CN110175732A - The fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment - Google Patents

The fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment Download PDF

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CN110175732A
CN110175732A CN201811238762.XA CN201811238762A CN110175732A CN 110175732 A CN110175732 A CN 110175732A CN 201811238762 A CN201811238762 A CN 201811238762A CN 110175732 A CN110175732 A CN 110175732A
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temperature
cold stress
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clothes
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吴建松
翁文国
韩兆星
付明
康凯倩
胡祝强
任可
郑昕
倪顺江
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Tsinghua University
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Abstract

The present invention provides the fine graded assessment systems of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment, the metabolism rate score for meeting the practical labor intensity of human body and working time save is chosen in the metabolism rate database of foundation, it is chosen in the clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database of foundation in the clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness numerical value substitution system for meeting actual environment, the DIE Temperature that human body changes over time in low temperature cold environment is calculated by the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model of foundation, local skin temperature and mean skin temperature, by from the comparison of different cold stress stage metrics-thresholds, assess the cold stress grade of human body, and then determine that human body is subjected to longest exposure duration, it is more accurate to measure numerical value, it is predictive good, to select jury rig and the cold environment undertissue production strategy of reasonable arrangement appropriate to provide guidance according to cold environment, for China reduces occupational injury and provides theoretical foundation and guidance, reduces personnel's cold stress risk, protection staff life security.

Description

The fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment
Technical field
The invention belongs to public safety technical fields, more particularly, to human body cold stress essence under a kind of low temp operation environment Subfractionation assessment system.
Background technique
All kinds of disaster accidents in China take place frequently in recent years, in winter severe cold period, especially highlands, emergency management and rescue and The operating personnel that speedily carries out rescue work can be exposed to for a long time in the low temperature even cold environment of extreme low temperature, when DIE Temperature and skin temperature are lower than When normal range (NR), life and health and safety will receive larger threat.
A kind of CFD and human thermal response model disclosed in Tsinghua University coupled system and coupling process (application number: And the coupled system and coupling process of perspiration thermal manikin and human thermal response model 201710322997.6) (201710323007.0) Studies of Human Body Heat stress under a kind of hot environment and disclosed in Hefei public safety research institute, Tsinghua University (application number: 201610298458.9), system above and method are used for simulated human tissue and and environment to classified estimation system Between heat-moisture transfer process, assess the heat stress of human body.
These system and method be mainly used for the Studies of Human Body Heat under hot environment stress security evaluation, however severe cold in winter Period, a large amount of emergency management and rescue personnel in China and outdoor study personnel can be chronically exposed to the low temperature even cold environment of extreme low temperature Under, since the physiological reaction of human physiological reaction and high thermal environment servant body under low temperature cold environment is there are larger difference, than The cold-induction vascular contractile response of such as finger and toe, in addition the metabolic rate size of human body, by human motion and cold environment The clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness of air speed influence are also an important factor for influencing the prediction classification of human body cold stress, these factors exist Also not comprehensively it is considered that not therefore being suitable for the fine graded assessment of cold stress in low temperature environment in above system and method.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment, To solve the demand of Human Physiology safe condition Accurate Prediction in cold stress evaluation；By assessing human body cold stress in cold environment Grade is to select jury rig appropriate and the cold environment undertissue production strategy of reasonable arrangement to provide guidance according to cold environment China reduces occupational injury and provides theoretical foundation and guidance, reduces personnel's cold stress risk, protection staff life security.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
The fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment, including body metabolism rate database mould Block, clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module, human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, cold stress classification thresholds mould Block, model data output module and classified estimation output module；
The body metabolism rate database module is simulated different labor intensity experiment by true man under low temperature cold environment, is surveyed Body metabolism rate is measured, body metabolism rate database model is established, the calculating of human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module is provided Used metabolic rate parameter；
The clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module, by using thermal manikin experiment measurement under low temperature cold environment not With the clothes parameter of type work clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness, clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module is established, it is cold to provide human body Stress subregion detailed predicting model calculate the clothes parameter that uses；
The human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, the model is by human body subregion more piece point model and human body Multistage vascular pattern is coupled, and establishes inside of human body heat transfer process and the heat transfer process between environment closes System, the input according to the relevant parameter of human body and environment as model, obtaining output valve is human body DIE Temperature, local skin Temperature and mean skin temperature, wherein human body mean skin temperature is by partes corporis humani position skin temperature weighted calculation；
Human body cold stress is divided into three according to the influence degree of cold Environmental insults by the cold stress classification threshold module A stage: slight cold stress stage, moderate cold stress stage and severe cold stress stage, each stage respectively correspond difference Human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and the mean skin temperature of numerical value, wherein the severe cold stress stage is the frostbite stage；
The model data output module, the model data output module are fine for exporting human body cold stress subregion Human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and the mean skin temperature that prediction model calculates；
The classified estimation output module, the DIE Temperature that model data output module is exported, local skin temperature and The threshold data of human body cold stress different phase carries out pair in mean skin temperature numerical value and cold stress classification threshold module Than obtaining different cold stress stage response grades and exporting.
Further, the establishment process of the body metabolism rate database module includes:
Under low temperature cold environment, simulation different labor intensity and different labor type are tested by true man, utilizes tidal air Body Acquisition Instrument acquires human body and carries out the volume, temperature of the gas of exhalation and the volume fraction of oxygen when labor operation, brings metabolism into Rate calculation formula obtains the metabolic rate that human body slightly descends different labor type in different labor, the metabolic rate number that will be calculated Value is stored, and body metabolism rate database is established, and is provided human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model and is calculated used generation Thank to rate parameter.Wherein, metabolic rate calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, P is atmospheric pressure, unit kPa；PH2OFor the partial pressure of saturated steam, unit kPa； VexFor expiratory air Body volume, unit L；TexFor the temperature of exhaled gas, unit is DEG C；T is acquisition exhaled gas time, unit h；WbFor Subject's weight, unit kg；HbFor subject's height, unit m；FO2The percentage accounted for for oxygen in exhaled gas.
