CN110187000B - Method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of microstructure of dual-phase steel - Google Patents
Method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of microstructure of dual-phase steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110187000B CN110187000B CN201910428118.7A CN201910428118A CN110187000B CN 110187000 B CN110187000 B CN 110187000B CN 201910428118 A CN201910428118 A CN 201910428118A CN 110187000 B CN110187000 B CN 110187000B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of a dual-phase steel microstructure, which establishes a microstructure-initial permeability/resistivity-electromagnetic signal-temperature relation database through finite element microcosmic and macroscopic models, and can directly predict the structure of the dual-phase steel microstructure through the measured electromagnetic signal, so that the mechanical property and quality of a steel product can be judged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of a microstructure of dual-phase steel, which belongs to the application range of electromagnetic nondestructive testing and simultaneously serves the ferrous metallurgy process.
Background
The adjustment of temperature and corresponding changes in microstructure of the ferrous products are typically involved in the ferrous metallurgical production process. For example, in the production process of hot rolled strip steel, a continuous casting blank is output by a continuous casting machine, enters a hot rolling process after passing through a heating furnace, is repeatedly rolled by a roller, enters a cooling area for cooling after the size, the thickness or the shape reaches the specified requirement, and is finally coiled into a hot rolled steel coil by a coiling machine. The solid phase transformation from austenite to other phase transformation occurs in the water cooling process of the strip steel by Gao Wenjing, so that a certain microstructure is formed, and the microstructure finally determines whether the mechanical properties of the product meet the requirements of customers. The microstructure of the interior of the hot rolled steel coil is thus urgently known, but is generally obtained by means of a destructive inspection method, i.e. a section of sample is taken at the head or tail of the steel coil, is prepared and is inspected by means of metallography or electron microscopy. Although the traditional damage detection method can intuitively display the microstructure information of the material, the traditional damage detection method is not practical under the requirement of industrial real-time online continuous production, and has a problem of timeliness. In addition, since the strip is curled and collected by the coiler, only a part of the material at the head or tail can be cut for damage detection, and the damage detection cannot be strictly represented by the quality level of the whole coil of strip. By installing lossless electromagnetic sensors at different positions of the cooling area, the solid-state phase change of the material can be efficiently and rapidly monitored in real time continuously, and the mechanical property of the whole steel coil can be judged according to monitoring signals given in real time.
The electromagnetic sensor generally comprises an iron core (the shape and size of which are determined according to the size of the object to be detected), an excitation coil and a plurality of induction coils, and the magnetic field generated by the excitation coil has two main effects on the magnetic material (steel material): when the frequency is lower than the frequency, the magnetic field generated by the sensor magnetizes the metal sample, the inductance of the induction coil is increased, and the inductance is positive, and the sensor signal is influenced mainly by the relative initial permeability of the metal; when the frequency is gradually increased, the alternating magnetic field can generate electric eddy current in the metal, the formed magnetic field is opposite to the main magnetic field, the inductance of the coil is reduced, the electric eddy current becomes dominant, and the inductance is gradually reduced. The signal is affected by both permeability and resistivity. The inductance is zero when the two reach equilibrium, and the frequency at this time is called the zero crossing frequency. The electromagnetic sensor can thus detect changes in permeability and resistivity in the ferrous material. For ferromagnetic materials such as steel, the relative magnetic permeability is higher, but as the atomic distance is continuously increased with the temperature rise, the atomic thermal motion continuously breaks the regular orientation of atomic magnetic moment until the curie temperature is reached, the ferromagnetism is converted into paramagnetic, and the relative magnetic permeability of the paramagnetic is approximately 1. Austenite in the steel is paramagnetic substance, ferrite is ferromagnetic substance, and the ferrite content of different steel grades is different, so that the given electromagnetic signals (zero crossing frequency) are also different.
