generalization ability and robustness.
For any N number of different sample (Xi,Yi), wherein Xi=[xi1 xi2 … xin]T∈RnIndicate that each DG history is defeated Frequency or voltage out, Yi=[yi1 yi2 … yim]T∈RmThe frequency or voltage for indicating each DG desired output have L for one The neural networks with single hidden layer of a hidden node can indicate are as follows:
Wherein g (x) is excitation function, generally Gaussian function, Wi=[wi1 wi2 … win]TFor input weight, γiFor Export weight, ciFor the biasing of i-th of Hidden unit, ojIndicate prediction output.
When considering empiric risk and structure risk, the mathematical model of ES-ELM can be indicated are as follows:
Wherein, | | ε | |2Indicate empiric risk, | | γ | |2Indicate structure risk, η ∈ R indicates that two kinds of risk ratio parameters are logical The best compromise point for crossing the mode of cross validation to determine.
LS-SVM algorithm is introduced, is Lagrange's equation by ES-ELM model conversation are as follows:
Wherein, λ=[λ1 λ2 … λN] indicating Lagrange multiplier, H indicates hidden layer output, γ=[γ1 γ2 … γL]TIndicate output weight
According to KTT optimal conditions, seeking the gradient of Lagrange's equation and enabling it is 0, is obtained
To obtain
The wherein generalized inverse matrix of X+ representing matrix X.
In conclusion ES-ELM considers empiric risk and structure risk simultaneously, so that the over-fitting of model reduces, extensive energy Power also can be outstanding.
First clear the following contents before training: the N number of different sample (X of training seti,Yi), hidden layer number L, excitation function g (x), mainly include several steps based on ES-ELM prediction process:
Step 1: when data variation is larger, better training result, pre-processes data in order to obtain, specifically Formula are as follows:
Wherein, x (i) and x'(i) respectively indicate initial data and treated data, ExAnd σiIndicate the equal of initial data Value and standard deviation.
Step 2: input weight wikWith biasing ciIt is arbitrarily set in (0,1) range, and calculates hidden layer output H.
Step 3: output weight γ and Lagrange multiplier λ is calculated according to formula (14).
After training by ES-ELM, by historical data to having lost communication information DGiCarry out local prediction, point The predicted value of frequency and voltage is not obtained, and shorter predicted time can reduce system wild effect caused by loss of data.
, with predictive compensation mechanism, the stabilization of whole system is improved in the case that this breaks in the communications based on the above analysis Property.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to The limitation present invention, all any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc. done within the spirit and principles in the present invention should all wrap Containing within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory, which is characterized in that the steps include:
In the isolated island micro-capacitance sensor based on distributed Two-stage control strategy, led to using reciprocity sparse network with contiguous agent Letter, and by there is consistency algorithm processing to obtain information and local information;And by consistent sexual deviation feedback to by finite time one The frequency and voltage controller of cause property strategy design;Then, the output of controller is input into sagging control, is then transferred into electricity Pressure and current controlled circuit finally realize frequency and voltage stabilization and trace into nominal value;
Wherein, when breaking in the communications, the historical data of contiguous agent is predicted based on extreme learning machine is improved, and will prediction As a result the frequency designed by finite time consistency policy and voltage controller are input to.
2. a kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory according to claim 1, special Sign is that the isolated island micro-capacitance sensor is divided into two parts of physical layer and network layer;The physical layer mainly includes controller and divides Cloth power supply, controller stablizes each distributed generation resource output, then the output of distributed generation resource is connected by static transfer switch To point of common coupling;Or controller stablizes each distributed generation resource output, then is powered with distributed generation resource to load;The net Network layers carry out the data exchange between different electronic power inverters, and the output for completing distributed generation resource in entire micro-capacitance sensor is same Step.
3. a kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory according to claim 1, special Sign is, to acting on behalf of DGiOutput error can use consistency algorithm are as follows:
Wherein, eiAct on behalf of the global output error of i, xiAct on behalf of the real output value of i, xjAct on behalf of the adjacent generation of i The value that reason j is come by communications, xrefThe nominal value for acting on behalf of the output of i, the Leader as consistency algorithm are saved Point, aijIt indicates weighted adjacent coefficient, that is, acts on behalf of the network communication links of i, biThe weight for leading to Leader is represented, and if only if generation When managing the accessible Leader of i, bi> 0;
In order to realize the regulating effect of finite time, created symbol function:
The finite-time control device of design are as follows:
ui=β sig (ei)α
Wherein, α, β are finite-time control parameters, and α is index coefficient, and 0 < α < 1 improves system convergence performance, and β is ratio Coefficient, β > 0 determine the step-length of control variable.
4. a kind of isolated island micro-capacitance sensor control strategy based on finite time congruity theory according to claim 1, special Sign is, carries out prediction steps to the historical data of contiguous agent based on extreme learning machine is improved specifically:
(1) foundation of prediction model
For any N number of different sample (Xi,Yi), wherein Xi=[xi1 xi2 … xin]T∈RnIndicate each DG history output frequency Rate or voltage, Yi=[yi1 yi2 … yim]T∈RmThe frequency or voltage for indicating each DG desired output have L a hidden for one The neural networks with single hidden layer of node layer can indicate are as follows:
Wherein g (x) is excitation function, generally Gaussian function, Wi=[wi1 wi2 … win]TFor input weight, γiFor output Weight, ciFor the biasing of i-th of Hidden unit, ojIndicate prediction output;
When considering empiric risk and structure risk, the mathematical model of ES-ELM can be indicated are as follows:
Wherein, | | ε | |2Indicate empiric risk, | | γ | |2Indicate structure risk, η ∈ R indicates that two kinds of risk ratio parameters pass through friendship The best compromise point for pitching the mode of verifying to determine;
LS-SVM algorithm is introduced, is Lagrange's equation by ES-ELM model conversation are as follows:
Wherein, λ=[λ1 λ2 … λN] indicating Lagrange multiplier, H indicates hidden layer output, γ=[γ1 γ2 … γL]TTable Show output weight
According to KTT optimal conditions, seeking the gradient of Lagrange's equation and enabling it is 0, is obtained
To obtain
Wherein X+The generalized inverse matrix of representing matrix X;
(2) training of prediction model
First clear the following contents before training: the N number of different sample (X of training seti,Yi), hidden layer number L, excitation function g (x),
Step1: when data variation is larger, better training result, pre-processes data in order to obtain, specific formula Are as follows:
Wherein, x (i) and x'(i) respectively indicate initial data and treated data, ExAnd σiIndicate initial data mean value and Standard deviation;
Step2: input weight wikWith biasing ciIt is arbitrarily set in (0,1) range, and calculates hidden layer output H;
Step3: according toCalculate output weight γ and Lagrange multiplier λ;
(3) prediction of result
After training by ES-ELM, by historical data to the DG for having lost the communication informationiLocal prediction is carried out, respectively To the predicted value of frequency and voltage.
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