Further, the different labor intensity includes that low labour is slight, middle labour is slight, heavy work intensity and super Heavy work intensity, the different labor type include rest, slight handwork, lasting arm operation, violent body arm work Industry and with full stride aggravating activities.
Further, the clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module measures variety classes work clothes Dynamic Thermal in experiment When the clothes parameter of resistance and dampness, the influence of wind speed and human motion factor need to be considered.
Further, the establishment process of the clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module includes:
The clothes of measurement are worn on thermal manikin under low temperature cold environment, and not by Fan Regulation wind speed simulation Same wind speed environments, thermal manikin are placed on moving track to simulate human motion state, utilize temperature and humidity probe measurement work The temperature and humidity for taking surrounding records the skin of each subregion of thermal manikin by the temperature of temperature sensor measurement garment facing surface Surface temperature；
Clothes static state thermal resistance and dampness are calculated, its calculation formula is:
Wherein, ItIt is clothes static state thermal resistance, DEG C ﹒ m2/W；RetIt is clothes static state dampness, kPa ﹒ m2/W； TairAnd TskinRespectively It is air themperature and thermal manikin skin surface mean temperature in clothes local environment, DEG C.R and C is between clothes and air respectively Heat radiation and heat transfer free convection, W/m2；pskinIt is the saturated vapour pressure on thermal manikin surface, kPa；pairIt is thermal manikin Saturated vapour pressure in local environment, kPa；A is thermal manikin skin surface product, m2；It is thermal manikin sweating rate, leads to Cross experiment front and back it is of poor quality divided by perspire the time obtain, g/s；λ is the latent heat of vaporization of the distilled water under dummy's skin temperature, J/ g；
Clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness are calculated, its calculation formula is:
It,R=It·exp[-0.281·(v-0.15)+0.44·(v-0.15)2-0.492·vw+0.176·vw 2]
Ret,R=Ret·exp[-0.468·(v-0.15)+0.08·(v-0.15)2-0.874·vw+0.358·vw 2]
Wherein It,RAnd ItIt is under the amendment clothing thermal resistance and Stable State Environment for considering human motion and air speed influence respectively Clothing thermal resistance, m2﹒ K/W；；Ret,RAnd RetIt is to consider the dynamic corrections evaporative resistance of clothing of human motion and air speed influence and steady respectively Evaporative resistance of clothing under state environment, Pa ﹒ m2/W；V and vwIt is ambient wind velocity and human motion speed, m/s respectively；
The clothing thermal resistance of calculating and dampness data storage are established into clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database, provide that human body is cold to answer Swash subregion detailed predicting model and calculates used clothes parameter.
Further, the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module establishment process includes:
Human vas is divided into multistage, arteriovenous section is considered as the thin walled cylindrical pipeline with viscoplasticity and inertia Basic computational ele- ment, by solving the Navier Stokes equation that blood pressure and blood flow meet in the unit, can acquire blood pressure and The propagation characteristic of blood flow pulsation, including arteriovenous blood convection transfer rate, blood flow coefficient, blood flow；
Human body is divided into multiple portions according to geometry mechanism, each body part include core layer, muscle layer, artery layer, Vein layer, fat deposit and skin layer are six layers total, and internal heat transfer type is thermally conductive, convection current and blood perfusion, external heat transfer type For convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss, each body part passes through clothes and environment in a manner of convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss Heat exchange is carried out, every layer of subregion of each body part has respective equation of heat balance, acquire by human body multistage vascular pattern Each vascular flow parameter, is then updated to partes corporis humani and divides in each subregion equation of heat balance and solve, and each section can be obtained Each position local skin temperature is weighted including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature and asks flat by the temperature of point Mean skin temperature can be obtained in mean value, realizes the foundation of human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module.
Further, human vas is divided into including main by the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module Blood vessel at 128 sections of arteriovenous and ten fingers and ten toes amounts to 148 sections.
Further, human body is divided into 39 according to geometry mechanism by the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module A part, including head, chest, abdomen, back, waist, left stern, right stern, left upper arm, right upper arm, lower-left arm, bottom right arm, a left side Hand, the right hand, left hand thumb, right hand thumb, left index finger, right hand index finger, left hand middle finger, right hand middle finger, left hand are unknown Finger, right ring finger, left hand little finger, right hand little finger, left thigh, right thigh, left leg, right leg, left foot, right crus of diaphragm, a left side Foot big foot big toe, right crus of diaphragm big foot big toe, two foot big toe of left foot, two foot big toe of right crus of diaphragm, foot nurse toe in left foot, foot nurse toe in right crus of diaphragm, The unknown toe of left foot foot, the unknown toe of right crus of diaphragm foot, left foot bound feet big toe and right crus of diaphragm bound feet big toe.