Most of the existing electromagnetic sensors detect at room temperature, detection parameters are complex, experience exists in data correlation, and the relation between electromagnetic signals and physical properties (magnetic permeability and resistivity) of materials is fuzzy. The data signal is simply compared with the standard signal to judge the quality of the steel product, so that the relation between the electromagnetic signal and the physical property of the material, especially at high temperature, is urgently needed to be established, and a feasible method is provided for monitoring the mechanical property of the steel product at high temperature on line in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention utilizes the electromagnetic sensor to predict the microstructure change in the dual-phase steel by the finite element simulation method disclosed by the patent, thereby achieving the purposes of monitoring and judging the mechanical property, the tissue uniformity and the whole quality of the steel product. Greatly simplifies the inspection flow of the microstructure of steel, shortens the inspection time, and provides quantitative analysis for the rolling of dual-phase steel in steel production.
The specific scheme is as follows: a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of dual phase steel microstructure comprising the steps of: (1) Extracting and digitizing microstructure according to the actual metallographic photograph;
(2) Establishing steel finite element microcosmic-magnetic conductivity models with different ferrite phase fractions, and obtaining the relation of relative magnetic conductivity, ferrite fraction and temperature through simulation calculation;
(3) Establishing a finite element macroscopic-electromagnetic sensor model, and solving an electromagnetic signal (zero crossing frequency) by utilizing magnetic permeability-ferrite fraction (temperature) derived from the microscopic model;
(4) Simulating the working state of an actual electromagnetic sensor, verifying, and determining the correctness of the model;
(5) And establishing a database, and inputting the magnetic permeability-ferrite fraction-temperature relation and the resistivity value obtained from the microscopic model to obtain an electromagnetic signal (zero crossing frequency) -material magnetic permeability/resistivity-material microstructure-temperature relation.
Further, the step (1) specifically includes: and obtaining actual metallographic pictures with different phase contents, performing binarization processing on the images, and importing the obtained data into finite element software to establish a microscopic model.
Further, the step (2) specifically includes: since each metallographic photograph contains 10 ten thousand pixel points, different phases in the microstructure can be distinguished by utilizing different colors in a model, for example, ferrite is red, pearlite is blue, and the respective magnetic conductivity and resistivity values are given by utilizing different colors of pixels; applying a uniform external magnetic field in the boundary condition to obtain the average relative permeability of the whole model; the phase distribution, grain size, size distribution, and temperature factors are considered in the microscopic model.
Further, the step (3) specifically includes: establishing an electromagnetic sensor model by utilizing finite element software, and simulating the real working state of the simulation sensor; the electromagnetic sensor model comprises a sensor iron core, an exciting coil, an induction coil, a sensor protective sleeve and a cooling water pipe; the magnetic permeability-ferrite fraction (temperature) derived from the microscopic model is input to solve the electromagnetic signal (zero crossing frequency).
Further, the step (4) specifically includes: comparing the actual measured different steel grades with the model simulation results, performing model verification, and determining the correctness of the model; wherein the test steel grade comprises low carbon steel, high carbon steel, duplex stainless steel, and martensitic/bainitic steel.
