CN110176790B - Power control method and system of new energy power station with fast frequency response - Google Patents

Power control method and system of new energy power station with fast frequency response Download PDF

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CN110176790B
CN110176790B CN201910458104.XA CN201910458104A CN110176790B CN 110176790 B CN110176790 B CN 110176790B CN 201910458104 A CN201910458104 A CN 201910458104A CN 110176790 B CN110176790 B CN 110176790B
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CN110176790A (en
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王阳
王潇
朱玥荣
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy power generation control, in particular to a power control method of a new energy power station with quick frequency response, which comprises the following steps: (A) the control module collects voltage, current and frequency information of a power station grid-connected point at the output end of the transformer; (B) the control module calculates an active control target value according to the active-frequency characteristic curve and the frequency, and calculates a reactive control target value according to the reactive-voltage characteristic curve and the voltage information; (C) the control module processes the two target values and then outputs a PWM control signal to adjust the active power output and the reactive power output of the power station; and a corresponding system is disclosed. According to the requirement of a power grid on the rapid automatic control of the photovoltaic power station, the invention adds a rapid frequency response function on the basis of the group control of the control system group sending; the capacity of detecting the short circuit of the grid-connected bus in real time is increased, the control parameters are adjusted accordingly, the push-pull oscillation of the system is avoided, the adjustment quality is improved, and the safe and stable operation of a power station and a power grid is ensured.

Description

Power control method and system of new energy power station with fast frequency response
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy power generation control, in particular to a power control method and a power control system of a new energy power station with quick frequency response.
Background
High-efficiency, clean and renewable energy power generation technologies represented by wind energy, solar energy and the like are highly valued by countries all over the world, and how to safely connect the power supplies into a system needs to solve the problems of high-power, high-efficiency and high-quality energy conversion and control. The new energy power generation has important significance for optimizing the energy structure, promoting energy conservation and emission reduction and realizing economic sustainable development.
The new energy installation of the northwest China power grid is nearly 40% of the total capacity by 2017. The new energy power station is required to participate in peak regulation and voltage regulation of the power grid, otherwise, the power grid cannot run safely and stably. Because new energy power stations such as photovoltaic power, wind power and the like naturally have a back load characteristic, active power and reactive power of the new energy power stations are not well adjusted in the prior art, and a traditional circulation response type control mode of an electric power system can not meet the one-to-multiple-point regulation control of the new energy power stations, and the power system can not respond quickly when the frequency and the voltage of a power grid are subjected to large disturbance. Meanwhile, in the control of a new energy power station with a multi-machine system, due to the influences of the difference of the electrical distances and the inconsistency of the control performance, push-pull vibration is easy to occur in the adjusting process, and the system safety is influenced. Particularly, the reactive power is generally only dependent on a dynamic reactive power compensation device SVG configured according to 20% of the capacity of the installation machine, so that the requirement of quick and accurate response of a power grid which often bears dynamic disturbance is far met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power control method of a new energy power station with quick frequency response, which realizes quick frequency response and power coordination control.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a power control method of a new energy power plant with fast frequency response comprises the following steps: (A) the control module collects voltage, current and frequency information of a power station grid-connected point at the output end of the transformer; (B) the control module calculates an active control target value according to the active-frequency characteristic curve and the frequency, and calculates a reactive control target value according to the reactive-voltage characteristic curve and the voltage information; (C) the control module processes the active control target value and the reactive control target value and outputs PWM control signals to an inverter of the power station to adjust the active power output and the reactive power output of the power station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: according to the requirement of a power grid on the rapid automatic control of the photovoltaic power station, the invention adds a rapid frequency response function on the basis of the group control of the control system group sending; in order to enhance the stability and robustness of a control system, a frequency control difference adjustment coefficient is introduced into a control strategypDifference adjustment coefficient of sum voltage controlq(ii) a And in the PID (proportion/integral/derivative) control strategies of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) of the photovoltaic power station, real-time detection of the short-circuit capacity of the grid-connected bus is added, so that control parameters are adjusted, the push-pull oscillation of the system is avoided, the adjustment quality is improved, and the safe and stable operation of the power station and a power grid is ensured.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a power control system of a new energy power plant with a fast frequency response, which realizes fast frequency response and power coordination control.