CN110176329B - Flame-retardant cable - Google Patents

Flame-retardant cable Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110176329B
CN110176329B CN201910512588.1A CN201910512588A CN110176329B CN 110176329 B CN110176329 B CN 110176329B CN 201910512588 A CN201910512588 A CN 201910512588A CN 110176329 B CN110176329 B CN 110176329B
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flame
retardant
layer
powder
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CN110176329A (en
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钱志荣
花振强
宋丽
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HUNAN LITONG HENGYU CABLE TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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Hunan Litong Hengyu Cable Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06—Polyethene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • H01B13/24—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/1875—Multi-layer sheaths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/1895—Internal space filling-up means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/321—Phosphates
    • C08K2003/328—Phosphates of heavy metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
    • C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a flame-retardant cable which comprises a conductor, an inner shielding layer, an inner insulating layer, an inner wrapping layer, filling, a wire core wrapping tape layer, an inner sheath, a woven shielding layer and a flame-retardant outer sleeve from inside to outside, wherein the filling is made of a flame-retardant material. The flame-retardant outer sleeve is made of a flame-retardant cable material with the oxygen index being not less than 38, has a good flame-retardant effect, is made of polyethylene serving as a main raw material, and is compounded by alkalized fly ash and modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder to obtain flame-retardant powder, and has the advantages of good flame-retardant effect, low cost and low toxicity.