Further, in the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, every layer of subregion of each body part Equation of heat balance principle is that the variable quantity of total amount of heat is equal to the heat generated and exchanges the sum of heat, different layers area with adjacent layer Heat production mode and heat exchange mode are different, and equation of heat balance form also has different, but principle is identical；
Wherein core layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Muscle layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Fat deposit each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Skin layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Artery layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Vein layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
C in above formulacrIt is core layer thermal capacitance, α value takes 1 to take 0, W to indicate human body acting, Q at other positions in chestresIt indicates Respiratory heat loss amount, h (t) indicate artery blood flow convection transfer rate, hmeanIndicate venous blood flow convection transfer rate, mPerfusion, totalIndicate entry into total blood flow coefficient at the position, AarteryAnd AveinRespectively indicate arteriovenous sectional area, McrTable Show basic metabolism quantity of heat production, MshtvIndicate the increased body metabolism quantity of heat production of ague.cblIndicate blood specific heat, cmusoleIndicate flesh Sarcocyte thermal capacitance, CfatIndicate fat deposit thermal capacitance, CskIndicate skin layer thermal capacitance, hcIndicate skin and extraneous convection transfer rate, hrIndicate radiation heat transfer coefficient, heIndicate evaporation heat transfer coefficient, T∞Indicate mean radiant temperature, TBl, aIndicate artery temperature, TBl, vIndicate vein temperature, P∞Indicate ambient pressure, PskIndicate skin surface vapour pressure, maThis section of artery is indicated entry into always to flow Amount, mvIndicate entry into the total flow of this section of vein.
Further, each vascular flow parameter is acquired by human body multistage vascular pattern, which includes mperfusion,total、h(t)、hmean、ma、mv, then it is updated to partes corporis humani and divides in each subregion equation of heat balance, can be obtained each Each position local skin temperature is weighted and asks including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature by the temperature of a node Mean skin temperature can be obtained in average value.
The fine graded appraisal procedure of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment, comprising the following steps:
(1) the body metabolism rate and variety classes work clothes of experiment measurement different labor intensity and different labor type The clothes parameter of dynamic thermal resistance and dampness establishes body metabolism rate database module and clothes dynamic heat and moisture resistance database respectively Module；
(2) human body subregion more piece point model and human body multistage vascular pattern are coupled, establishes inside of human body heat biography Process and the heat transfer process relationship between environment are passed, according to the relevant parameter of human body and environment as the defeated of model Enter, obtaining output valve is human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and mean skin temperature, wherein human body mean skin temperature Degree is by partes corporis humani position skin temperature weighted calculation；
(3) human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and mean temperature are compared with cold stress classification thresholds, are obtained To the different cold stress stages response grade and export.
Further, cold stress classification thresholds include slight cold stress stage, moderate cold stress rank in the step (3) Section and severe cold stress stage, each stage respectively correspond the human body DIE Temperature of different numerical value, local skin temperature peace Equal skin temperature, wherein the severe cold stress stage is the frostbite stage.
Further, human body subregion more piece point model is that people's body according to geometry mechanism is divided into 39 portions in the step (2) Point, including head, chest, abdomen, back, waist, left stern, right stern, left upper arm, right upper arm, lower-left arm, bottom right arm, left hand, The right hand, left hand thumb, right hand thumb, left index finger, right hand index finger, left hand middle finger, right hand middle finger, left hand are nameless, right The hand third finger, left hand little finger, right hand little finger, left thigh, right thigh, left leg, right leg, left foot, right crus of diaphragm, left foot are big Foot big toe, right crus of diaphragm big foot big toe, two foot big toe of left foot, two foot big toe of right crus of diaphragm, foot nurse toe in left foot, foot nurse toe, left foot in right crus of diaphragm The unknown toe of foot, the unknown toe of right crus of diaphragm foot, left foot bound feet big toe and right crus of diaphragm bound feet big toe.
Further, the human body multistage vascular pattern in the step (2) be include the main 128 sections of arteriovenous of human body Amount to 148 sections of blood vessels with the blood vessel of ten fingers and ten toes.
Further, human body subregion more piece point model includes multiple body parts, each body in the step (2) Divide six layers total including core layer, muscle layer, artery layer, vein layer, fat deposit and skin layer；Internal heat transfer type is to lead Heat, convection current and blood perfusion；External heat transfer type is convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss；Each body part is with convection current, radiation Heat exchange is carried out by clothes and environment with the mode of evaporative heat loss, every layer of subregion of each body part has respective heat flat Weigh equation, acquires each vascular flow parameter by multistage vascular pattern, is then updated to partes corporis humani and divides each subregion thermal balance side It is solved in journey, the temperature of each node can be obtained, including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature, Jiang Gebu Position local skin temperature, which is weighted, averages, and mean skin temperature can be obtained.
Compared with the existing technology, the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment of the present invention It has the advantage that
(1) the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment of the present invention, in the metabolism of foundation It is chosen in rate database and meets practical slight and working time save the metabolism rate score of working of human body, in the clothes Dynamic Thermal of foundation It chooses and meets in the clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness numerical value substitution system of actual environment in dampness database, pass through the people of foundation Body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model calculates DIE Temperature, the local skin that human body changes over time in low temperature cold environment Temperature and mean skin temperature, by from the comparison of different cold stress stage metrics-thresholds, assess the cold stress etc. of human body Grade, and then determine that human body is subjected to longest exposure duration, measurement numerical value is more accurate, predictive good.
