CN110172592B - Method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium battery - Google Patents
Method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110172592B CN110172592B CN201910449988.2A CN201910449988A CN110172592B CN 110172592 B CN110172592 B CN 110172592B CN 201910449988 A CN201910449988 A CN 201910449988A CN 110172592 B CN110172592 B CN 110172592B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
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- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/16—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in organic solutions
- C22B3/1608—Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents
- C22B3/1616—Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents of a single type
- C22B3/165—Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents of a single type with organic acids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries, which comprises the following steps of; (1) preparing 1.3 mol.L-1 ascorbic acid solution, putting the anode material into the ascorbic acid solution, carrying out oil bath at the temperature of 60 ℃, stirring and reacting at constant temperature for 10min, and leaching the anode material; (2) adding 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the leaching solution obtained in the step (1), and reacting for 20 min; (3) adding potassium permanganate, stirring and reacting for 1h at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, and carrying out centrifugal drying after the reaction is finished to prepare the beta-type cobalt oxalate. The method can realize the recovery of cobalt from the waste ternary lithium battery and the preparation of the beta-type cobalt oxalate particles, and has the advantages of quick reaction time, low requirement on the corrosion resistance of equipment and low pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing beta-type cobalt oxalate, in particular to a method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries.
Background
In recent years, development of new energy vehicles has become an extremely important task in all countries of the world. The measure of starting the special electric automobile in the '863' plan of the ministry of science and technology of China promotes the rapid development of the electric automobile industry, and simultaneously promotes the development of the power battery industry. The annual output of pure electric vehicles in China is expected to exceed 200 thousands of vehicles in 2020, and the accumulated quantity of output and sales reaches 500 thousands of vehicles. This indicates that the number of scrapped power lithium batteries must be increased greatly. The amount of discarded batteries in China is predicted to reach 50 ten thousand tons in 2020. The industry pattern estimates that the recovery market scale created by recovering valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, lithium, manganese, iron, aluminum and the like from waste lithium batteries will exceed 100 million yuan in 2020 and the lithium battery market will reach 250 million yuan in 2023. Therefore, the environmental pollution is reduced while the recovery resources of the waste batteries are recovered.
At present, the main methods for recovering the lithium battery mainly comprise an acid leaching process, an electrochemical process, a biological leaching process and the like. However, the electrochemical process has high requirements on the composition of the electrolyte, the power consumption is high, bacteria in the biological leaching process are easy to be poisonly inactivated under high metal concentration, the leaching efficiency is limited, and meanwhile, strains with harsh conditions for culturing microbial strains are easy to be polluted, the leaching efficiency is low and the strains are difficult to culture. The acid leaching process is generally divided into organic acid and inorganic acid, the inorganic acid generally adopts sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, the inorganic acid can generate toxic gases such as oxysulfide, nitric oxide and chloride in the process of leaching metal ions, secondary pollution is caused to the environment, meanwhile, the sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are strong acids, have strong corrosivity and higher requirements on equipment, and in recent years, people explore and adopt the organic acid to replace the inorganic acid, such as malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, citric acid and ascorbic acid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for effectively and quickly recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries with low pollution and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries comprises the following steps;
(1) preparing 1.3 mol.L-1 ascorbic acid solution, putting the anode material into the ascorbic acid solution, carrying out oil bath at the temperature of 60 ℃, stirring and reacting at constant temperature for 10min, and leaching the anode material;
(2) adding 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the leaching solution obtained in the step (1), and reacting for 20 min;
(3) adding potassium permanganate, stirring and reacting for 1h at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, and carrying out centrifugal drying after the reaction is finished to prepare the beta-type cobalt oxalate.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the using amount of the ascorbic acid to the mass of the cathode material in the step (1) is 1: 22-1: 27 (L/g).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the amount of the dilute sulfuric acid to the mass of the cathode material in the step (2) is 10: 1-25: 1 (L/g).
In one embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the amount of potassium permanganate used to the mass of the positive electrode material in step (3) is 1: 1-4: 1 (L/g).
In one embodiment of the invention, the stirring speed in the step (3) is 600r/min to 1400 r/min.
