CN110175408A - Air flue design method is rotated into three-dimensional with boundary-layer isolation aerial drainage - Google Patents
Air flue design method is rotated into three-dimensional with boundary-layer isolation aerial drainage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道设计方法，所述方法包括以下步骤，(1)生成三维内转进气道；(2)选取隔离泄流截面的位置并计算该截面内三维内转进气道附面层的位移厚度；(3)根据步骤(2)中得到的三维内转进气道附面层的位移厚度，设计隔离泄流装置；(4)以步骤(3)中得到的隔离泄流装置主流进口,等直向后拉伸得到泄流装置隔离段，最终获得完整的带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道。本发明在保持三维内转进气道优点的同时，采用隔离泄流法排出附面层低速低能气流，从而拓宽三维内转进气道的工作马赫数范围。
The invention discloses a design method for a three-dimensional inward turning inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage. The method includes the following steps: (1) generating a three-dimensional inner turning inlet; (2) selecting the isolated leakage cross section position and calculate the displacement thickness of the three-dimensional inner turning inlet boundary layer in the section; (3) design the isolation discharge device according to the displacement thickness of the three-dimensional inner turning inlet boundary layer obtained in step (2); 4) Using the main flow inlet of the isolation discharge device obtained in step (3), stretch it isometrically and backward to obtain the isolation section of the discharge device, and finally obtain a complete three-dimensional internal turning inlet with a boundary layer isolation discharge. While maintaining the advantages of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet, the invention adopts the isolation discharge method to discharge the low-speed and low-energy airflow in the boundary layer, thereby widening the working Mach number range of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及三维内转进气道附面层泄流技术领域，具体涉及一种带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道设计方法。The invention relates to the technical field of boundary layer leakage of a three-dimensional internal turning inlet, in particular to a design method for a three-dimensional inner turning inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage.
背景技术Background technique
高超声速飞行器的设计与验证是目前各航空强国竞相争夺的战略制高点，是空间技术研究的焦点之一。世界强国都在大力推进各自的高超声速飞行研制计划。The design and verification of hypersonic vehicles is the strategic commanding height that all aviation powers are competing for, and it is one of the focuses of space technology research. Powerful countries in the world are vigorously promoting their own hypersonic flight development programs.
实现高超声速飞行的关键是吸气式推进系统的研究，而该系统的核心技术是超燃冲压发动机关键技术。进气道位于超燃冲压发动机的最前部，起着压缩来流，为下游提供尽可能多高能气流的作用。基于以上原因，国内外学者提出了一系列进气道的压缩形式，主要包括：二元进气道、轴对称进气道、侧压进气道，并就它们的设计方法、流动特征和工作特性开展了大量研究。The key to realizing hypersonic flight is the research on air-breathing propulsion system, and the core technology of this system is the key technology of scramjet engine. The intake port is located at the very front of the scramjet engine, which compresses the incoming flow and provides as much high-energy airflow as possible for the downstream. Based on the above reasons, scholars at home and abroad have proposed a series of compression forms of inlets, mainly including: binary inlets, axisymmetric inlets, and lateral pressure inlets, and discussed their design methods, flow characteristics and working conditions. characteristics have been extensively studied.
此外，三维内转进气道由于具有较高的流量捕获系数与优良的气动性能受到国内外学者的广泛关注与研究。美国约翰霍普金斯大学Billig等提出的流线追踪Busemann进气道[1],美国Astrox公司的Ajay等提出的Funnel进气道[2],美国航天宇航研究中心的Smart等提出的将矩形进口转为椭圆形出口[3]的三维内转进气道等。在国内，尤延铖等提出了一种被称为内乘波式的三维内转进气道设计方法。虽然此类进气道在气动性能方面具有一定的优势，但高的流量捕获能力同时会增加低马赫数起动的负担，对高超声速飞行器的工作速域产生极大的影响。因此，研究如何拓宽三维内转进气道的工作范围，降低三维内转进气道的起动马赫数，对此类进气道的发展具有极其重要的意义。In addition, the three-dimensional inward turning inlet has been widely concerned and studied by scholars at home and abroad because of its high flow capture coefficient and excellent aerodynamic performance. The streamline tracing Busemann inlet [1] proposed by Johns Hopkins University Billig et al., the Funnel inlet [2] proposed by Ajay et al. The import turns into the three-dimensional internal turning air duct etc. of ellipse outlet [3]. In China, You Yancheng et al. proposed a three-dimensional inward turning inlet design method called the inner waveriding method. Although this type of inlet has certain advantages in terms of aerodynamic performance, the high flow capture capacity will also increase the burden of starting at low Mach numbers, which will have a great impact on the operating speed range of hypersonic vehicles. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to widen the working range of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet and reduce the starting Mach number of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet for the development of this type of inlet.