Further, the step (5) specifically includes: and (3) establishing a microstructure prediction database in the steel according to the simulation result of the step (4), wherein the data comprise ferrite phase fraction, temperature, resistivity, relative permeability and corresponding electromagnetic signals, so that the judgment of the microstructure of the dual-phase steel by the electromagnetic signals is achieved.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention aims to provide a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of a dual-phase steel microstructure, which establishes a microstructure-initial permeability/resistivity-electromagnetic signal-temperature relation database through finite element microcosmic and macroscopic models, and can directly predict the composition of the dual-phase steel microstructure through the measured electromagnetic signal, so that the mechanical property and quality of a steel product can be judged. Compared with the method for detecting the damage, the method is simple and efficient, can realize real-time on-line monitoring, is true and accurate in result, and has representativeness. Compared with the existing electromagnetic nondestructive monitoring method, the database established by the method can be repeatedly and rapidly used once established, and can be updated and expanded according to actual production conditions. The method disclosed by the invention reveals the physical connection between the microstructure and the electromagnetic signal, realizes detection at high temperature, and lays a foundation for realizing the monitoring of the steel microstructure by the electromagnetic signal and the real-time feedback and the dynamic adjustment of production and cooling parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of dual phase steel microstructures in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic photograph (a) of ferrite and pearlite distribution and a metallographic photograph (b) after binarization treatment in a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of a microstructure of dual-phase steel according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microstructure (a) in a microstructure model, a magnetic induction distribution (b) in the microstructure, and a magnetic induction line and a magnetic induction distribution (c) in a three-dimensional microstructure model in a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of a microstructure of a dual-phase steel according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of simulated and actual electromagnetic signals for different steel grades in a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of dual-phase steel microstructure according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of comparison between the predicted result and the actual result of the relation between the transformation fraction of the high-temperature bainitic steel and the electromagnetic signal and the metallographic photograph (b) of the bainitic steel sample in the method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of the microstructure of the dual-phase steel.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of a dual-phase steel microstructure comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the actual metallographic photograph, extracting and digitizing the microstructure specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining actual metallographic pictures with different phase contents, performing binarization processing on the images, importing the obtained data into finite element software to build a microscopic model, and combining with the figure 2.
(2) Establishing steel finite element microcosmic-magnetic conductivity models with different ferrite phase fractions, and obtaining the relation of relative magnetic conductivity, ferrite fraction and temperature through simulation calculation, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
since each metallographic photograph contains 10 ten thousand pixel points, different phases in the microstructure can be distinguished by utilizing different colors in a model, for example, ferrite is red, pearlite is blue, and the respective magnetic conductivity and resistivity values are given by utilizing different colors of pixels; applying a uniform external magnetic field in boundary conditions to obtain the average relative magnetic permeability of the whole model, and combining with the figure 3; the phase distribution, grain size, size distribution, and temperature factors are considered in the microscopic model.
(3) Establishing a finite element macroscopic-electromagnetic sensor model, and solving an electromagnetic signal (zero crossing frequency) by utilizing magnetic permeability-ferrite fraction (temperature) derived from the microscopic model, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
establishing an electromagnetic sensor model by utilizing finite element software, and simulating the real working state of the simulation sensor; the electromagnetic sensor model comprises a sensor iron core, an exciting coil, an induction coil, a sensor protective sleeve and a cooling water pipe; the magnetic permeability-ferrite fraction (temperature) derived from the microscopic model is input to solve the electromagnetic signal (zero crossing frequency).
(4) Simulating the working state of an actual electromagnetic sensor for verification, and specifically comprises the following steps:
comparing the actual measured different steel grades with the model simulation results, performing model verification, and determining the correctness of the model; wherein the test steel comprises low carbon steel, high carbon steel, duplex stainless steel, martensitic/bainitic steel, etc.
(5) Establishing a database, inputting the magnetic permeability-ferrite fraction-temperature relation and resistivity value obtained from the microscopic model, and obtaining an electromagnetic signal (zero crossing frequency) -material magnetic permeability/resistivity-material microstructure-temperature relation, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
and (3) establishing a microstructure prediction database in the steel according to the simulation result of the step (4), wherein the data comprise ferrite phase fraction, temperature, resistivity, relative permeability and corresponding electromagnetic signals, so that the judgment of the microstructure of the dual-phase steel by the electromagnetic signals is achieved.
1. Specific application example
1. Application example 1
According to the implementation steps of the process, a dual-phase steel microstructure-electromagnetic signal database is established, the actual steel sample is measured, an electromagnetic sensor is arranged at the center of the surface of the sample during measurement, and the sizes of the samples are unified to 500X 500mm 2 The thickness was 3mm unless otherwise specified. The comparison result of the actually measured electromagnetic signal and the analog signal is shown in fig. 4, the application example demonstrates the actual reliability of the finite element model established in the invention, and the colleague demonstrates the accuracy of the database established by the analog result.