Description

Flame-retardant cable
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flame-retardant cable.
Background
Power supply has become an indispensable part of the rapid development of the world economy, and electric wires and cables are used as carriers of power supply throughout various industries. Because the high molecular insulating material used by the electric wire and the electric cable belongs to flammable materials, the electric cable is often burnt by internal factors and external factors in the process of transmitting electric energy, and the life and property are damaged. The method generally adopted is to add halide and metal oxide containing halogen into a flame-retardant cable, and is evaluated from the flame-retardant perspective, wherein the smoke and the hydrogen halide gas generated by initial combustion are utilized to isolate the cable from air, so that the flame-retardant effect is achieved; however, because a large amount of smoke and hydrogen halide gas are released during combustion, the visibility is low only during fire, which brings great obstruction to the safe evacuation and fire fighting of people, and simultaneously generates more toxic gas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a flame-retardant cable which has good flame-retardant effect and low toxicity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a flame-retardant cable comprises a conductor, an inner shielding layer, an inner insulating layer, an inner wrapping layer, a filler, a wire core belting layer, an inner sheath, a woven shielding layer and a flame-retardant outer sleeve from inside to outside,
the oxygen index of the flame-retardant jacket is more than or equal to 38,
the filling is made of flame retardant materials.
The flame-retardant outer sleeve is made of a flame-retardant cable material with the oxygen index being not less than 38, has a good flame-retardant effect, is made of polyethylene serving as a main raw material, and is compounded by alkalized fly ash and modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder to obtain flame-retardant powder, and has the advantages of good flame-retardant effect, low cost and low toxicity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the flame-retardant cable comprises a conductor 5, an inner shielding layer 6, an inner insulating layer 7, an inner wrapping layer 8, a filling 9, a cable core wrapping layer 2, an inner sheath 3, a braided shielding layer 4 and a flame-retardant outer sleeve 1 from inside to outside.
The oxygen index of the flame-retardant jacket is more than or equal to 38.
The filling is made of flame retardant materials.
The flame-retardant jacket is prepared by putting 200 parts of polyethylene, 45 parts of composite flame-retardant powder, 9 parts of cross-linking agent, 6 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of polyethylene wax and 3 parts of zinc stearate into a high-speed stirrer and a screw extruder for extrusion granulation.
A method for preparing a flame-retardant outer sleeve,
step 1, placing 100 parts of fly ash into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 10min at 300 r/min, then adding the fly ash into 500 parts of sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.3 mol/L, magnetically stirring for 2h at 80 ℃, filtering and washing, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain alkalized fly ash;
step 2, adding 40 parts of zirconium hydrogen phosphate into 200 parts of deionized water beaker, placing the beaker in a constant temperature water bath, and pre-dispersing for 30min at 40 ℃ and 300 rpm;
step 3, slowly dripping 10 parts of ethyl acrylate into the dispersion liquid, continuing stirring after dripping is finished, and reacting for 60min under the condition of heat preservation;
step 4, obtaining a wet gel layer by suction filtration after the reaction is finished, transferring the wet gel layer into a vacuum drying oven, drying the wet gel layer for 5 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and grinding the wet gel layer to obtain modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder;
step 5, pouring 3 parts of silane, 1.6 parts of aluminate and 0.4 part of titanate coupling agent into a beaker, adding 20 parts of deionized water and 4 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, and hydrolyzing at 80 ℃ for 10min to obtain a compound coupling agent;
step 6, continuously adding 100 parts of deionized water, 1.5 parts of straight-chain alkane sodium benzenesulfonate, 80 parts of alkalized coal ash and 20 parts of modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder into the compound coupling agent, reacting at 80 ℃ for 15min, then performing suction filtration and washing, and drying in a 50 ℃ oven for 24h to obtain composite flame-retardant powder;
step 7, weighing 200 parts of polyethylene, 45 parts of composite flame-retardant powder, 9 parts of cross-linking agent, 6 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of polyethylene wax and 3 parts of zinc stearate according to parts by weight, putting into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing for 30min, and discharging;
and 8, putting the mixture into a screw extruder, extruding and granulating, controlling the temperature at 140 ℃, finally preparing a standard sample strip on an injection molding machine, and carrying out performance test after the sample strip is placed for 72 hours at room temperature.
The flame-retardant powder is obtained by compounding the alkalized fly ash and the modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder, the composite flame retardant is mainly used, the zirconium hydrogen phosphate is used as an auxiliary material, and the price is lower. The zirconium hydrogen phosphate is modified by the nanoscale ethyl acrylate and then is pulled to the interlayer spacing of the laminate, the alkalized fly ash can be effectively embedded, a stable hydrogen bond structure is formed between the hydroxyl inside and outside the zirconium hydrogen phosphate laminate and the surface of the alkalized fly ash, and compared with single fly ash and zirconium hydrogen phosphate, the heat resistance of the compounded flame-retardant powder is remarkably improved. In addition, silicon hydroxyl, aluminum hydroxyl and titanium hydroxyl on the compound coupling agent are condensed with hydroxyl on the surface of the composite powder to form a coupling agent coating layer, so that heat transfer and oxygen diffusion are blocked, thermal degradation of the polymer is effectively delayed and prevented, and generation of volatile combustible components is inhibited. The fly ash is used as industrial solid waste, the flame retardant component for the cable material reduces the dosage of the flame retardant, and the fly ash is economical and environment-friendly and has wide application prospect.
Example 1
A method for preparing a flame-retardant cable material,
step 1, placing 100 parts of fly ash into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 10min at 300 r/min, then adding the fly ash into 500 parts of sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.3 mol/L, magnetically stirring for 2h at 80 ℃, filtering and washing, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain alkalized fly ash;