(2) the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment of the present invention, solves cold stress The demand of Human Physiology safe condition Accurate Prediction in evaluation；By assessing human body cold stress grade in cold environment, for according to cold Environment selects the cold environment undertissue production strategy of jury rig and reasonable arrangement appropriate to provide guidance, reduces occupation for China Damage provides theoretical foundation and guidance, reduces personnel's cold stress risk, protection staff life security.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention is schematic Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the fine graded assessment system signal of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment described in the embodiment of the present invention Figure；
Fig. 2 is inside of human body heat transfer process and the heat transfer between environment described in the embodiment of the present invention Procedure relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 (a) is M=130W/m described in the embodiment of the present invention2When model calculate output acceptable longest exposure when Between with ISO11079 predicted value comparison diagram；
Fig. 3 (b) is M=230W/m described in the embodiment of the present invention2When model calculate output acceptable longest exposure when Between with ISO11079 predicted value comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase Mutually combination.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower", The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" To be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than indicate or It implies that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore cannot understand For limitation of the present invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are used for description purposes only, and it should not be understood as instruction or dark Show relative importance or implicitly indicates the quantity of indicated technical characteristic." first ", " second " etc. are defined as a result, Feature can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise saying Bright, the meaning of " plurality " is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integrally connect It connects；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected；Can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary, It can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, on being understood by concrete condition State the concrete meaning of term in the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The present invention provides the fine graded assessment systems of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment, including human body generation It thanks to rate database module, clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module, human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, cold answer Swash classification thresholds module, model data output module and classified estimation output module；
The body metabolism rate database module is simulated different labor intensity experiment by true man under low temperature cold environment, is surveyed Body metabolism rate is measured, body metabolism rate database model is established, the calculating of human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module is provided Used metabolic rate parameter；
The clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module, by using thermal manikin experiment measurement under low temperature cold environment not With the clothes parameter of type work clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness, clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module is established, it is cold to provide human body Stress subregion detailed predicting model calculate the clothes parameter that uses；
The human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, the model is by human body subregion more piece point model and human body Multistage vascular pattern is coupled, and establishes inside of human body heat transfer process and the heat transfer process between environment closes System, the input according to the relevant parameter of human body and environment as model, obtaining output valve is human body DIE Temperature, local skin Temperature and mean skin temperature, wherein human body mean skin temperature is by partes corporis humani position skin temperature weighted calculation；
Human body cold stress is divided into three according to the influence degree of cold Environmental insults by the cold stress classification threshold module A stage: slight cold stress stage, moderate cold stress stage and severe cold stress stage, each stage respectively correspond difference Human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and the mean skin temperature of numerical value, wherein the severe cold stress stage is the frostbite stage；
The model data output module, the model data output module are fine for exporting human body cold stress subregion Human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and the mean skin temperature that prediction model calculates；
The classified estimation output module, the DIE Temperature that model data output module is exported, local skin temperature and The threshold data of human body cold stress different phase carries out pair in mean skin temperature numerical value and cold stress classification threshold module Than obtaining different cold stress stage response grades and exporting.
The establishment process of the body metabolism rate database module includes:
Under low temperature cold environment, simulation different labor intensity and different labor type are tested by true man, utilizes tidal air Body Acquisition Instrument acquires human body and carries out the volume, temperature of the gas of exhalation and the volume fraction of oxygen when labor operation, brings metabolism into Rate calculation formula obtains the metabolic rate that human body slightly descends different labor type in different labor, the metabolic rate number that will be calculated Value is stored, and body metabolism rate database is established, and is provided human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model and is calculated used generation Thank to rate parameter.Wherein, metabolic rate calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, P is atmospheric pressure, unit kPa；PH2OFor the partial pressure of saturated steam, unit kPa； VexFor expiratory air Body volume, unit L；TexFor the temperature of exhaled gas, unit is DEG C；T is acquisition exhaled gas time, unit h；WbFor Subject's weight, unit kg；HbFor subject's height, unit m；FO2The percentage accounted for for oxygen in exhaled gas.
The different labor intensity includes that low labour is slight, middle labour is slight, heavy work intensity and overweight labour are strong Degree, the different labor type include rest, slight handwork, lasting arm operation, violent body arm operation and with Full stride aggravating activities.
The present invention tests simulation different labor intensity and different labor type by true man, establishes and meets Chinese The body metabolism rate database of kind constitution not only can quickly provide accurately for human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model It is metabolized rate score, can also be assessed for the human body stress reaction of other extreme environments and accurate metabolism rate score is provided.
The clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module is in experiment measurement variety classes work clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness When clothes parameter, the influence of wind speed and human motion factor need to be considered.
The establishment process of the clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module includes:
The clothes of measurement are worn on thermal manikin under low temperature cold environment, and not by Fan Regulation wind speed simulation Same wind speed environments, thermal manikin are placed on moving track to simulate human motion state, utilize temperature and humidity probe measurement work The temperature and humidity for taking surrounding records the skin of each subregion of thermal manikin by the temperature of temperature sensor measurement garment facing surface Surface temperature；
Clothes static state thermal resistance and dampness are calculated, its calculation formula is:
Wherein, ItIt is clothes static state thermal resistance, DEG C ﹒ m2/W；RetIt is clothes static state dampness, kPa ﹒ m2/W； TairAnd TskinRespectively It is air themperature and thermal manikin skin surface mean temperature in clothes local environment, DEG C.R and C is between clothes and air respectively Heat radiation and heat transfer free convection, W/m2；pskinIt is the saturated vapour pressure on thermal manikin surface, kPa；pairIt is thermal manikin Saturated vapour pressure in local environment, kPa；A is thermal manikin skin surface product, m2；It is thermal manikin sweating rate, leads to Cross experiment front and back it is of poor quality divided by perspire the time obtain, g/s；λ is the latent heat of vaporization of the distilled water under dummy's skin temperature, J/ g；
Clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness are calculated, its calculation formula is:
It,R=It·exp[-0.281·(v-0.15)+0.44·(v-0.15)2-0.492·vw+0.176·vw 2]
Ret,R=Ret·exp[-0.468·(v-0.15)+0.08·(v-0.15)2-0.874·vw+0.358·vw 2]
Wherein It,RAnd ItIt is under the amendment clothing thermal resistance and Stable State Environment for considering human motion and air speed influence respectively Clothing thermal resistance, m2﹒ K/W；；Ret,RAnd RetIt is to consider the dynamic corrections evaporative resistance of clothing of human motion and air speed influence and steady respectively Evaporative resistance of clothing under state environment, Pa ﹒ m2/W；V and vwIt is ambient wind velocity and human motion speed, m/s respectively；M is metabolism Rate, W/m2；
The clothing thermal resistance of calculating and dampness data storage are established into clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database, provide that human body is cold to answer Swash subregion detailed predicting model and calculates used clothes parameter.