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a power control system of a new energy power station with rapid frequency response comprises a photovoltaic square matrix module, a confluence box, an inverter, a transformer and a control module, wherein the output end of the photovoltaic square matrix module is connected with a bus and then is connected with a grid after passing through the confluence box, the inverter and the transformer in sequence, the control module collects voltage, current and frequency information of a grid-connected point of a power station at the output end of the transformer, the control module calculates an active control target value according to an active-frequency characteristic curve and the frequency information, and calculates a reactive control target value according to a reactive-voltage characteristic curve and the voltage information; the control module processes the active control target value and the reactive control target value and outputs PWM control signals to an inverter of the power station to adjust the active power output and the reactive power output of the power station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: according to the requirement of a power grid on the rapid automatic control of the photovoltaic power station, the invention adds a rapid frequency response function on the basis of the group control of the control system group sending; in order to enhance the stability and robustness of a control system, a frequency control difference adjustment coefficient is introduced into a control strategypDifference adjustment coefficient of sum voltage controlq(ii) a And in the PID (proportion/integral/derivative) control strategies of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) of the photovoltaic power station, real-time detection of the short-circuit capacity of the grid-connected bus is added, so that control parameters are adjusted, the push-pull oscillation of the system is avoided, the adjustment quality is improved, and the safe and stable operation of the power station and a power grid is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an active-frequency characteristic curve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
Referring to fig. 1, a power control method of a new energy power plant with a fast frequency response includes the steps of: (A) the control module collects the voltage and electricity of the grid-connected point of the transformer output end power stationStream and frequency information; (B) the control module calculates an active control target value according to the active-frequency characteristic curve and the frequency, and calculates a reactive control target value according to the reactive-voltage characteristic curve and the voltage information; (C) the control module processes the active control target value and the reactive control target value and outputs PWM control signals to an inverter of the power station to adjust the active power output and the reactive power output of the power station. According to the requirement of a power grid on the rapid automatic control of the photovoltaic power station, the invention adds a rapid frequency response function on the basis of the group control of the control system group sending; in order to enhance the stability and robustness of a control system, a frequency control difference adjustment coefficient is introduced into a control strategypDifference adjustment coefficient of sum voltage controlq(ii) a And in the PID (proportion/integral/derivative) control strategies of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) of the photovoltaic power station, real-time detection of the short-circuit capacity of the grid-connected bus is added, so that control parameters are adjusted, the push-pull oscillation of the system is avoided, the adjustment quality is improved, and the safe and stable operation of the power station and a power grid is ensured.
In order to calculate the active control target value and the reactive control target value more accurately and ensure the control accuracy of the control module, in the present invention, preferably, in step B, the active control target value is calculated according to the following formula: (S11) within the frequency response dead band, Pt=P0(ii) a (S12) outside the frequency response dead band and within the power plant' S active power regulating capability,
Figure BDA0002077224340000031
(S13) outside the active power regulation capability of the power plant, Pt=P0±a*Pn(ii) a In the above three formulae, PtFor active control of the target value, P0Is the initial value of active power, PnIs rated active power, f is the current frequency value collected by the control module, fdFor fast frequency response dead zone, fnIn order to be the nominal frequency of the system,p% is frequency control difference adjustment coefficient, and a is power station active power adjustment capacity. Here active workThe rate regulation capability a and the reactive power regulation capability b in the following are inherent properties of the power plant and can be determined after the power plant is built. The regulating range of each power plant does not exceed its regulating capacity in terms of output power control of the power plant. Here, the active control target value P is adjusted according to the difference of the collected frequenciestReasonable calculation is carried out, accurate adjustment of subsequent active power output is guaranteed, and the stability of the power grid is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, in order to more clearly illustrate the calculation of the active control target value, the following example is illustrated in detail: rated frequency f of the systemn50Hz, fast frequency response dead band fdThe power station active power regulation capacity a is 10% at 50 +/-0.06 Hz, and the control module calculates the active control target value according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002077224340000041
the formula is more specific, the nature of the formula is the same as that of the previous steps S11-S13, and only the common values are taken for some parameters in the steps S11-S13, it should be noted that the values are only taken for a certain photovoltaic power station as an example, and for other photovoltaic power stations or wind power plants, the parameters are different and are selected according to actual parameters. Through the calculation of the formula, the active control target value can be accurately calculated.
