CN110186556A - A kind of New energy automobile motor bench test noise rating method - Google Patents
A kind of New energy automobile motor bench test noise rating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于噪声阶次声压级梯度参数的噪声评价方法，具体过程为：利用电机台架进行加速试验，计算电机台架加速试验过程中，各阶次电机的声压级；基于所述各阶次电机的声压级，计算各阶次电机声压梯度，根据所述声压梯度对电机进行噪声评价。本发明方法利用各阶次电机声压梯度对电机噪声进行评价，能够正确评价新能源汽车电机台架试验急加速和急减速工况下的噪声，具有快速、简单、方便和正确的效果。
The invention provides a noise evaluation method based on the noise order sound pressure level gradient parameters, the specific process is: use the motor bench to carry out the acceleration test, and calculate the sound pressure level of each order motor during the motor bench acceleration test; The sound pressure level of the motors of each order is calculated, and the sound pressure gradient of the motors of each order is calculated, and the noise evaluation of the motor is performed according to the sound pressure gradient. The method of the invention evaluates the motor noise by using the sound pressure gradient of the motor at each order, can correctly evaluate the noise under the rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration working conditions of the motor bench test of the new energy vehicle, and has fast, simple, convenient and correct effects.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于新能源汽车技术领域，具体涉及一种新能源汽车电机台架试验噪声评价方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular relates to a noise evaluation method for a new energy vehicle motor bench test.
背景技术Background technique
新能源汽车电机生产厂家和新能源汽车整车生产厂家试验人员在电机台架试验和整车NVH路试时，发现在某些工况转速下电机的噪声声压级和响度级数值并不算高，但试验人员发现这些电机在急加速和急减速过程中的噪声主观感觉比较差，究其原因主要在于电机厂家和汽车生产厂商没有采用合适的噪声评价方法。During the motor bench test and the vehicle NVH road test, the test personnel of the new energy vehicle motor manufacturer and the new energy vehicle manufacturer found that the noise sound pressure level and loudness level of the motor under certain operating conditions are not calculated. However, the testers found that the subjective feeling of the noise of these motors in the process of rapid acceleration and deceleration is relatively poor. The main reason is that the motor manufacturers and automobile manufacturers have not adopted appropriate noise evaluation methods.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是为了克服已有技术的缺陷，为了准确评价电动汽车电机在急加速和急减速工况下的噪声的评价问题，提出一种基于噪声阶次声压级梯度参数的噪声评价方法。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is in order to overcome the defective of prior art, in order to accurately evaluate the evaluation problem of the noise of electric vehicle motor under rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration working conditions, proposes a kind of gradient parameter based on noise order sub-sound pressure level noise assessment method.
本发明方法是通过下述技术方案实现的：The inventive method is realized by the following technical solutions:
一种基于噪声阶次声压级梯度参数的噪声评价方法，具体过程为：A noise evaluation method based on noise order sound pressure level gradient parameters, the specific process is:
利用电机台架进行加速试验，计算各阶次电机声压梯度，根据所述声压梯度对电机进行噪声评价；Use the motor bench to conduct acceleration tests, calculate the sound pressure gradient of the motor at each order, and evaluate the noise of the motor according to the sound pressure gradient;
所述计算各阶次电机声压梯度具体为：The calculation of the sound pressure gradient of each order of the motor is specifically:
首先，计算电机台架加速试验过程中，各阶次电机的声压级；First, calculate the sound pressure level of each order motor during the acceleration test of the motor bench;
其次，基于所述各阶次电机的声压级，计算各阶次电机声压级梯度Si；Secondly, based on the sound pressure levels of the motors of each order, the gradient S i of the sound pressure level of the motors of each order is calculated;
其中，Si为第i阶次的电机声压级梯度，i为电机噪声阶次，Lit是电机的第i阶次的声压级，Lim为电机第i阶次声压级最大值，Lij为电机第i阶次的第j个频带的声压级，n为电机的转速，α为带宽系数。Among them, S i is the gradient of the sound pressure level of the i-th order motor, i is the noise order of the motor, Li it is the sound pressure level of the i-th order of the motor, and L im is the maximum value of the sound pressure level of the i-th order of the motor , L ij is the sound pressure level of the j-th frequency band of the i-th order of the motor, n is the speed of the motor, and α is the bandwidth coefficient.
进一步地，本发明根据所述声压梯度对电机进行噪声评价具体为：判断是否存在声压级梯度Si超过预设的临界值，若存在，此时评价的结果为电机噪声不满足要求。Further, in the present invention, the noise evaluation of the motor according to the sound pressure gradient is specifically: judging whether there is a sound pressure level gradient S i exceeding a preset critical value, and if so, the result of the evaluation at this time is that the motor noise does not meet the requirements.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明方法，对比已有技术，利用各阶次电机声压梯度对电机噪声进行评价，能够正确评价新能源汽车电机台架试验急加速和急减速工况下的噪声，具有快速、简单、方便和正确的效果。The method of the present invention, compared with the prior art, utilizes the sound pressure gradient of the motor of each order to evaluate the motor noise, and can correctly evaluate the noise under the rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration working conditions of the new energy vehicle motor bench test, which is fast, simple and convenient and the correct effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例电机从3500r/min加速到9990r/min时的电机噪声阶次图；Fig. 1 is the motor noise order diagram when the motor of the embodiment of the present invention accelerates from 3500r/min to 9990r/min;
图2为本发明实施例电机从3500r/min加速到9990r/min时的电机噪声各阶次梯度曲线。Fig. 2 is the gradient curve of each order of the motor noise when the motor accelerates from 3500r/min to 9990r/min according to the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
本发明实施例提供一种基于噪声阶次声压级梯度参数的噪声评价方法，其基本实施过程如下：The embodiment of the present invention provides a noise evaluation method based on noise order sound pressure level gradient parameters, and its basic implementation process is as follows:
首先，计算电机台架加速试验过程中，各阶次电机的声压级，如图1所示，其中横坐标为电机转速，纵坐标为噪声声压级。First, calculate the sound pressure level of each order motor during the acceleration test of the motor bench, as shown in Figure 1, where the abscissa is the motor speed, and the ordinate is the noise sound pressure level.