The present invention is tested by thermal manikin, is considered the influence of human motion and ambient wind velocity, is established clothes Dynamic Thermal Dampness database, not only can for human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model quickly provide accurate clothes dynamic thermal resistance and Dampness numerical value can also be assessed for the human body stress reaction of other extreme environments and provide accurate clothes dynamic thermal resistance and wet Hinder numerical value.
The human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module establishment process includes:
Human vas is divided into multistage, characteristic impedance and propagation constant are considered as tool in transmission line model, by arteriovenous section There is the basic computational ele- ment of the thin walled cylindrical pipeline of viscoplasticity and inertia, is met by solving blood pressure and blood flow in the unit Navier Stokes equation, the propagation characteristic of blood pressure and blood flow pulsation, including arteriovenous blood heat convection system can be acquired Number, blood flow coefficient, blood flow；
Human body is divided into multiple portions according to geometry mechanism, each body part include core layer, muscle layer, artery layer, Vein layer, fat deposit and skin layer are six layers total, and internal heat transfer type is thermally conductive, convection current and blood perfusion, external heat transfer type For convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss, each body part passes through clothes and environment in a manner of convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss Heat exchange is carried out, every layer of subregion of each body part has respective equation of heat balance, acquire by human body multistage vascular pattern Each vascular flow parameter, is then updated to partes corporis humani and divides in each subregion equation of heat balance and solve, and each section can be obtained Each position local skin temperature is weighted including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature and asks flat by the temperature of point Mean skin temperature can be obtained in mean value, realizes the foundation of human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module.
Human vas is divided into including main 128 sections of sound by the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module Arteries and veins (such as facial artery, arteria carotis communis, venae brachiocephalicae, lung arteriovenous, ruler arteriovenous and other arteriovenous) He Shigen finger And the blood vessel at ten toes, amount to 148 sections.
Human body is divided into 39 parts according to geometry mechanism by the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, packet Include head, chest, abdomen, back, waist, left stern, right stern, left upper arm, right upper arm, lower-left arm, bottom right arm, left hand, the right hand, Left hand thumb, right hand thumb, left index finger, right hand index finger, left hand middle finger, right hand middle finger, left hand be nameless, the right hand without Name refer to, left hand little finger, right hand little finger, left thigh, right thigh, left leg, right leg, left foot, right crus of diaphragm, left foot big foot thumb Toe, right crus of diaphragm big foot big toe, two foot big toe of left foot, two foot big toe of right crus of diaphragm, foot nurse toe in left foot, foot nurse toe, left foot foot in right crus of diaphragm Unknown toe, the unknown toe of right crus of diaphragm foot, left foot bound feet big toe and right crus of diaphragm bound feet big toe.
In the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, the thermal balance side of each every layer of subregion of body part Cheng Yuanli is that the variable quantity of total amount of heat is equal to the heat generated and exchanges the sum of heat with adjacent layer, different layers area heat production mode And heat exchange mode is different, equation of heat balance form also has different, but principle is identical；
Wherein core layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Muscle layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Fat deposit each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Skin layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Artery layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Vein layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
C in above formulacrIt is core layer thermal capacitance, α value takes 1 to take 0, W to indicate human body acting, Q at other positions in chestresIt indicates Respiratory heat loss amount, h (t) indicate artery blood flow convection transfer rate, hmeanIndicate venous blood flow convection transfer rate, mPerfuston, cocalIndicate entry into total blood flow coefficient at the position, AarceryAnd AveinRespectively indicate arteriovenous sectional area, McrTable Show basic metabolism quantity of heat production, MshtvIndicate the increased body metabolism quantity of heat production of ague.cblIndicate blood specific heat, CmuscteIndicate flesh Sarcocyte thermal capacitance, CfatIndicate fat deposit thermal capacitance, CskIndicate skin layer thermal capacitance, hcIndicate skin and extraneous convection transfer rate, hrIndicate radiation
The coefficient of heat transfer, heIndicate evaporation heat transfer coefficient, T∞Indicate mean radiant temperature, TBt, aIndicate artery temperature, TBl, v Indicate vein temperature, P∞Indicate ambient pressure, PskIndicate skin surface vapour pressure, maIndicate entry into this section of artery total flow, mv Indicate entry into the total flow of this section of vein.
Each vascular flow parameter is acquired by human body multistage vascular pattern, which includes mperfusion,total、h(t)、hmean、ma、mv, then it is updated to partes corporis humani and divides in each subregion equation of heat balance, can be obtained each Each position local skin temperature is weighted and asks including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature by the temperature of a node Mean skin temperature can be obtained in average value.
The fine graded appraisal procedure of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment, comprising the following steps:
(1) the body metabolism rate and variety classes work clothes of experiment measurement different labor intensity and different labor type The clothes parameter of dynamic thermal resistance and dampness establishes body metabolism rate database module and clothes dynamic heat and moisture resistance database respectively Module；
(2) human body subregion more piece point model and human body multistage vascular pattern are coupled, establishes inside of human body heat biography Process and the heat transfer process relationship between environment are passed, according to the relevant parameter of human body and environment as the defeated of model Enter, obtaining output valve is human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and mean skin temperature, wherein human body mean skin temperature Degree is by partes corporis humani position skin temperature weighted calculation；
(3) human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and mean temperature are compared with cold stress classification thresholds, are obtained To the different cold stress stages response grade and export.
