CN110176816A - 一种正弦波磁场异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子 - Google Patents

一种正弦波磁场异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子 Download PDF

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CN110176816A
CN110176816A CN201910526407.0A CN201910526407A CN110176816A CN 110176816 A CN110176816 A CN 110176816A CN 201910526407 A CN201910526407 A CN 201910526407A CN 110176816 A CN110176816 A CN 110176816A
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conducting bar
rotor
sine wave
permanent magnet
motor
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朱庆国
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Luneng Environment Protection Science And Technology Development Co Ltd Jili
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Luneng Environment Protection Science And Technology Development Co Ltd Jili
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/223—Rotor cores with windings and permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/265—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/46—Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种正弦波磁场异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子，属于电机制造技术领域，采用转子本体、永磁体和导条槽构成，其中磁极中心位置的导条槽间距最大，其两侧导条槽间距依次逐步减小。这样做产生的气隙磁场就接近正弦波磁场，从而改变转子内部磁力线的走向，使得流向电机气隙磁场的磁通分布发生变化。本发明装置在不增加电机制造成本，不增加电机制造工艺难度的情况下，实现了正弦波永磁电机气隙磁场。正弦波磁场使得电机起动性能更佳，运行振动和噪声降低，电机效率提高，起到节能的作用。

Description

一种正弦波磁场异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子
技术领域
本发明属于电机制造技术领域，涉及一种异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子。
背景技术
现有的异步起动永磁同步电动机包括转子本体、永磁体和导条槽，有多个永磁体在转子本体上呈放射性均匀分布，导条槽处有铝导条，电机启动时利用铝导条与定子旋转磁场耦合，完成启动过程，然后利用永磁体磁场与定子磁场耦合，实现电机正常运行。其中转子上的导条槽结构是采用异步电机的相同结构，导条槽在转子本体边沿处均匀分布，并且形状大小相同，这种结构使永磁体产生的气隙磁场为方波磁场，这种方式应用于异步起动永磁同步电动机时，磁场含有大量的谐波，谐波磁场在电机运转时产生高次谐波铁损耗，同时产生附加扭矩引起电机振动和噪声，电机效率也随之降低。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种正弦波磁场异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子，实现电机平稳启动，高效运行，并降低振动和噪声。
如果当电机启动时，能够实现的气隙磁场为正弦波磁场，则可以有效地克服启动过程中出现的问题。
本发明解决技术问题的方案是采用转子本体、永磁体和导条槽构成正弦波磁场异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子，其中磁极中心位置的导条槽间距最大，其两侧导条槽间距依次逐步减小，即相邻的两个永磁体中间位置的导条槽间距最大，然后依次逐步向两侧减小导条槽间距。这样做产生的气隙磁场就接近正弦波磁场，从而改变转子内部磁力线的走向，使得流向电机气隙磁场的磁通分布发生变化。导条槽间隙越小，磁阻越大，流过的磁通就越少，对应位置的气隙磁密就越低。相反，导条槽间隙越大，磁阻就越小，流过的磁通就越多对应位置的气隙磁密就越高。
越接近正弦波磁场，启动的效果就越好，可以根据导条槽在转子本体边沿处均匀分布时导条槽间距，进一步确定导条槽间距。根据永磁体数量，每磁极可以有7个导条槽、6个导条槽或5个导条槽。每磁极7个导条槽情况下，槽间距t1:t2:t3:t4比例为8:4-4.5:3.5-2.8:2.6-2.3，能够达到接近于正弦波的气隙磁场；每磁极6个导条槽情况下，槽间距t1:t2:t3比例为12:6-3.5:3.3-2.7，能够达到接近于正弦波的气隙磁场；每磁极5个导条槽情况下，槽间距t1:t2:t3比例为19:7-4:3.5-2.5，能够达到接近于正弦波的气隙磁场。
如果想使得产生的气隙磁场更加接近正弦波磁场，可以通过计算机绘图软件设计转子结构，并一次或多次调整导条槽尺寸及分布。并通过计算机电磁仿真软件手段校核电机气隙磁场波形是否接近正弦波形，直到气隙磁场波形达到或接近正弦波形为止。虽然理论上磁场波形越接近正弦波形启动效果越理想，气隙磁密接近正弦波的程度，可根据工况需要自行选定。所以一般情况下能够产生近似正弦波形气隙磁密就能够满足电机启动和运行要求。
本发明装置在不增加电机制造成本，不增加电机制造工艺难度的情况下，实现了正弦波永磁电机气隙磁场。正弦波磁场使得电机起动性能更佳，运行振动和噪声降低，电机效率提高，起到节能的作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明产品的示意图；
图2为电磁仿真磁力线走势图；
图3为电磁仿真气隙磁场波形示意图
图4为每磁极6个导条槽的产品示意图；
图5为每磁极5个导条槽的产品示意图。
具体实施方式
例1、本发明由转子本体1、永磁体2和导条槽3构成，其中磁极中心位置的导条槽间距最大，其两侧导条槽间距依次逐步减小，其中每磁极7个导条槽情况下槽间距t1:t2:t3:t4比例为8:4.3:3:2.5。通过计算机绘图软件设计转子结构，并一次或多次调整导条槽尺寸及分布。见图1。
例2、本发明由转子本体1、永磁体2和导条槽3构成，其中磁极中心位置的导条槽间距最大，其两侧导条槽间距依次逐步减小，其中每磁极6个导条槽情况下，槽间距t1:t2:t3比例为12:5:3。
例3、本发明由转子本体1、永磁体2和导条槽3构成，其中磁极中心位置的导条槽间距最大，其两侧导条槽间距依次逐步减小，其中每磁极5个导条槽情况下，槽间距t1:t2:t3比例为19:5:3。