为拓宽三维内转进气道的工作范围，降低其起动马赫数，目前国内外学者采用的包括变几何法与定几何条件的流动控制这两类。变几何法是根据来流马赫数对进气道压缩型面进行调整，以此调整进气道内收缩比。此方法在结构简单的二元进气道领域应用较广，但由于三维内转进气道型面过于复杂，此方法并不能有效的提高进气道的起动能力。In order to broaden the working range of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet and reduce its starting Mach number, scholars at home and abroad currently use two types of flow control, including the variable geometry method and the flow control with fixed geometric conditions. The variable geometry method is to adjust the compression profile of the intake port according to the Mach number of the incoming flow, so as to adjust the shrinkage ratio in the intake port. This method is widely used in the field of binary inlets with a simple structure, but because the three-dimensional inward turning inlet profile is too complex, this method cannot effectively improve the starting ability of the inlet.
定几何条件下的流动控制，比较常见的是附面层抽吸泄流。以期在低马赫数工况下能够排除进气道内的低速低能流，从而实现进气道在低马赫数下的正常。然而，抽吸泄流存在一个显著问题：由于泄流口的存在，三维内转进气道内将会额外产生泄流激波，导致气流损失增大，此外该激波与附面层相互作用有可能引起额外的附面层分离，引入新的不起动因素。由此可见，提供有效的附面层泄流技术对提高三维内转进气道的起动能力从而拓宽超燃冲压发动机的工作范围具有重要意义。For flow control under fixed geometric conditions, the more common one is the suction and discharge of the boundary layer. It is expected that the low-speed and low-energy flow in the intake port can be eliminated under low Mach number conditions, so as to realize the normal operation of the intake port at low Mach number. However, there is a significant problem in the suction leakage: due to the existence of the leakage port, an additional leakage shock wave will be generated in the three-dimensional inward turning inlet, resulting in increased airflow loss. In addition, the shock wave interacts with the boundary layer. May cause additional boundary layer separation and introduce new non-starting factors. It can be seen that providing effective boundary layer leakage technology is of great significance to improve the starting ability of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet and thus broaden the working range of the scramjet engine.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的问题是：提供一种带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道设计方法，在保持三维内转进气道优点的同时，采用隔离泄流法排出附面层低速低能气流，从而拓宽三维内转进气道的工作马赫数范围。The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a design method for a three-dimensional inward turning inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage, while maintaining the advantages of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet, the isolation leakage method is used to discharge the boundary layer at low speed. Low-energy airflow, thereby broadening the working Mach number range of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet.
本发明为解决上述问题所提供的技术方案为：一种带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道设计方法，所述方法包括以下步骤，The technical solution provided by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is: a method for designing a three-dimensional internal turning inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage, and the method includes the following steps,
(1)生成三维内转进气道；(1) Generate a three-dimensional inward turning inlet;
(2)选取隔离泄流截面的位置并计算该截面内三维内转进气道附面层的位移厚度；(2) Select the location of the isolated discharge section and calculate the displacement thickness of the three-dimensional inner turning inlet boundary layer in the section;
(3)根据步骤(2)中得到的三维内转进气道附面层的位移厚度，设计隔离泄流装置；(3) design the isolation discharge device according to the displacement thickness of the three-dimensional inner transition inlet boundary layer obtained in step (2);
(4)以步骤(3)中得到的隔离泄流装置主流进口,等直向后拉伸得到泄流装置隔离段，最终获得完整的带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道。(4) Take the main inlet of the isolation discharge device obtained in step (3), and stretch it straight and backward to obtain the isolation section of the discharge device, and finally obtain a complete three-dimensional internal turning inlet with a boundary layer isolation discharge.