Cold stress classification thresholds include that slight cold stress stage, moderate cold stress stage and severe are cold in the step (3) Stress stage, each stage respectively correspond human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and the mean skin temperature of different numerical value Degree, wherein the severe cold stress stage is the frostbite stage.
Human body subregion more piece point model is divided into 39 parts, including head according to geometry mechanism for people's body in the step (2) Portion, chest, abdomen, back, waist, left stern, right stern, left upper arm, right upper arm, lower-left arm, bottom right arm, left hand, the right hand, left hand Thumb, right hand thumb, left index finger, right hand index finger, left hand middle finger, right hand middle finger, the left hand third finger, right ring finger, Left hand little finger, right hand little finger, left thigh, right thigh, left leg, right leg, left foot, right crus of diaphragm, left foot big foot big toe, the right side Foot big foot big toe, two foot big toe of left foot, two foot big toe of right crus of diaphragm, foot nurse toe in left foot, foot nurse toe in right crus of diaphragm, the unknown toe of left foot foot, The unknown toe of right crus of diaphragm foot, left foot bound feet big toe and right crus of diaphragm bound feet big toe.
Human body multistage vascular pattern in the step (2) be include the main 128 sections of arteriovenous of human body and ten fingers And the blood vessel of ten toes amounts to 148 sections of blood vessels.
Human body subregion more piece point model includes multiple body parts in the step (2), and each body part includes core Layer, muscle layer, artery layer, vein layer, fat deposit and skin layer are six layers total；Internal heat transfer type is thermally conductive, convection current and blood Infusate flow；External heat transfer type is convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss；Each body part is with convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss Mode carries out heat exchange by clothes and environment, and every layer of subregion of each body part has respective equation of heat balance, by more Section vascular pattern acquires each vascular flow parameter, is then updated to partes corporis humani and divides in each subregion equation of heat balance and solves, The temperature that each node can be obtained, including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature, by each position local skin temperature Degree, which is weighted, averages, and mean skin temperature can be obtained.
The different physical endurances values such as cold stress stage mean skin temperature and finger temperature are as follows in cold stress threshold module Shown in table 1:
1 human body cold stress metrics-thresholds of table
According to the threshold comparison of human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and mean skin temperature as a result, being commented by classification Output module output classified estimation is estimated as a result, the different grades of cold stress of personnel is horizontal under prediction low temperature cold environment, to ensure work The health and safety situation for making personnel provides technical support.
The standard value of longest exposure duration is subjected to using each metrics-thresholds of moderate cold stress as human body, when each index value When reaching the threshold value of moderate cold stress, the time experienced is that human body is subjected to longest exposure duration, model output of the present invention Varying environment at a temperature of operating personnel's labor intensity difference when human body be subjected to the pre- of longest exposure duration value and ISO11079 Fig. 3 is shown in measured value comparison, as seen from Figure 3, the acceptable longest exposure duration predicted value of model of the present invention and ISO11079's Predicted value is closer to, and has good predictability, and lower than exposure duration numerical value, the safety for operating personnel Property it is higher, and the present invention by true man test obtain metabolic rate data so that the present invention for Chinese's constitution have more High reliability.
The present invention chooses in the metabolism rate database of foundation meets practical slight and working time save the metabolism of working of human body Rate score chooses the clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness number for meeting actual environment in the clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database of foundation It is worth in substitution system, human body is calculated in low temperature cold environment at any time by the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model of foundation Between the DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and the mean skin temperature that change, by from different cold stress stage metrics-thresholds The cold stress grade of human body is assessed in comparison, and then determines that human body is subjected to longest exposure duration.The present invention solves cold stress The demand of Human Physiology safe condition Accurate Prediction in evaluation；By assessing human body cold stress grade in cold environment, for according to cold Environment selects the cold environment undertissue production strategy of jury rig and reasonable arrangement appropriate to provide guidance, reduces occupation for China Damage provides theoretical foundation and guidance, reduces personnel's cold stress risk.
Present invention adds the calculating of the vascular pattern of ten fingers and ten toes, realize the prison to easy frostbite position It surveys, more accurately protects the health of low-temperature working personnel.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment, it is characterised in that: including body metabolism rate Database module, clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module, human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, cold stress classification Threshold module, model data output module and classified estimation output module；
The body metabolism rate database module simulates different labor intensity experiment by true man under low temperature cold environment, measures people Body metabolic rate establishes body metabolism rate database model, and providing the calculating of human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module is made Metabolic rate parameter；
The clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module, by using thermal manikin experiment measurement variety classes under low temperature cold environment The clothes parameter of work clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness establishes clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module, provides human body cold stress point Area's detailed predicting model calculates the clothes parameter used；
The human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, the model is by human body subregion more piece point model and human body multistage blood Tube model is coupled, and inside of human body heat transfer process and the heat transfer process relationship between environment are established, according to Input of the relevant parameter of human body and environment as model, obtain output valve be human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and Mean skin temperature, wherein human body mean skin temperature is by partes corporis humani position skin temperature weighted calculation；
Human body cold stress is divided into three ranks according to the influence degree of cold Environmental insults by the cold stress classification threshold module Section: slight cold stress stage, moderate cold stress stage and severe cold stress stage, each stage respectively correspond different numerical value Human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and mean skin temperature, wherein the severe cold stress stage is the frostbite stage；
The model data output module, the model data output module is for exporting human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting mould Human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and the mean skin temperature that type calculates；
The classified estimation output module, the DIE Temperature that model data output module is exported, local skin temperature and average Skin temperature numerical value and the threshold data of human body cold stress different phase in cold stress classification threshold module compare, and obtain To different cold stress stage response grades and export.
