CN110181714A - A kind of recycling and reusing method of polymer matrix composite waste - Google Patents

A kind of recycling and reusing method of polymer matrix composite waste Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110181714A
CN110181714A CN201910485043.6A CN201910485043A CN110181714A CN 110181714 A CN110181714 A CN 110181714A CN 201910485043 A CN201910485043 A CN 201910485043A CN 110181714 A CN110181714 A CN 110181714A
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China
Prior art keywords
microwave
oxygen
polymer matrix
recycling
reaction
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Pending
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CN201910485043.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许磊
邓建英
郭胜惠
张利波
彭金辉
刘建华
李世伟
夏洪应
罗铜
王泽民
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201910485043.6A priority Critical patent/CN110181714A/en
Publication of CN110181714A publication Critical patent/CN110181714A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C08J11/10Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2363/00Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to waste recovery reutilization technology fields, a kind of more particularly to recycling and reusing method of polymer matrix composite waste, it the described method comprises the following steps: in oxygen-free environment, after polymer matrix composite waste is carried out microwave cracking reaction, it is passed through oxygen-containing gas, microwave oxidation reaction is carried out, composite material reinforcement body is recycled;The product of the microwave cracking reaction is composite material reinforcement body, fuel oil and non-condensable gas;The composite material reinforcement body carries out microwave oxidation reaction.The basic lack of polymeric residue in reinforcement surface that the present invention recycles, any surface finish zero defect.The microwave can rapid and uniform heating composite scrap object, improve oil, gas and composite material reinforcement body the rate of recovery, realize the resource utilization of polymer matrix composite.The above method can shorten the reaction time, simplify reaction process, it is energy-saving and have significant ground environment protecting.

