CN1101737C - 共沉降法制备不锈钢/氧化锆连续梯度功能材料 - Google Patents

共沉降法制备不锈钢/氧化锆连续梯度功能材料 Download PDF

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CN1101737C
CN1101737C CN97104468A CN97104468A CN1101737C CN 1101737 C CN1101737 C CN 1101737C CN 97104468 A CN97104468 A CN 97104468A CN 97104468 A CN97104468 A CN 97104468A CN 1101737 C CN1101737 C CN 1101737C
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stainless steel
zirconium oxide
powder
functional material
cosedimentation
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CN1173409A (zh
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黄继华
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种不锈钢/氧化锆连续梯度功能材料的制备方法，其特征是将不锈钢和氧化锆粉末与液体介质混合制成悬浊液并共沉降，沉积层经成形、烧结制备梯度材料。其中不锈钢的粒度为0.5～20μm，氧化锆的粒度(一次颗粒或二次制粒)为0.1～60μm；悬浊液中不锈钢的含量为0.01～0.5g/ml，氧化锆的含量为0.02～0.3g/ml；沉降介质可以是乙醇、丙酮和水。本发明的优点在于工艺可操作性强，所制备的梯度材料成份连续分布。

Description

共沉降法制备不锈钢/氧化锆连续梯度功能材料
本发明属于梯度功能材料的范畴。梯度功能材料是近年来发展起来的一种新型复合材料，其主要特征是材料一侧为低热导率的耐热陶瓷，另一侧为耐低温金属，为缓和热应力，两侧之间的成份和(或)组织结构梯度变化，从而使材料整体兼有金属和陶瓷的性能，既有良好的耐热性，又有足够的强韧性。虽然梯度功能材料的概念最初是为研究和发展宇航遮热材料而提出来的，但目前的应用已远远超出“遮热”功能的范畴，在生物、电子、医学、原子能等领域均具有重要的应用价值。
梯度功能材料的制备是梯度功能材料应用和发展的关键。从热应力缓和程度来看，成份连续分布一直是梯度功能材料制备领域追求的理想目标。目前已发展了多种梯度功能材料的制备方法，如气相沉积、等离子喷涂、自蔓延高温合成、粉末冶金法等等。其中粉末冶金法被认为是比较灵活的、有希望制备大型构件的方法之一，也是目前研究较多的方法。但是，目前的粉末冶金方法采用的主要是叠层法，即先按设计将两种粉末按不同成份混合，然后一层一层叠层压制成形并烧结，材料两侧之间成份分层阶跃变化。这种叠层法由于没有真正消除成份突变的界面，因而无论从制备工艺本身的可操作性上还是从应力缓和的程度上都存在很大的局限性。虽然也曾经有人提出过借用雾化沉积原理的“粉末喷射沉积法”，并认为可以制备成份连续变化的梯度材料，但由于成份控制过程非常复杂，工艺可操作性差，至今也未见有成形的样品。
本发明的目的在于制备成份连续分布的不锈钢/氧化锆梯度功能材料。
粉末颗粒在液体介质中的沉降行为可用斯托克斯沉降方程来描述，同种粉末颗粒粗的沉降快，不同种粉末同时沉降(共沉降)时颗粒粗的、密度大的沉降快。因而对于确定的两种不同粉末，通过调节沉降参量(沉降介质的密度和粘度、两种粉末的相对含量)，适当选择两种粉末的粒度，控制两种粉末的沉降行为，就可以得到成份连续过渡的沉积层。
本发明的构成是：不锈钢和氧化锆粉末与液体介质混合制成悬浊液并使其共沉降，利用同一种粉末的粒度差异以及不锈钢粉末和氧化锆粉末间的密度和粒度的差异而导致的沉降速度的差异制备成份从不锈钢连续过渡到氧化锆沉积层，经干燥、成形、烧结制备不锈钢/氧化锆梯度功能材料。其中液体沉降介质可以是乙醇、丙酮和水；不锈钢的粒度(一次颗粒或二次制粒)为0.5～20μm，氧化锆的粒度(一次颗粒或二次制粒)为0.1～60μm；悬浊液中不锈钢的含量为0.01～0.5g/ml，氧化锆的含量为0.02～0.3g/ml；成形可以是模压和等静压，成形压力为50～200MPa；烧结气氛为Ar，烧结温度为1200℃～1400℃，时间为30min～120min。
本发明的优点在于工艺可操作性强，所制备的梯度材料成份连续分布。
下图结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
图1为实施例SUS316/YSZ(3Y)样品中的成份(YSZ体积分数)分布曲线；
图2为实施例SUS304/YSZ(3Y)样品中的成份分布曲线；
图3为实施例SUS316/YSZ(3Y)梯度材料组织照片(×50)；
图4为实施例SUS304/YSZ(3Y)梯度材料组织照片(×50)。
实施例：
采用本发明方法(共沉降法)，用钇部分稳定氧化锆(YSZ)粉末和不锈钢粉末(日本SUS316和SUS304粉末)，以乙醇作为沉降介质，制备了φ33×4.5mm(烧结后)的SUS316/YSZ(3Y)和φ33×2.2mm(烧结后)的SUS304/YSZ(3Y)不锈钢/氧化锆连续梯度功能材料。其工艺参数如表(1)。
                 表(1)实施例工艺参数
 SUS316/YSZ(3Y)  SUS304/YSZ(3Y)
    粉末粒度(μm)   不锈钢     8     6
  ZrO2     0.3     0.3
    沉降介质                   乙  醇
    悬浊液浓度(g/ml)   不锈钢     90×10-3     118.5×10-3
  ZrO2     45×10-3     38×10-3
    沉积层成形压力(MPa)                 150
    烧结温度(℃)                 1300
    烧结时间(min)                 60