由于图1所示的声压级曲线不能有效地反映电机转速上升或下降(尤其是急加速和急减速过程中)时噪声变化情况，需要寻找新的参数来对电机噪声进行评价。Since the sound pressure level curve shown in Figure 1 cannot effectively reflect the noise change when the motor speed increases or decreases (especially during rapid acceleration and deceleration), it is necessary to find new parameters to evaluate the motor noise.
根据数学上对梯度的定义：标量场中某一点上的梯度指向标量场增长最快的方向，梯度的长度是这个最大的变化率。在单变量实值函数的情况下，梯度只是导数。设电机声场中某处的噪声声压级为L，在电机转速变化dn处该参数为L+dL，则称为该声压级的梯度，也即该声压级随转速的变化率。According to the definition of gradient in mathematics: the gradient at a certain point in the scalar field points to the fastest growing direction of the scalar field, and the length of the gradient is the maximum rate of change. In the case of univariate real-valued functions, gradients are just derivatives. Assuming that the noise sound pressure level somewhere in the motor sound field is L, and the parameter is L+dL at the motor speed change dn, it is called the gradient of the sound pressure level, that is, the rate of change of the sound pressure level with the speed.
因此，本发明实施例提出应用声压级梯度来评价电机噪声变化。Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention proposes to use the sound pressure level gradient to evaluate the noise change of the motor.
其次，为了使噪声传感器测量得到的电机声压级梯度客观数据与人评价结果一致，需要综合利用电机声压级梯度参数。本发明实施例提出利用电机声压级最大值梯度和各个频带声压级梯度的加权值曲线来模拟人对电机噪声变化的感受(评价)，各阶次i电机声压级梯度Si计算公式如下：Secondly, in order to make the objective data of the motor sound pressure level gradient measured by the noise sensor consistent with the human evaluation results, it is necessary to make comprehensive use of the motor sound pressure level gradient parameters. The embodiment of the present invention proposes to use the gradient of the maximum value of the sound pressure level of the motor and the weighted value curve of the sound pressure level gradient of each frequency band to simulate the human perception (evaluation) of the noise change of the motor, and the calculation formula of the sound pressure level gradient S i of each order i motor as follows:
其中，i为电机噪声阶次，Lit是电机的第i阶次的声压级，Lim为电机第i阶次声压级最大值，Lij为电机第i阶次的第j个频带的声压级，n为电机的转速，α为带宽加权系数(对于1/3倍频程，α＝0.15)，N为1/3倍频程带数。Among them, i is the noise order of the motor, L it is the sound pressure level of the i-th order of the motor, L im is the maximum sound pressure level of the i-th order of the motor, and L ij is the j-th frequency band of the i-th order of the motor The sound pressure level, n is the speed of the motor, α is the bandwidth weighting coefficient (for 1/3 octave, α = 0.15), N is the number of 1/3 octave bands.
当某一阶次i声压级梯度Si变化超过某一临界值时，说明电机噪声啸叫声变得非常严重，因此可以通过设定阈值来判断电机噪声是否满足要求。When the change of the sound pressure level gradient S i of a certain order i exceeds a certain critical value, it means that the motor noise and howling sound becomes very serious, so the threshold value can be set to judge whether the motor noise meets the requirements.
图2是根据公式(1)计算得到的电机从3500r/min加速到9990r/min时的电机噪声第2、第3、第4和第16阶次梯度曲线。由图2可见，当电机转速从4100rpm急加速至4450rpm、以及从9100rpm急加速至9450rpm时，第16阶次、第2阶次和第4阶次的声压级梯度系数S16、S2和S4都超过了0.4，说明此转速区间电机噪声变得异常明显，这个评价结果和现场电机噪声试验时试验人员的主观评价一致，因此利用本发明实施例的方法可以准确对电机噪声进行评价，且评价的结果与试验人员的主观评价一致，适用于指导电机的设计。Figure 2 is the second, third, fourth and 16th order gradient curves of motor noise calculated according to formula (1) when the motor accelerates from 3500r/min to 9990r/min. It can be seen from Figure 2 that when the motor speed is rapidly accelerated from 4100rpm to 4450rpm, and from 9100rpm to 9450rpm, the sound pressure level gradient coefficients S 16 , S 2 and S 4 all exceeded 0.4, indicating that the motor noise in this speed range becomes abnormally obvious. This evaluation result is consistent with the subjective evaluation of the test personnel during the field motor noise test. Therefore, the method of the embodiment of the present invention can be used to accurately evaluate the motor noise. And the result of the evaluation is consistent with the subjective evaluation of the test personnel, which is suitable for guiding the design of the motor.
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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