step 2, adding 40 parts of zirconium hydrogen phosphate into 200 parts of deionized water beaker, placing the beaker in a constant temperature water bath, and pre-dispersing for 30min at 40 ℃ and 300 rpm;
step 3, slowly dripping 10 parts of ethyl acrylate into the dispersion liquid, continuing stirring after dripping is finished, and reacting for 60min under the condition of heat preservation;
step 4, obtaining a wet gel layer by suction filtration after the reaction is finished, transferring the wet gel layer into a vacuum drying oven, drying the wet gel layer for 5 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and grinding the wet gel layer to obtain modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder;
step 5, pouring 3 parts of silane, 1.6 parts of aluminate and 0.4 part of titanate coupling agent into a beaker, adding 20 parts of deionized water and 4 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, and hydrolyzing at 80 ℃ for 10min to obtain a compound coupling agent;
step 6, continuously adding 100 parts of deionized water, 1.5 parts of straight-chain alkane sodium benzenesulfonate, 80 parts of alkalized coal ash and 20 parts of modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder into the compound coupling agent, reacting at 80 ℃ for 15min, then performing suction filtration and washing, and drying in a 50 ℃ oven for 24h to obtain composite flame-retardant powder;
step 7, weighing 200 parts of polyethylene, 45 parts of composite flame-retardant powder, 9 parts of cross-linking agent, 6 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of polyethylene wax and 3 parts of zinc stearate according to parts by weight, putting into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing for 30min, and discharging;
and 8, putting the mixture into a screw extruder, extruding and granulating, controlling the temperature at 140 ℃, and finally preparing a standard sample strip on an injection molding machine. The tensile strength is 15.6 MPa, the test standard GB/T1040.3-2006, the breaking elongation test standard 550% GB/T1040.3-2006 and the limiting oxygen index is 39.1%.
The fly ash used in the invention is industrial solid waste-fly ash, the average particle size is 2.5 microns, and the mass composition is as follows: 32.4% of Al2O3, 8.2% of CaO, 4.3% of Fe2O3, 2.3% of MgO and the balance of SiO 2.
Example 2
Step 5, weighing 200 parts of polyethylene, 35 parts of composite flame-retardant powder, 9 parts of cross-linking agent, 6 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of polyethylene wax and 3 parts of zinc stearate according to parts by weight, putting into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing for 30min, and discharging; the rest of the preparation was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
Step 5, weighing 200 parts of polyethylene, 40 parts of composite flame-retardant powder, 9 parts of cross-linking agent, 6 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of polyethylene wax and 3 parts of zinc stearate according to parts by weight, putting into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing for 30min, and discharging; the rest of the preparation was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference from embodiment 1 is that: in step 6 of preparing the cable material, 40 parts of alkalized coal ash and 60 parts of modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder are added, and the rest steps are completely the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference from embodiment 1 is that: in step 6 of preparing the cable material, 50 parts of alkalized coal ash and 50 parts of modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder are added, and the rest steps are completely the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The difference from embodiment 1 is that: and 7, replacing composite flame-retardant powder with equivalent fly ash, adding the powder into a high-speed stirrer, and extruding and granulating.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the flame-retardant cable material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, placing 100 parts of fly ash into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 10min at 300 r/min, then adding the fly ash into 500 parts of sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.3 mol/L, magnetically stirring for 2h at 80 ℃, filtering and washing, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain alkalized fly ash;
step 2, pouring 3 parts of silane, 1.6 parts of aluminate and 0.4 part of titanate coupling agent into a beaker, adding 20 parts of deionized water and 4 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, and hydrolyzing at 80 ℃ for 10min to obtain a compound coupling agent;
step 3, continuously adding 100 parts of deionized water, 1.5 parts of straight-chain alkane sodium benzenesulfonate, 80 parts of alkalized coal ash and 20 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate into the compound coupling agent, reacting at 80 ℃ for 15min, then performing suction filtration and washing, and drying in a 50 ℃ oven for 24h to obtain composite flame-retardant powder;
step 4, weighing 200 parts of polyethylene, 45 parts of composite flame-retardant powder, 9 parts of cross-linking agent, 6 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of polyethylene wax and 3 parts of zinc stearate according to parts by weight, putting into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing for 30min, and discharging;
and 5, putting the mixture into a screw extruder, extruding and granulating, controlling the temperature at 140 ℃, and finally preparing a standard sample strip on an injection molding machine.
And selecting the prepared cable material to respectively perform flame retardant property detection, and testing on a JF-3 type oxygen index tester according to the GB/T2406.2-2009 standard.
Test results
Figure 77572DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The experimental result shows that the cable material provided by the invention has excellent flame retardant effect, the proportion of the alkalized fly ash and the modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder is changed in the comparison examples 1 and 2, the total amount is unchanged, the limiting oxygen index is reduced, and the result shows that the proportion of the modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder cannot be too large, otherwise, the flame retardant property of the compounded material is influenced; in contrast, the same amount of unmodified fly ash is used as the flame retardant component, the flame retardant effect is not ideal, which shows that the flame retardancy of the high molecular polymer is improved after the composite flame retardant powder is modified.
Comparative example 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was used instead of modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder, which is seen to be far less effective in the system of the present invention than modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder.