More preferably, the frequency measurement precision is less than or equal to 0.001Hz, and the frequency sampling period is less than or equal to 42 ms. The frequency can be used for calculating the power grid frequency according to the working condition of the high-voltage side (outgoing line) of the main transformer of the photovoltaic power station. The AGC system is generally adopted to directly acquire the system frequency, the sampling precision is high, the speed is high, and the timeliness of the quick frequency response function can be effectively improved by performing the logic calculation of the quick frequency response function through the directly acquired frequency.
Preferably, in the step B, the reactive power control target value is calculated as follows: (S21) within the Voltage response dead band, Qt=Q0(ii) a (S22) reactive power regulation outside the voltage response dead band and at the power plantIn the internal force, the pressure of the air is controlled,
Figure BDA0002077224340000051
(S23) outside the reactive power regulating capabilities of the power plant, Qt=Q0±b*Qn(ii) a In the above three formulas, QtFor reactive control target value, Q0Is an initial value of reactive power, QnFor rated reactive power, U is the current voltage value collected by the control module, UdFor fast voltage response dead zone, UnThe voltage of the system is rated as the rated voltage of the system,q% is voltage control difference regulating coefficient, b is reactive power regulating capacity of the power station, and b is determined by bidirectional reactive (capacitive or inductive) regulating capacity of the power station. Here, the reactive power control target value Q is adjusted according to the difference of the collected voltagetReasonable calculation is carried out, accurate adjustment of subsequent reactive power output is guaranteed, and the stability of the power grid is improved.
Furthermore, in the step C, the control module comprises an automatic generation control unit AGC and an automatic voltage control unit AVC; the automatic generation control unit AGC processes the active control target value and outputs a PWM control signal to an inverter of the power station for regulating the active power output of the power station; the control module detects the change of the delta Q/delta U value of the bus in real time, and selects the proportional amplification factor K of the PID parameter in the automatic voltage control unit AVC by a step-by-step approximation method and a disturbance detection method according to the short-circuit capacity of the busPIntegral gain KiAnd a differential gain KdAnd the automatic voltage control unit AVC processes the PID parameters and the reactive power control target value and outputs PWM control signals to an inverter of the power station for regulating the reactive power output of the power station. Through the steps, the requirements of different power grid access points and randomly-changed grid-connected point bus short-circuit capacity can be met, and system push-pull oscillation is prevented.
The invention also discloses a power control system of the new energy power station with rapid frequency response, which comprises a photovoltaic square matrix module, a combiner box, an inverter, a transformer and a control module,the output end of the photovoltaic array module is connected with a bus and then connected with a grid after passing through the combiner box, the inverter and the transformer in sequence, the control module collects voltage, current and frequency information of a grid-connected point of a power station at the output end of the transformer, the control module calculates an active control target value according to an active-frequency characteristic curve and the frequency information, and calculates a reactive control target value according to a reactive-voltage characteristic curve and the voltage information; the control module processes the active control target value and the reactive control target value and outputs PWM control signals to an inverter of the power station to adjust the active power output and the reactive power output of the power station. According to the requirement of a power grid on the rapid automatic control of the photovoltaic power station, the invention adds a rapid frequency response function on the basis of the group control of the control system group sending; in order to enhance the stability and robustness of a control system, a frequency control difference adjustment coefficient is introduced into a control strategypDifference adjustment coefficient of sum voltage controlq(ii) a And in the PID (proportion/integral/derivative) control strategies of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) of the photovoltaic power station, real-time detection of the short-circuit capacity of the grid-connected bus is added, so that control parameters are adjusted, the push-pull oscillation of the system is avoided, the adjustment quality is improved, and the safe and stable operation of the power station and a power grid is ensured.