In one embodiment of the invention, potassium permanganate in step (3) oxidizes ascorbic acid to oxalic acid under acidic conditions, the main reaction equation being:
C6Η6Ο6Cο+C2Η2Ο4→CoC2Ο4·2H2O↓+C2Η8Ο6；
according to the equation, the anode material of the waste ternary lithium power battery generates cobalt ions after acid leaching, the cobalt ions generate particles after a series of reactions, the cobalt ions react with oxalate ions, ascorbic acid generated in the process can continuously leach the anode material of the waste ternary lithium power battery, and meanwhile, more cobalt elements in the anode material enter a solution to provide a raw material for the reaction of the cobalt ions and the oxalate ions.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method is suitable for preparing the beta-type cobalt oxalate particles by recovering and leaching various manganese-nickel-cobalt-containing waste ternary power lithium battery positive electrode materials.
2. The method adopts the ascorbic acid, the dilute sulfuric acid and the potassium permanganate to effectively realize the preparation of the beta-type cobalt oxalate particles at the temperature of 60 ℃, simultaneously oxidizes the ascorbic acid, reduces the content of organic acid in the waste liquid, and has better economic benefit.
3. The reaction time of the method can be controlled within 2 hours, and the influence of the reaction time on the subsequent operation of the leachate is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the reaction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of cobalt oxalate at different rotation speeds according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of beta-type cobalt oxalate particles at a rotation speed of 1000r/min according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a laser particle size test result chart of beta-type cobalt oxalate particles under the conditions of rotation speed of 600r/min, 800r/min and 1000 r/min.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing 1.3 mol/L-1 ascorbic acid solution, wherein the ratio of the ascorbic acid dosage to the positive electrode material mass is 1: 22-1: 27(L/g), putting the positive electrode material into the ascorbic acid solution, carrying out oil bath constant-temperature stirring reaction at 60 ℃ for 10min, and leaching the positive electrode material;
(2) adding 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the leachate obtained in the step (1), and reacting for 20min, wherein the ratio of the dilute sulfuric acid dosage to the mass of the anode material is 10: 1-25: 1 (L/g);
(3) adding potassium permanganate, wherein the ratio of the using amount of the potassium permanganate to the mass of the anode material is 1: 1-4: 1(L/g), stirring and reacting for 1h at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 600-1400 r/min, and after the reaction is finished, performing centrifugal drying to prepare beta-type cobalt oxalate; the potassium permanganate oxidizes the ascorbic acid into oxalic acid under an acidic condition, and the main reaction equation is as follows:
C6Η6Ο6Cο+C2Η2Ο4→CoC2Ο4·2H2O↓+C2Η8Ο6。
according to the equation, the anode material of the waste ternary lithium power battery generates cobalt ions after acid leaching, the cobalt ions generate particles after a series of reactions, the cobalt ions react with oxalate ions, ascorbic acid generated in the process can continuously leach the anode material of the waste ternary lithium power battery, and meanwhile, more cobalt elements in the anode material enter a solution to provide a raw material for the reaction of the cobalt ions and the oxalate ions.
Example 1
In the embodiment, 2.2026g of positive electrode material, 22.1mL of dilute sulfuric acid and 2.2006g of potassium permanganate are adopted, and the rotating speed is 600 r/min.
22.7856g of ascorbic acid is weighed and dissolved to a constant volume of 100ml, prepared ascorbic acid solution is added into 2.2026g of anode material of the waste ternary power lithium battery, the anode material is subjected to reaction for 10min under the stirring speed of 600r/min in a constant temperature oil bath at 30 ℃, then 22.1ml of 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid is added for reaction for 20min, and finally 2.2006g of potassium permanganate is added for reaction for 1 h. Referring to fig. 4, it was determined that the particle size: the test results d (0.5) of the laser particle sizer are 6.391 μm respectively; the product is beta-type cobalt oxalate as can be seen from figure 2; FIG. 3 is an SEM image of beta-form cobalt oxalate particles at 600 r/min.
Example 2
In the embodiment, 2.5016g of positive electrode material, 22.1mL of dilute sulfuric acid and 10.0031g of potassium permanganate are adopted, and the rotating speed is 800 r/min.