优选的，所述步骤(1)中将三维内转进气道肩部型线的正向形状设计为圆形，在轴对称内收缩流场中进行流线追踪，将所得流线进行三维周向排布得到流面，该流面即为三维内转进气道压缩型面，将三维内转进气道肩部向后等直拉伸得到三维内转进气道隔离段。Preferably, in the step (1), the positive shape of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet shoulder shape is designed as a circle, and the streamline tracking is carried out in the axisymmetric internal contraction flow field, and the obtained streamlines are three-dimensionally circumscribed. The flow surface is obtained by arranging in the direction, and the flow surface is the compression profile of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet, and the three-dimensional inner turning inlet shoulder is straightly stretched backward to obtain the three-dimensional inner turning inlet isolation section.
优选的，所述步骤(2)中隔离泄流截面布置于三维内转进气道喉道截面下游；选定隔离泄流截面后，根据附面层位移厚度公式计算得到三维内转进气道附面层的位移厚度。Preferably, the isolated discharge section in the step (2) is arranged downstream of the throat section of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet; after the isolated discharge section is selected, according to the boundary layer displacement thickness formula The displacement thickness of the boundary layer of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet is calculated.
优选的，所述步骤(3)中隔离泄流装置包括隔离泄流装置主流进口、隔离泄流装置附面层出口和附面层泄流通道；其中隔离泄流装置主流进口通过三维内转进气道喉道截面减去隔离泄流区域获得，附面层泄流通道的进口与隔离泄流区域重合，隔离泄流装置附面层出口布置于带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道两侧，隔离泄流装置壁面型线由3次样条曲线拟合生成。Preferably, the isolation drainage device in the step (3) includes the main flow inlet of the isolation drainage device, the boundary layer outlet of the isolation drainage device and the boundary layer drainage channel; wherein the main flow inlet of the isolation drainage device is passed through the three-dimensional inner The airway throat section is obtained by subtracting the isolated leakage area, the inlet of the boundary layer leakage channel coincides with the isolated leakage area, and the boundary layer outlet of the isolated flow device is arranged in a three-dimensional internal turn On both sides of the airway, the wall profile of the isolation discharge device is generated by cubic spline curve fitting.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：本发明利用本设计方法生成的带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道可以显著拓宽三维内转进气道工作范围。利用通过附面层位移厚度计算设计得到的隔离泄流装置可以将进气道压缩型面三维周向附面层完全隔离并通过泄流通道排出进气道内部，且不会额外引入泄流激波，在降低进气道起动马赫数的同时，保证了三维内转进气道的气动性能。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that: the three-dimensional inward turning inlet with boundary layer isolation leakage generated by the present invention can significantly expand the working range of the three-dimensional inner turning inlet. Using the isolation and leakage device designed by calculating the displacement thickness of the boundary layer, the three-dimensional peripheral boundary layer of the compression profile of the intake port can be completely isolated and discharged from the inside of the intake port through the leakage channel without introducing additional leakage shock. wave, while reducing the starting Mach number of the intake port, it ensures the aerodynamic performance of the three-dimensional inward turning port.
附图说明Description of drawings
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute improper limitations to the present invention.
图1是带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道总体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-dimensional internal diversion inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage.
图2是带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道剖视图。Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional inward turning inlet with boundary layer isolation leakage.
图3是带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道仰视图。Fig. 3 is a bottom view of a three-dimensional inner turning inlet with boundary layer isolation leakage.
图4是带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道正视图。Fig. 4 is a front view of a three-dimensional inner turning inlet with boundary layer isolation leakage.
图5是带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道外部结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the three-dimensional internal diversion inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage.
图中的标记为：1表示高超声速来流、2表示三维内转进气道、3表示隔离泄流装置、4表示泄流装置隔离段、5表示三维内转进气道肩部型线、6表示三维内转进气道压缩型面、7表示三维内转进气道进口型线、8表示三维内转进气道隔离段、9表示隔离泄流截面、10表示三维内转进气道喉道截面、11表示隔离泄流区域、12表示隔离泄流装置主流进口、13表示隔离泄流装置附面层出口、14表示附面层泄流通道、15表示隔离泄流装置壁面型线、16表示泄流装置隔离段出口、17表示三维内转进气道附面层、18表示带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道外罩。The marks in the figure are: 1 indicates the hypersonic incoming flow, 2 indicates the three-dimensional internal turning inlet, 3 indicates the isolation discharge device, 4 indicates the isolation section of the discharge device, 5 indicates the shoulder shape of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet, 6 represents the compression profile of the three-dimensional internal rotation inlet, 7 represents the inlet profile of the three-dimensional internal rotation inlet, 8 represents the isolation section of the three-dimensional internal rotation inlet, 9 represents the isolated discharge section, and 10 represents the three-dimensional internal rotation inlet Throat cross-section, 11 indicates the isolation drainage area, 12 indicates the main flow inlet of the isolation drainage device, 13 indicates the boundary layer outlet of the isolation drainage device, 14 indicates the boundary layer drainage channel, 15 indicates the wall profile of the isolation drainage device, 16 represents the outlet of the isolation section of the discharge device, 17 represents the boundary layer of the three-dimensional internally diverted air duct, and 18 represents the outer cover of the three-dimensional internally diverted air duct with a boundary layer for isolation and leakage.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将配合附图及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式，藉此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题并达成技术功效的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, so as to fully understand and implement the implementation process of how to use technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects in the present invention.