Description

A kind of recycling and reusing method of polymer matrix composite waste
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste recovery reutilization technology field more particularly to a kind of polymer matrix composite wastes Recycling and reusing method.
Background technique
Currently, polymer matrix composite is because it has many advantages, such as that intensity is high, durability is good, light-weight, high temperature high voltage resistant, It is widely used in fields such as building, aviation, sports goods, wind energy and communications and transportation, therefore, worldwide has huge Production and consumption.With the rapid growth of polymer matrix composite service life, the polymer matrix for reaching service life is multiple A large amount of leftover bits and inferior waste product etc. are generated in the recycling of condensation material waste and resource utilization and production process Reason, becomes a significant challenge of sustainable economic development, resources effective utilization and environmental requirement.
The method of conventional treatment Polymer based composites waste is to burn and fill, since it is difficult to biodegrade, It will cause atmosphere pollution and soil pollution, many countries promulgate relevant laws and regulations in succession in recent years, it is forbidden to burn and fill out It buries.Therefore, how to handle polymer matrix composite waste is one of key areas of current research.
The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN105254918A discloses a kind of mixed solution pair using dimethylbenzene and butanol Polymer matrix composite is dissolved and is separated by filtration, the method that polymer and solvent is separately recovered, the method operation letter Single, recovery utilization rate is high;But the above method needs to crush the polymer matrix composite before being dissolved, described So that the reinforcement in polymer matrix composite is seriously damaged in crushing process, it is after the recovery to significantly reduce reinforcement Value, and a large amount of solvents are used, serious pollution can be generated to environment, operating process is complicated, is not easy to industrialize.
Summary of the invention
The recycling of the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of polymer matrix composite waste with universality is sharp again Use method.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of recycling and reusing methods of polymer matrix composite waste, comprising the following steps:
In oxygen-free environment, after polymer matrix composite waste is carried out microwave cracking reaction, it is passed through oxygen-containing gas, Microwave oxidation reaction is carried out, composite material reinforcement body is recycled;
The product of the microwave cracking reaction is composite material reinforcement body, fuel oil and non-condensable gas.
Preferably, in the microwave cracking reaction and the microwave oxidation reaction process, the microwave frequency of feed-in is 2450 ± 50MHz or 915 ± 50MHz.
Preferably, 350~950 DEG C of temperature of microwave cracking reaction, the time of the microwave cracking reaction is 20~ 120min。
Preferably, the temperature of the microwave oxidation reaction is 350~500 DEG C, and the time of the microwave oxidation reaction is 20 ~120min.
Preferably, the oxygen-containing gas is air, nitrogen oxygen atmosphere or argon oxygen gas mixture;
Percent by volume >=21% of oxygen in the nitrogen oxygen atmosphere or argon oxygen gas mixture.
Preferably, the polymeric matrix in the polymer matrix composite waste is thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin One or more of rouge and rubber.
Preferably, the composite material reinforcement body is fiber-like reinforcement and/or dry goods reinforcement.
The present invention provides a kind of recycling and reusing methods of polymer matrix composite waste, comprising the following steps: In oxygen-free environment, after polymer matrix composite waste is carried out microwave cracking reaction, it is passed through oxygen-containing gas, carries out microwave Oxidation reaction recycles composite material reinforcement body;The product of microwave cracking reaction is composite material reinforcement body, fuel oil and not Condensable gases.The present invention makes polymeric matrix that cracking reaction occur in oxygen-free environment, while guaranteeing that reinforcement does not occur instead It answers, to remove polymeric matrix, then oxidation removal composite material reinforcement body surface deposits carbon, and recycling has superperformance Reinforcement, the basic lack of polymeric residue in reinforcement surface, any surface finish zero defect.Microwave can be quick and be evenly heated poly- Object based composites waste is closed, the rate of recovery of fuel oil, non-condensable gas and composite material reinforcement body is improved, realizes polymerization The resource utilization of object based composites;The reaction time can be shortened, simplify reaction process, it is energy-saving and have significant Environment protecting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of polymer matrix composite scrap concrete reuse method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the pictorial diagram that embodiment 2 recycles carbon fiber;
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph that embodiment 2 recycles carbon fiber.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of recycling and reusing methods of polymer matrix composite waste, comprising the following steps:
In oxygen-free environment, after polymer matrix composite waste is carried out microwave cracking reaction, it is passed through oxygen-containing gas, Microwave oxidation reaction is carried out, composite material reinforcement body is recycled;
The product of the microwave cracking reaction is composite material reinforcement body, fuel oil and non-condensable gas.
The present invention after polymer matrix composite waste is carried out microwave cracking reaction, is passed through and contains in oxygen-free environment Carrier of oxygen carries out microwave oxidation reaction, recycles composite material reinforcement body.In the present invention, the oxygen-free environment is preferably vacuum Or protective atmosphere;The present invention does not have any special restriction to the vacuum degree of the vacuum.In the present invention, the protective atmosphere Preferably inert gas;The present invention does not have any special restriction to the type of the inert gas, using those skilled in the art Inert gas type known to member.
In the present invention, the polymeric matrix in the polymer matrix composite waste be preferably thermosetting resin, One or more of thermoplastic resin and rubber.In the present invention, the polymer matrix of the polymer composites waste Body is more preferably thermosetting resin, and the thermosetting resin is preferably epoxy resin.
In the present invention, in the microwave cracking reaction process, the microwave frequency of feed-in be preferably 2450 ± 50MHz or 915±50MHz;The temperature of the microwave cracking reaction is preferably 350~950 DEG C;The time of the microwave cracking reaction is preferred For 20~120min.In the present invention, the temperature of the microwave cracking reaction can guarantee that polymer completes cracking, Jin Eryou Effect removal polymer, while can also guarantee composite material reinforcement body better performances after the recovery.