2. the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The establishment process of the body metabolism rate database module includes:
Under low temperature cold environment, simulation different labor intensity and different labor type are tested by true man, is adopted using breathing gas Collect instrument acquisition human body and carry out the volume, temperature of the gas of exhalation and the volume fraction of oxygen when labor operation, brings metabolic rate meter into Calculate formula, obtain the metabolic rate that human body slightly descends different labor type in different labor, by the metabolism rate score being calculated into Row storage, establishes body metabolism rate database, provides human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model and calculates used metabolic rate Parameter.Wherein, metabolic rate calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, P is atmospheric pressure, unit kPa；PH2OFor the partial pressure of saturated steam, unit kPa；VexFor exhaled gas body Product, unit L；TexFor the temperature of exhaled gas, unit is DEG C；T is acquisition exhaled gas time, unit h；WbFor the experimenter Member's weight, unit kg；HbFor subject's height, unit m；FO2The percentage accounted for for oxygen in exhaled gas.
3. the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Clothes parameter of the clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module in experiment measurement variety classes work clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness When, it need to consider the influence of wind speed and human motion factor；
The establishment process of the clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database module includes:
The clothes of measurement are worn on thermal manikin under low temperature cold environment, and the wind different by Fan Regulation wind speed simulation Thermal manikin is placed on moving track to simulate human motion state, utilizes temperature and humidity probe measurement work clothes week by fast environment The temperature and humidity enclosed records the skin surface temperature of each subregion of thermal manikin by the temperature of temperature sensor measurement garment facing surface Degree；
Clothes static state thermal resistance and dampness are calculated, its calculation formula is:
Wherein, ItIt is clothes static state thermal resistance, DEG C ﹒ m2/W；RetIt is clothes static state dampness, kPa ﹒ m2/W；TairAnd TskinIt is clothes respectively Air themperature and thermal manikin skin surface mean temperature in local environment are filled, DEG C.R and C is the heat between clothes and air respectively Radiation and heat transfer free convection, W/m2；pskinIt is the saturated vapour pressure on thermal manikin surface, kPa；pairIt is ring locating for thermal manikin Saturated vapour pressure in border, kPa；A is thermal manikin skin surface product, m2；It is thermal manikin sweating rate, passes through experiment Front and back is of poor quality to be obtained divided by the time of perspiring, g/s；λ is the latent heat of vaporization of the distilled water under dummy's skin temperature, J/g；
Clothes dynamic thermal resistance and dampness are calculated, its calculation formula is:
It,R=It·exp[-0.281·(v-0.15)+0.44·(v-0.15)2-0.492·vw+0.176·vw 2]
Ret,R=Ret·exp[-0.468·(v-0.15)+0.08·(v-0.15)2-0.874·vw+0.358·vw 2]
Wherein It,RAnd ItIt is the clothes heat under the amendment clothing thermal resistance and Stable State Environment for considering human motion and air speed influence respectively Resistance, m2﹒ K/W；；Ret,RAnd RetIt is under the dynamic corrections evaporative resistance of clothing and Stable State Environment for considering human motion and air speed influence respectively Evaporative resistance of clothing, Pa ﹒ m2/W；V and vwIt is ambient wind velocity and human motion speed, m/s respectively；
The clothing thermal resistance of calculating and dampness data storage are established into clothes Dynamic Thermal dampness database, human body cold stress subregion is provided Detailed predicting model calculates used clothes parameter.
4. the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module establishment process includes:
Human vas is divided into multistage, arteriovenous section is considered as to the basic meter of the thin walled cylindrical pipeline with viscoplasticity and inertia Unit is calculated, by solving the Navier Stokes equation that blood pressure and blood flow meet in the unit, blood pressure and blood flow pulsation can be acquired Propagation characteristic, including arteriovenous blood convection transfer rate, blood flow coefficient, blood flow；
Human body is divided into multiple portions according to geometry mechanism, each body part includes core layer, muscle layer, artery layer, vein Layer, fat deposit and skin layer are six layers total, and internal heat transfer type is thermally conductive, convection current and blood perfusion, and external heat transfer type is pair Stream, radiation and evaporative heat loss, each body part carry out heat by clothes and environment in a manner of convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss Exchange, every layer of subregion of each body part have respective equation of heat balance, acquire each blood vessel by human body multistage vascular pattern Blood flow parameter, is then updated to partes corporis humani and divides in each subregion equation of heat balance and solve, and the temperature of each node can be obtained Degree, including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature, each position local skin temperature is weighted and is averaged Mean skin temperature is obtained, realizes the foundation of human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module.
5. the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Human vas is divided into including main 128 sections of arteriovenous and ten hands by the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module Blood vessel at finger and ten toes amounts to 148 sections.
6. the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Human body is divided into 39 parts, including head, chest according to geometry mechanism by the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module Portion, abdomen, back, waist, left stern, right stern, left upper arm, right upper arm, lower-left arm, bottom right arm, left hand, the right hand, left hand thumb, Right hand thumb, left index finger, right hand index finger, left hand middle finger, right hand middle finger, the left hand third finger, right ring finger, the small thumb of left hand Finger, right hand little finger, left thigh, right thigh, left leg, right leg, left foot, right crus of diaphragm, left foot big foot big toe, right crus of diaphragm big foot thumb Toe, two foot big toe of left foot, two foot big toe of right crus of diaphragm, foot nurse toe in left foot, foot nurse toe in right crus of diaphragm, the unknown toe of left foot foot, right crus of diaphragm foot without Name toe, left foot bound feet big toe and right crus of diaphragm bound feet big toe.