Claims (3)

1. A flame retardant cable characterized by: the cable comprises a conductor, an inner shielding layer, an inner insulating layer, an inner wrapping layer, filler, a cable core belting layer, an inner sheath, a woven shielding layer and a flame-retardant outer sleeve from inside to outside, wherein the preparation method of the flame-retardant outer sleeve comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing 100 parts of fly ash into a planetary ball mill for ball milling for 10min at 300 r/min, then adding the fly ash into 500 parts of sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.3 mol/L, magnetically stirring for 2h at 80 ℃, filtering and washing, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain alkalized fly ash;
step 2, adding 40 parts of zirconium hydrogen phosphate into 200 parts of deionized water beaker, placing the beaker in a constant temperature water bath, and pre-dispersing for 30min at 40 ℃ and 300 rpm;
step 3, slowly dripping 10 parts of ethyl acrylate into the dispersion liquid, continuing stirring after dripping is finished, and reacting for 60min under the condition of heat preservation;
step 4, obtaining a wet gel layer by suction filtration after the reaction is finished, transferring the wet gel layer into a vacuum drying oven, drying the wet gel layer for 5 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and grinding the wet gel layer to obtain modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder;
step 5, pouring 3 parts of silane, 1.6 parts of aluminate and 0.4 part of titanate coupling agent into a beaker, adding 20 parts of deionized water and 4 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, and hydrolyzing at 80 ℃ for 10min to obtain a compound coupling agent;
step 6, continuously adding 100 parts of deionized water, 1.5 parts of straight-chain alkane sodium benzenesulfonate, 80 parts of alkalized coal ash and 20 parts of modified zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder into the compound coupling agent, reacting at 80 ℃ for 15min, then performing suction filtration and washing, and drying in a 50 ℃ oven for 24h to obtain composite flame-retardant powder;
step 7, weighing 200 parts of polyethylene, 45 parts of composite flame-retardant powder, 9 parts of cross-linking agent, 6 parts of antioxidant, 5 parts of polyethylene wax and 3 parts of zinc stearate according to parts by weight, putting into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing for 30min, and discharging;
and 8, putting the mixture into a screw extruder, extruding and granulating, controlling the temperature at 140 ℃, and finally preparing a standard sample strip on an injection molding machine.
2. A flame retardant cable according to claim 1, wherein: the oxygen index of the flame-retardant jacket is more than or equal to 38.
3. A flame retardant cable according to claim 1, wherein: the filling is made of flame retardant materials.
CN201910512588.1A 2019-06-13 2019-06-13 Flame-retardant cable Active CN110176329B (en)

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CN111755150A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-09 安徽渡江电缆集团有限公司 Flat type torsion-resistant silicone rubber cable
CN111883308A (en) * 2020-08-04 2020-11-03 安徽环宇电缆集团有限公司 Cable with toughened glass outer layer
CN111883311A (en) * 2020-08-04 2020-11-03 安徽环宇电缆集团有限公司 Fireproof cable with fireproof communication battery cell
CN111883297A (en) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-03 安徽环宇电缆集团有限公司 Cable with electromagnetic wave shielding function
CN112707746B (en) * 2021-03-25 2021-07-16 北京锦绣新技术发展有限公司 Fly ash CO2Preparation method and application of trapping agent

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CN2563714Y (en) * 2002-08-28 2003-07-30 宝胜科技创新股份有限公司 New flame-retardant power cable
CN103854748A (en) * 2012-11-28 2014-06-11 安徽猎塔电缆集团有限公司 Flame-retardant instrument communication cable
CN104327367A (en) * 2014-10-17 2015-02-04 上海至正道化高分子材料股份有限公司 Low-smoke low-halogen flame retardant irradiation crosslinking material for great-section wires and cables
CN108148239A (en) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-12 管莉 A kind of polyethylene sheath material for communication cable
CN206758178U (en) * 2017-04-07 2017-12-15 常州船用电缆有限责任公司 A kind of medium voltage converter cable
CN208077662U (en) * 2018-03-15 2018-11-09 南昌安特电缆有限公司 A kind of extruded insulation fireproof power cable
CN108766657B (en) * 2018-06-02 2019-09-17 云南多宝电缆集团股份有限公司 A kind of anti-interference flame retardant type cable

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Inventor after: Qian Zhirong

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