如图1所示，本带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道方案包括三维内转进气道2、隔离泄流装置3与泄流装置隔离段4，其中三维内转进气道2包括三维内转进气道肩部型线5、三维内转进气道压缩型面6、三维内转进气道前缘型线7和三维内转进气道隔离段8；隔离泄流装置3包括隔离泄流装置主流进口12，隔离泄流装置附面层出口13和附面层泄流通道14。隔离泄流区域11大小根据该截面内三维内转进气道压缩型面6周向的附面层位移厚度决定；三维内转进气道2由流线追踪法生成，具有内乘波特性；根据隔离泄流装置主流进口12向后等直拉伸生成泄流装置隔离段4，并得到泄流装置隔离段出口16，其长度尺寸为隔离泄流装置主流进口12直径的8倍。As shown in Figure 1, the three-dimensional internal turning inlet scheme with boundary layer isolation and leakage includes three-dimensional internal turning inlet 2, isolation leakage device 3 and isolation section 4 of the leakage device, wherein the three-dimensional internal turning inlet Road 2 includes a three-dimensional inner turning inlet shoulder profile 5, a three-dimensional inner turning inlet compression profile 6, a three-dimensional inner turning inlet leading edge profile 7 and a three-dimensional inner turning inlet isolation section 8; The flow device 3 includes a main flow inlet 12 of the isolation drainage device, a boundary layer outlet 13 of the isolation drainage device and a boundary layer drainage channel 14 . The size of the isolated discharge area 11 is determined according to the boundary layer displacement thickness in the circumferential direction of the compression profile 6 of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet in the section; the three-dimensional inward turning inlet 2 is generated by the streamline tracing method and has inner multiplicative wave characteristics ; According to the isolation discharge device main flow inlet 12, the straight stretch generates the discharge device isolation section 4 backwards, and obtains the discharge device isolation section outlet 16, and its length dimension is 8 times of the diameter of the isolation discharge device main flow inlet 12.
带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道设计方法的主要实施步骤包括：The main implementation steps of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet design method with boundary layer isolation and leakage include:
(1)生成三维内转进气道2。将三维内转进气道肩部型线5的正向形状设计为圆形，在轴对称内收缩流场中进行流线追踪，将所得流线进行三维周向排布得到流面，该流面即为三维内转进气道压缩型面6，将三维内转进气道肩部5向后等直拉伸得到三维内转进气道隔离段8。(1) Create a three-dimensional inward turning inlet 2. Design the positive shape of the three-dimensional inwardly turning inlet shoulder profile 5 as a circle, trace the streamlines in the axisymmetric inward contraction flow field, and arrange the obtained streamlines in the three-dimensional circumferential direction to obtain the flow surface. The surface is the compression profile 6 of the three-dimensional inwardly turning inlet, and the three-dimensional inwardly turning inlet isolating section 8 is obtained by stretching the shoulder 5 of the three-dimensionally inwardly turning inlet in a straight direction backward.
(2)选取隔离泄流截面9的位置并计算该截面内的三维内转进气道附面层17的位移厚度。导致三维内转进气道无法工作的主要原因是由于三维内转进气道喉道截面10处产生了大量的附面层堆积从而导致附面层分离将流道堵塞。因此，隔离泄流截面9应布置于三维内转进气道喉道截面10下游。选定隔离泄流截面9后，根据附面层位移厚度公式计算得到三维内转进气道附面层17的位移厚度，并确定隔离泄流区域11，隔离泄流区域11与隔离泄流截面9内的附面层位移厚度相同。(2) Select the position of the isolated discharge section 9 and calculate the displacement thickness of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet boundary layer 17 in this section. The main reason for the inoperability of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet is that a large amount of boundary layer is accumulated at the throat section 10 of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet, which leads to the separation of the boundary layer and blocks the flow channel. Therefore, the isolated discharge section 9 should be arranged downstream of the three-dimensionally turned inlet throat section 10 . After the isolated discharge section 9 is selected, according to the boundary layer displacement thickness formula Calculate the displacement thickness of the boundary layer 17 of the three-dimensional internal transition inlet, and determine the isolated leakage region 11, which is the same as the boundary layer displacement thickness in the isolated leakage section 9.