Claims (8)

1.一种正弦波磁场异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子，由本体、永磁体和导条槽构成，其特征在于：磁极中心位置的导条槽间距最大，其两侧导条槽间距依次逐步减小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动机的转子，其特征在于：每磁极7个导条槽情况下，槽间距t1:t2:t3:t4比例为8:4-4.5:3.5-2.8:2.6-2.3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动机的转子，其特征在于：槽间距t1:t2:t3:t4比例为8:4.3:3:2.5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动机的转子，其特征在于：每磁极6个导条槽情况下，槽间距t1:t2:t3比例为12:6-3.5:3.3-2.7。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动机的转子，其特征在于：槽间距t1:t2:t3比例为12:5:3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电动机的转子，其特征在于：每磁极5个导条槽情况下，槽间距t1:t2:t3比例为19:7-4:3.5-2.5。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电动机的转子，其特征在于：槽间距t1:t2:t3比例为19:5:3。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电动机的转子，其特征在于：调整磁极导条槽槽间距的方法是通过计算机绘图软件设计转子结构，调整导条槽尺寸及分布。
CN201910526407.0A 2019-06-18 2019-06-18 一种正弦波磁场异步起动永磁同步电动机的转子 Pending CN110176816A (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001037126A (ja) * 1999-07-16 2001-02-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 自己始動形永久磁石式同期電動機
CN1853330A (zh) * 2003-09-19 2006-10-25 东芝开利株式会社 永磁电动机
CN103219814A (zh) * 2013-04-09 2013-07-24 沈阳工业大学 基于不同剩磁密度永磁体的异步起动永磁同步电动机转子

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001037126A (ja) * 1999-07-16 2001-02-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 自己始動形永久磁石式同期電動機
CN101630887A (zh) * 1999-07-16 2010-01-20 松下电器产业株式会社 永久磁铁同步电动机
CN1853330A (zh) * 2003-09-19 2006-10-25 东芝开利株式会社 永磁电动机
US20060273678A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2006-12-07 Toshihiko Futami Permanent magnet motor
CN103219814A (zh) * 2013-04-09 2013-07-24 沈阳工业大学 基于不同剩磁密度永磁体的异步起动永磁同步电动机转子

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