After the reaction was completed, the gas that the present invention preferably generates microwave cracking reaction condenses microwave cracking, and respectively Collect the fuel oil generated after condensation and non-condensable gas.The present invention uses the no any special restriction of condensation Condensation process well known to those skilled in the art is condensed.After the completion of condensation, the present invention preferably to obtained gas into Row separating-purifying obtains non-condensable gas, carries out layering refinement to obtained oil and obtains fuel oil;The present invention is to the separation No any special restriction is purified, is carried out using separating-purifying process well known to those skilled in the art;The present invention couple The layering is refined also without any special restriction, is refined i.e. using layering well known to those skilled in the art It can;The present invention also without any special restriction, collected the collected process using well known to those skilled in the art Journey is collected.
In the present invention, by taking carbon fibre reinforced composite as an example, the non-condensable gas includes CH4、C2H4、C2H6With C3H6One or more of, but it is not limited only to above-mentioned gas.
In the present invention, by taking carbon fibre reinforced composite as an example, the rate of recovery of carbon fiber is up to 80~95%;With glass For fibre reinforced composites, the rate of recovery of glass fibre is up to 90%~100%.
It is in the present invention, described that have carrier of oxygen be preferably air, nitrogen oxygen atmosphere or argon oxygen gas mixture;The nitrogen oxygen mixing Percent by volume >=21% of oxygen in gas or argon oxygen gas mixture.
In the present invention, in the microwave oxidation reaction process, the microwave frequency of feed-in be preferably 2450 ± 50MHz or 915±50MHz.The temperature of the microwave oxidation reaction is preferably 350~500 DEG C;The time of the microwave oxidation reaction is preferred For 20~120min.
In the present invention, the temperature of the microwave oxidation reaction can effectively remove the deposition carbon on reinforcement surface, and control The rate of microwave oxidation reaction processed improves the performance and the rate of recovery of composite material reinforcement body.
After microwave oxidation reaction, the present invention preferably cools down the product after microwave oxidation reaction, obtains composite material Reinforcement;The cooling is preferably natural cooling.
In the present invention, the composite material reinforcement body is fiber-like reinforcement and/or dry goods reinforcement.
In the present invention, the fiber-like reinforcement is preferably carbon fiber or glass fibre;The dry goods reinforcement is excellent It is selected as fabric.
Below with reference to embodiment to the recycling and reusing method of polymer matrix composite waste provided by the invention into Row detailed description, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composites waste having a size of 10 × 10 × 2cm is put into microwave heating In the burner hearth of device, it is passed through inert gas, control microwave power is 2450MHz, and being heated to temperature is 450 DEG C, carries out microwave and splits 40min is solved, fuel oil and non-condensable gas are collected in condensation;It is passed through air, keeps 30min to carry out microwave oxidation at 450 DEG C After reaction, 100 DEG C are naturally cooling to hereinafter, obtaining glass fiber reinforcements, the glass fiber reinforcements surface is smooth complete, Substantially without epoxy resin and deposition carbon residual, form and performance are uniform.The glass fibre rate of recovery is 90%~100%, after recycling Fiberglass tensile intensity is the 80~95% of bare glass fibre.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite waste having a size of 20 × 5 × 2cm is put into In the burner hearth of microwave heating equipment, it is passed through inert gas, control microwave power is 2450MHz, and being heated to temperature is 500 DEG C, into Fuel oil and non-condensable gas are collected in row microwave cracking 30min, condensation;It is passed through air, keeps 40min to carry out at 400 DEG C After microwave oxidation reaction, 100 DEG C are naturally cooling to hereinafter, obtaining carbon fiber reinforcement, Fig. 2 is the photograph of the recycling carbon fiber Piece, as seen from the figure, the carbon fiber successfully extract;Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the carbon fiber reinforcement, as seen from the figure, institute It is smooth complete to state carbon fiber reinforcement surface, substantially without epoxy resin and deposition carbon residual, form and performance are uniform.Carbon fiber returns Yield is 80%~95%, and carbon fiber tensile strength is the 75~90% of original carbon fiber after recycling.
As seen from the above embodiment, the basic lack of polymeric residue in reinforcement surface that method provided by the invention obtains, table The bright and clean zero defect in face.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of recycling and reusing method of polymer matrix composite waste, comprising the following steps:
In oxygen-free environment, after polymer matrix composite waste is carried out microwave cracking reaction, it is passed through oxygen-containing gas, is carried out Microwave oxidation reaction recycles composite material reinforcement body;
The product of the microwave cracking reaction is composite material reinforcement body, fuel oil and non-condensable gas.
2. recycling and reusing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the microwave cracking reaction and the microwave oxygen Change in reaction process, the microwave frequency of feed-in is 2450 ± 50MHz or 915 ± 50MHz.
3. recycling and reusing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature 350 of the microwave cracking reaction~ 950 DEG C, the time of the microwave cracking reaction is 20~120min.
4. recycling and reusing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature of the microwave oxidation reaction is 350 ~500 DEG C, the time of the microwave oxidation reaction is 20~120min.
5. recycling and reusing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the oxygen-containing gas is air, the mixing of nitrogen oxygen Gas or argon oxygen gas mixture;
Percent by volume >=21% of oxygen in the nitrogen oxygen atmosphere or argon oxygen gas mixture.
6. method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that in the polymer matrix composite waste Polymeric matrix be one or more of thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin and rubber.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the composite material reinforcement body be fiber-like reinforcement and/or Dry goods reinforcement.
CN201910485043.6A 2019-06-05 2019-06-05 A kind of recycling and reusing method of polymer matrix composite waste Pending CN110181714A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113021680A (en) * 2021-03-12 2021-06-25 昆明理工大学 Method for separating and recovering all components of waste sucker rod
CN113278438A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-20 西安热工研究院有限公司 Coal-fired power plant-based microwave pyrolysis treatment system and method for waste wind power blades

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113021680A (en) * 2021-03-12 2021-06-25 昆明理工大学 Method for separating and recovering all components of waste sucker rod
CN113278438A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-20 西安热工研究院有限公司 Coal-fired power plant-based microwave pyrolysis treatment system and method for waste wind power blades
WO2022252418A1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-08 西安热工研究院有限公司 Coal-fired power plant-based microwave cracking treatment system and method for waste wind-turbine blade

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Application publication date: 20190830