22.7580g of ascorbic acid is weighed and dissolved to a constant volume of 100ml, the prepared ascorbic acid solution is added into 2.5077g of the anode material of the waste ternary power lithium battery, the mixture is subjected to reaction for 10min under the stirring speed of 800r/min in a constant-temperature oil bath at 60 ℃, then 50.1ml of 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid is added for reaction for 20min, and finally 5.0014g of potassium permanganate is added for reaction for 1 h. Referring to fig. 4, particle size: the results d (0.5) of the laser particle size analyzer are 6.007 μm respectively, the product is beta-type cobalt oxalate as shown in figure 2, and figure 3 is an SEM image of beta-type cobalt oxalate particles under the condition of 800 r/min.
Example 3
In the embodiment, 2.7035g of positive electrode material, 27.2mL of dilute sulfuric acid and 10.8035g of potassium permanganate are adopted, and the rotating speed is 1000 r/min.
22.7595g of ascorbic acid is weighed and dissolved to a constant volume of 100ml, the prepared ascorbic acid solution is added into 2.7035g of the anode material of the waste ternary power lithium battery, the mixture is subjected to reaction for 10min under the stirring speed of 1400r/min in a constant-temperature oil bath at 60 ℃, then 27.2ml of 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid is added for reaction for 20min, and finally 10.8035g of potassium permanganate is added for reaction for 1 h. Referring to fig. 4, particle size: the results d (0.5) of the laser particle size analyzer are 5.276 μm, respectively, the product is beta-form cobalt oxalate as shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 is SEM image of beta-form cobalt oxalate particles under 1000 r/min.
The preparation at different rotating speeds is to obtain cobalt oxalate particles with smaller particle size, and as can be seen from the 3 examples, the cobalt oxalate particles prepared at the rotating speed of 600r/min are more regular and uniform in size; the grain size of the cobalt oxalate particles prepared at the rotating speed of 800r/min and 1000r/min is smaller.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps;
(1) preparing 1.3 mol.L-1 ascorbic acid solution, putting the anode material into the ascorbic acid solution, carrying out oil bath at the temperature of 60 ℃, stirring and reacting at constant temperature for 10min, and leaching the anode material;
(2) adding 1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid into the leaching solution obtained in the step (1), and reacting for 20 min;
(3) adding potassium permanganate, stirring and reacting for 1h at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, and carrying out centrifugal drying after the reaction is finished to prepare the beta-type cobalt oxalate.
2. The method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the using amount of ascorbic acid in the step (1) to the mass of the positive electrode material is 1: 22-1: 27 (L/g).
3. The method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the amount of dilute sulfuric acid used in the step (2) to the mass of the positive electrode material is 10: 1-25: 1 (L/g).
4. The method for recovering beta-type cobalt oxalate from waste ternary lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the dosage of potassium permanganate to the mass of the positive electrode material in the step (3) is 1: 1-4: 1 (L/g).
5. The method for recovering the beta-type cobalt oxalate from the waste ternary lithium batteries as recited in claim 1, wherein the stirring speed in the step (3) is 600r/min to 1400 r/min.
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Citations (5)
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| CN105331819A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-17 | 湖北大学 | Method for recycling Co3O4 from positive electrode material of waste lithium cobalt oxide battery |
| CN107475538A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-12-15 | 上海第二工业大学 | The method for reclaiming valuable metal in waste and old cobalt acid lithium battery positive electrode with citric acid and sodium thiosulfate |
| CN108565419A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-21 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of regenerative lithium ion anode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109439906A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-08 | 上海第二工业大学 | A method of selective recovery separating valuable metals and aluminium foil from abandoned car power ternary battery |
| CN109439904A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-03-08 | 广东佳纳能源科技有限公司 | A method of the leaching valuable metal from waste lithium cell positive electrode |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105331819A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-17 | 湖北大学 | Method for recycling Co3O4 from positive electrode material of waste lithium cobalt oxide battery |
| CN107475538A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-12-15 | 上海第二工业大学 | The method for reclaiming valuable metal in waste and old cobalt acid lithium battery positive electrode with citric acid and sodium thiosulfate |
| CN108565419A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-21 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of regenerative lithium ion anode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109439904A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-03-08 | 广东佳纳能源科技有限公司 | A method of the leaching valuable metal from waste lithium cell positive electrode |
| CN109439906A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-08 | 上海第二工业大学 | A method of selective recovery separating valuable metals and aluminium foil from abandoned car power ternary battery |
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