7. the fine graded assessment system of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: In the human body cold stress subregion detailed predicting model module, the equation of heat balance principle of every layer of subregion of each body part is total The variable quantity of heat is equal to the heat generated and exchanges the sum of heat with adjacent layer, and different layers area heat production mode and heat exchange mode are not Together, equation of heat balance form also has different, but principle is identical；
Wherein core layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Muscle layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Fat deposit each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Skin layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Artery layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
Vein layer each section human body equation of heat balance are as follows:
C in above formulacrIt is core layer thermal capacitance, α value takes 1 to take 0, W to indicate human body acting, Q at other positions in chestresIndicate breathing Heat dissipation capacity, h (t) indicate artery blood flow convection transfer rate, hmeanIndicate venous blood flow convection transfer rate, mPerfurion, total Indicate entry into total blood flow coefficient at the position, AarteryAnd AvetnRespectively indicate arteriovenous sectional area, McrIndicate that basic metabolism produces Heat, MshtvIndicate the increased body metabolism quantity of heat production of ague.cblIndicate blood specific heat, CmuscleIndicate muscle layer thermal capacitance, Cfat Indicate fat deposit thermal capacitance, CgkIndicate skin layer thermal capacitance, hcIndicate skin and extraneous convection transfer rate, hrIndicate radiation heat transfer Coefficient, heIndicate evaporation heat transfer coefficient, T∝Indicate mean radiant temperature, TBl, aIndicate artery temperature, TBt, vIndicate vein temperature, P∝Indicate ambient pressure, PskIndicate skin surface vapour pressure, maIndicate entry into this section of artery total flow, mvIndicate entry into the Duan Jing The total flow of arteries and veins；
Each vascular flow parameter is acquired by human body multistage vascular pattern, which includes mperfusion,total、h (t)、hmean、ma、mv, it is then updated to partes corporis humani and divides in each subregion equation of heat balance, the temperature of each node can be obtained, Including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature, each position local skin temperature is weighted and is averaged, can be obtained To mean skin temperature.
8. the fine graded appraisal procedure of human body cold stress under a kind of low temp operation environment, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) the body metabolism rate and variety classes work clothes Dynamic Thermal of experiment measurement different labor intensity and different labor type The clothes parameter of resistance and dampness establishes body metabolism rate database module and clothes dynamic heat and moisture resistance database module respectively；
(2) human body subregion more piece point model and human body multistage vascular pattern are coupled, establishes inside of human body heat transfer mistake Journey and the heat transfer process relationship between environment, the input according to the relevant parameter of human body and environment as model, obtain It is human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and mean skin temperature to output valve, wherein human body mean skin temperature is by people Each area skin temperature weighted of body calculates；
(3) human body DIE Temperature, local skin temperature and mean temperature are compared with cold stress classification thresholds, obtain difference The response grade in cold stress stage simultaneously exports.
9. the fine graded appraisal procedure of human body cold stress under low temp operation environment according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: Human body subregion more piece point model includes multiple body parts in the step (2), and each body part includes core layer, muscle Layer, artery layer, vein layer, fat deposit and skin layer are six layers total；Internal heat transfer type is thermally conductive, convection current and blood perfusion； External heat transfer type is convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss；Each body part is passed through in a manner of convection current, radiation and evaporative heat loss Clothes and environment carry out heat exchange, and every layer of subregion of each body part has respective equation of heat balance, pass through multistage blood vessel mould Type acquires each vascular flow parameter, is then updated to partes corporis humani and divides in each subregion equation of heat balance and solves, and can be obtained Each position local skin temperature is weighted by the temperature of each node including DIE Temperature and local skin temperature It averages, mean skin temperature can be obtained.
10. the fine graded appraisal procedure of human body cold stress, feature exist under low temp operation environment according to claim 8 In: human body subregion more piece point model is divided into 39 parts, including head, chest according to geometry mechanism for people's body in the step (2) Portion, abdomen, back, waist, left stern, right stern, left upper arm, right upper arm, lower-left arm, bottom right arm, left hand, the right hand, left hand thumb, Right hand thumb, left index finger, right hand index finger, left hand middle finger, right hand middle finger, the left hand third finger, right ring finger, the small thumb of left hand Finger, right hand little finger, left thigh, right thigh, left leg, right leg, left foot, right crus of diaphragm, left foot big foot big toe, right crus of diaphragm big foot thumb Toe, two foot big toe of left foot, two foot big toe of right crus of diaphragm, foot nurse toe in left foot, foot nurse toe in right crus of diaphragm, the unknown toe of left foot foot, right crus of diaphragm foot without Name toe, left foot bound feet big toe and right crus of diaphragm bound feet big toe；
Human body multistage vascular pattern in the step (2) be include the main 128 sections of arteriovenous of human body and ten fingers and ten The blood vessel of root toe amounts to 148 sections of blood vessels.
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CN114564843B (en) * 2022-03-02 2024-04-05 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院 Motion personnel thermal reaction simulation computing system under low-temperature environment
CN115717909A (en) * 2022-11-17 2023-02-28 复旦大学 Intelligent health monitoring method and equipment for heat injury occupational hazards and storage medium
CN115717909B (en) * 2022-11-17 2023-06-13 复旦大学 Health intelligent monitoring method, equipment and storage medium for heat injury occupational hazard
CN116910482A (en) * 2023-08-08 2023-10-20 雅莹集团股份有限公司 Method and system for predicting cold-proof temperature of down jacket
CN116910482B (en) * 2023-08-08 2024-05-28 雅莹集团股份有限公司 Method and system for predicting cold-proof temperature of down jacket

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