(3)根据步骤(2)中得到的三维内转进气道附面层17的位移厚度，设计隔离泄流装置3，隔离泄流装置3包括隔离泄流装置主流进口12，隔离泄流装置附面层出口13和附面层泄流通道14。其中隔离泄流装置主流进口12通过三维内转进气道喉道截面10减去隔离泄流区域11获得，附面层泄流通道14的进口与隔离泄流区域11重合，为减小隔离泄流装置3对整体构型容积的影响，将隔离泄流装置附面层出口13布置于带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道两侧，隔离泄流装置壁面型线15由3次样条曲线拟合生成。(3) According to the displacement thickness of the three-dimensional internal transfer inlet boundary layer 17 obtained in step (2), design the isolation bleeder 3, the isolation bleeder 3 includes the main inlet 12 of the isolation bleeder, and the isolation bleeder The boundary layer outlet 13 and the boundary layer drainage channel 14 . Among them, the main flow inlet 12 of the isolation leakage device is obtained by subtracting the isolation leakage area 11 from the throat section 10 of the three-dimensional inner turning inlet, and the inlet of the boundary layer drainage channel 14 coincides with the isolation leakage area 11, in order to reduce the isolation leakage area. The impact of the flow device 3 on the overall configuration volume, the boundary layer outlet 13 of the isolation discharge device is arranged on both sides of the three-dimensional inner turning inlet with the boundary layer isolation discharge, and the wall profile 15 of the isolation discharge device is divided by 3 A subspline curve fit is generated.
(4)以步骤(3)中得到的隔离泄流装置主流进口12,等直向后拉伸得到泄流装置隔离段4。获得能够隔离排除附面层低速低能气流，同时不影响主流气流在进气道内的流动特征的带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道。(4) Take the main flow inlet 12 of the isolation discharge device obtained in step (3), and stretch it straight back to obtain the isolation section 4 of the discharge device. A three-dimensional inward turning inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage capable of isolating and removing the low-velocity and low-energy airflow of the boundary layer without affecting the flow characteristics of the mainstream airflow in the inlet is obtained.
本带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道设计方法在保持三维内转进气道优点的同时，采用隔离泄流法排出附面层低速低能气流，从而拓宽三维内转进气道的工作马赫数范围。The design method of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage maintains the advantages of the three-dimensional internal turning inlet, and at the same time adopts the isolation leakage method to discharge the low-speed and low-energy airflow in the boundary layer, thereby widening the three-dimensional internal turning inlet. working Mach number range.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明利用本设计方法生成的带附面层隔离泄流的三维内转进气道可以显著拓宽三维内转进气道工作范围。利用通过附面层位移厚度计算设计得到的隔离泄流装置可以将进气道压缩型面三维周向附面层完全隔离并通过泄流通道排出进气道内部，且不会额外引入泄流激波，在降低进气道起动马赫数的同时，保证了三维内转进气道的气动性能。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the three-dimensional inward turning inlet with boundary layer isolation and leakage generated by the design method of the present invention can significantly expand the working range of the three-dimensional inner turning inlet. Using the isolation and leakage device designed by calculating the displacement thickness of the boundary layer, the three-dimensional peripheral boundary layer of the compression profile of the intake port can be completely isolated and discharged from the inside of the intake port through the leakage channel without introducing additional leakage shock. wave, while reducing the starting Mach number of the inlet, it also ensures the aerodynamic performance of the three-dimensional inward turning inlet.
以上仅就本发明的最佳实施例作了说明，但不能理解为是对权利要求的限制。本发明不仅局限于以上实施例，其具体结构允许有变化。凡在本发明独立权利要求的保护范围内所作的各种变化均在本发明保护范围内。The above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and its specific structure is allowed to vary. All changes made within the protection scope of the independent claims of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
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