The active-frequency characteristic curve and the reactive-voltage characteristic curve are described in detail in the foregoing control method, and are not described herein again.
Furthermore, the control module comprises a scheduling unit, a high-precision frequency measuring module, an automatic generation control unit AGC and an automatic voltage control unit AVC; the dispatching unit is used for issuing a power station active power regulation task to the automatic power generation control unit AGC and issuing a power station reactive power regulation task to the automatic voltage control unit AVC; the high-precision frequency measurement module is used for detecting the frequency information of the power grid; the automatic generation control unit AGC is used for executing a power station active power regulation strategy; the automatic voltage control unit AVC is used for executing a power station reactive power regulation strategy.
The system has a plurality of advantages after being improved: firstly, the system frequency acquisition precision is high, the speed is high, the AGC system directly acquires the system frequency, the sampling precision is high, the speed is high, the direct acquisition frequency is used for carrying out the logic calculation of the rapid frequency response function, and the timeliness of the rapid frequency response function can be effectively improved. Secondly, the active instruction transmission is fast, the closed loop response time of the system is short, the control instruction of the AGC system of the photovoltaic power station adopts an Ethernet transmission mode, and the instruction transmission time of fast frequency response can be effectively shortened by optimizing an instruction transmission scheme. Thirdly, the function expansibility is good, the interconnection and the information intercommunication with a dispatching end system can be conveniently realized by utilizing the existing dispatching data network channel, the monitoring and the management of the dispatching to the device are facilitated, and the function expansibility is good. And fourthly, the multi-party connection is flexible, the system supports network communication, the protocols support multiple protocols such as IEC104, IEC103 and MODBUSTCP, and the system is suitable for data interaction with multiple objects. And fifthly, the safety of the information network system is fully considered, and necessary encryption and isolation devices are additionally arranged in the key link of information interaction. The control method and the control device are successfully applied to the operating photovoltaic power station, are beneficial to the safe, stable and economic operation of a power grid, reduce the operation loss of the power station, and have great social benefit and considerable economic benefit when being popularized.

Claims (7)

1. A power control method of a new energy power station with fast frequency response is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(A) the control module collects voltage, current and frequency information of a power station grid-connected point at the output end of the transformer;
(B) the control module calculates an active control target value according to the active-frequency characteristic curve and the frequency, and calculates a reactive control target value according to the reactive-voltage characteristic curve and the voltage information;
(C) the control module processes the active control target value and the reactive control target value and outputs a PWM control signal to an inverter of the power station to adjust the active power output and the reactive power output of the power station;
the frequency measurement precision is less than or equal to 0.001Hz, and the frequency sampling period is less than or equal to 42 ms;
in the step (C), the control moduleThe system comprises an automatic power generation control unit AGC and an automatic voltage control unit AVC; the automatic generation control unit AGC processes the active control target value and outputs a PWM control signal to an inverter of the power station for regulating the active power output of the power station; control module real-time detection bus
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Selecting proportion amplification times of PID parameters in automatic voltage control unit AVC according to variation of bus short-circuit capacity by adopting successive approximation method and disturbance detection method
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Integral gain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
And differential gain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
And the automatic voltage control unit AVC processes the PID parameters and the reactive power control target value and outputs PWM control signals to an inverter of the power station for regulating the reactive power output of the power station.
2. The power control method of a new energy power plant with a fast frequency response according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (B), the active control target value is calculated according to the following formula:
(S11) within the frequency response dead band,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
(S12) outside the frequency response dead band and within the power plant' S active power regulating capability,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
(S13) in hairIn addition to the active power regulation capability of the power station,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
in the above three formulas,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
in order to control the target value of the active power,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the initial value of the active power,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
in order to be rated for the active power,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
is the current frequency value collected by the control module,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
in order to have a fast frequency response dead band,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
in order to be the nominal frequency of the system,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
in order to control the coefficient of the frequency offset,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
the power station active power regulation capability.