Claims (2)

1、一种不锈钢/氧化锆梯度功能材料的制备方法，其特征在于将氧化锆粉末二次制粒，不锈钢和氧化锆粉末与液体介质混合制成悬浊液并使其共沉降，沉积层经干燥、成形、烧结制备不锈钢/氧化锆梯度功能材料；其中不锈钢的粒度为6～20μm，氧化锆的粒度为0.1～0.3μm，二次制粒60μm；悬浊液中不锈钢的含量为0.09～0.1185g/ml，氧化锆的含量为0.02～0.045g/ml；模压成形，成形压力为50～200MPa；烧结温度为1200℃～1400℃，时间为30min～120min，烧结气氛为Ar；液体介质为乙醇。
2、根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于可以用等静压成形，液体介质可以是丙酮或水。
CN97104468A 1997-06-09 1997-06-09 共沉降法制备不锈钢/氧化锆连续梯度功能材料 Expired - Fee Related CN1101737C (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1325688C (zh) * 2005-09-12 2007-07-11 北京科技大学 一种耐磨耐蚀材料的制备方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1077471C (zh) * 1999-06-30 2002-01-09 昆明理工大学 一种用泡沫金属中间层制备梯度功能材料的方法
CN107022711A (zh) * 2017-04-26 2017-08-08 中南大学 一种Y2Ti2O7/不锈钢功能梯度复合材料及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6128608A (ja) * 1984-07-18 1986-02-08 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 嵩上げ起伏堰を備えるダム
US5455000A (en) * 1994-07-01 1995-10-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for preparation of a functionally gradient material
JPH0952509A (ja) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-25 Naldec Kk 車両用空調制御装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6128608A (ja) * 1984-07-18 1986-02-08 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 嵩上げ起伏堰を備えるダム
US5455000A (en) * 1994-07-01 1995-10-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for preparation of a functionally gradient material
JPH0952509A (ja) * 1995-08-11 1997-02-25 Naldec Kk 車両用空調制御装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1325688C (zh) * 2005-09-12 2007-07-11 北京科技大学 一种耐磨耐蚀材料的制备方法

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