2. Application example 2
And predicting electromagnetic signal change in the high-temperature cooling process of the bainitic steel by using the established database and comparing the electromagnetic signal change with an actual measurement result, as shown in fig. 5a. The size of the bainite steel sample is 500 multiplied by 3mm 3 Heating to 950 deg.c in a heating furnace, maintaining for 5 min, and cooling at 4.25 deg.c/s. The distance between the electromagnetic sensor and the sample in the test process is 40mm, and the bainite metallographic structure of the sample is shown in fig. 5 b. This application example demonstrates that the database established by the method of the present patent disclosure can predict the relationship between the phase transition fraction in steel and electromagnetic signals at high temperatures.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of a dual-phase steel microstructure, comprising the steps of:
(1) Extracting and digitizing microstructure according to the actual metallographic photograph;
(2) Establishing steel finite element microcosmic-magnetic conductivity models with different ferrite phase fractions, and obtaining the relation of relative magnetic conductivity, ferrite fraction and temperature through simulation calculation;
(3) Establishing a finite element macroscopic-electromagnetic sensor model, and solving the zero crossing frequency by utilizing the relative permeability-ferrite fraction-temperature derived from the finite element microscopic-permeability model;
(4) Simulating the working state of an actual electromagnetic sensor, verifying, and determining the correctness of a finite element macroscopic-electromagnetic sensor model;
(5) Establishing a database, and inputting the relative permeability-ferrite fraction-temperature relation and resistivity value obtained from the finite element microcosmic-permeability model to obtain a zero crossing frequency-relative permeability-material microcosmic-temperature relation;
the step (2) specifically comprises: as each metallographic photograph contains 10 ten thousand pixel points, different phases in a microstructure are distinguished by utilizing different colors in a finite element microcosmic-magnetic conductivity model, ferrite is red, pearlite is blue, and respective magnetic conductivity and resistivity values are given by utilizing different colors of pixels; applying a uniform external magnetic field in the boundary condition to obtain the average relative permeability of the whole finite element microcosmic-permeability model; taking into account phase distribution, grain size, size distribution and temperature factors in the microscopic model;
the step (5) specifically comprises: and (3) establishing a microstructure prediction database in the steel according to the simulation result of the step (4), wherein the data comprise ferrite phase fraction, temperature, resistivity, relative permeability and corresponding zero crossing frequency, so that the judgment of the microstructure of the dual-phase steel by the zero crossing frequency is achieved.
2. The method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of dual phase steel microstructures of claim 1 wherein: the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: and obtaining actual metallographic pictures with different phase contents, performing binarization processing on the images, and importing the obtained data into finite element software to establish a microscopic model.
3. The method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of dual phase steel microstructures of claim 1 wherein: the step (3) specifically comprises: establishing an electromagnetic sensor model by utilizing finite element software, and simulating the real working state of the simulation sensor; the electromagnetic sensor model comprises a sensor iron core, an exciting coil, an induction coil, a sensor protective sleeve and a cooling water pipe; and inputting magnetic permeability-ferrite fraction-temperature derived from the finite element microcosmic-magnetic permeability model, and solving the zero crossing frequency.
4. The method for electromagnetic nondestructive testing of dual phase steel microstructures of claim 1 wherein: the step (4) specifically comprises: comparing actual measured different steel grades with model simulation results, performing model verification, and determining the correctness of the finite element macroscopic-electromagnetic sensor model; wherein the test steel grade comprises low carbon steel and high carbon steel.
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| CN112179261B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-09-23 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for detecting thickness of steel rail decarburized layer based on electromagnetic response |
| CN113009226B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-30 | 长江存储科技有限责任公司 | Method and device for obtaining contact resistance |
| CN113607807A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Austenitic stainless steel sensitization damage test grading method and device |
| CN115062504B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2024-04-16 | 桂林理工大学 | Method for analog calculation of magnetic permeability of microstructure of arbitrary duplex stainless steel |
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