3. The power control method of a new energy power plant with a fast frequency response according to claim 2, characterized in that: the rated frequency of the system
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Fast frequency response dead band
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Power station active power regulation capability
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
The control module calculates the active control target value according to the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
4. the power control method of a new energy power plant with a fast frequency response according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (B), the reactive power control target value is calculated as follows:
(S21) within the voltage response dead band,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
(S22) outside the voltage response dead band and within the reactive power regulating capability of the power plant,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
(S23) outside the reactive power regulating capabilities of the power plant,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
in the above three formulas,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
in order to obtain the reactive power control target value,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
is the initial value of the reactive power,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
in order to be rated for the reactive power,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
for the current voltage value collected by the control module,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
in order to have a fast voltage response dead zone,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
the voltage of the system is rated as the rated voltage of the system,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
in order to control the difference-adjusting coefficient for the voltage,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
and the reactive power regulation capability of the power station is realized.
5. A power control system for a new energy power plant with fast frequency response, characterized by: the control module collects voltage, current and frequency information of a grid-connected point of a power station at the output end of the transformer, calculates an active control target value according to an active-frequency characteristic curve and the frequency information, and calculates a reactive control target value according to a reactive-voltage characteristic curve and the voltage information; the control module processes the active control target value and the reactive control target value and outputs a PWM control signal to an inverter of the power station to adjust the active power output and the reactive power output of the power station;
the control module comprises a scheduling unit, a high-precision frequency measurement module, an automatic power generation control unit AGC and an automatic voltage control unit AVC; the dispatching unit is used for issuing a power station active power regulation task to the automatic power generation control unit AGC and issuing a power station reactive power regulation task to the automatic voltage control unit AVC; the high-precision frequency measurement module is used for detecting the frequency information of the power grid; the automatic generation control unit AGC is used for executing a power station active power regulation strategy; the automatic voltage control unit AVC is used for executing a power station reactive power regulation strategy;
the automatic generation control unit AGC processes the active control target value and outputs a PWM control signal to an inverter of the power station for regulating the active power output of the power station; control module real-time detection bus
Figure 115277DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Selecting proportion amplification times of PID parameters in automatic voltage control unit AVC according to variation of bus short-circuit capacity by adopting successive approximation method and disturbance detection method
Figure 845466DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Integral gain
Figure 625203DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
And differential gain
Figure 20413DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
And the automatic voltage control unit AVC processes the PID parameters and the reactive power control target value and outputs PWM control signals to an inverter of the power station for regulating the reactive power output of the power station.
6. The power control system of a new energy power plant with fast frequency response according to claim 5, characterized in that: the active-frequency characteristic curve is as follows:
(S11) within the frequency response dead band,
Figure 897102DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
(S12) outside the frequency response dead band and within the power plant' S active power regulating capability,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012A
(S13) outside the power plant' S active power regulation capability,
Figure 532614DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
in the above three formulas,
Figure 799647DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
in order to control the target value of the active power,
Figure 60864DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the initial value of the active power,
Figure 729743DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
in order to be rated for the active power,
Figure 723107DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
is the current frequency value collected by the control module,
Figure 287556DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
in order to have a fast frequency response dead band,
Figure 24567DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
in order to be the nominal frequency of the system,
Figure 547953DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
in order to control the coefficient of the frequency offset,
Figure 40114DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
the power station active power regulation capability.
7. The power control system of a new energy power plant with fast frequency response according to claim 5, characterized in that: the reactive-voltage characteristic curve is as follows:
(S21) within the voltage response dead band,
Figure 281739DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
(S22) outside the voltage response dead band and within the reactive power regulating capability of the power plant,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042A
(S23) outside the reactive power regulating capabilities of the power plant,
Figure 369912DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
in the above three formulas,
Figure 75700DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
in order to obtain the reactive power control target value,
Figure 410866DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
is the initial value of the reactive power,
Figure 139788DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
in order to be rated for the reactive power,
Figure 31652DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
for the current voltage value collected by the control module,
Figure 529629DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
in order to have a fast voltage response dead zone,
Figure 301276DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
the voltage of the system is rated as the rated voltage of the system,
Figure 314231DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
for voltage controlThe coefficient of the difference is such that,
Figure 196737DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
and the reactive power regulation capability of the power station is realized.
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