CN110172547B - Device and process for small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing - Google Patents
Device and process for small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN110172547B CN110172547B CN201910449835.8A CN201910449835A CN110172547B CN 110172547 B CN110172547 B CN 110172547B CN 201910449835 A CN201910449835 A CN 201910449835A CN 110172547 B CN110172547 B CN 110172547B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a process for thermal processing of small-batch multi-specification camshafts, belonging to the field of thermal processing of camshafts, wherein the device comprises a steel frame and a workbench, and two lifting devices are symmetrically arranged on the steel frame positioned at two sides of the workbench; a rotary platform device is arranged on the workbench, a cam shaft is movably connected in the rotary platform device, and a cam is arranged on the cam shaft; the lifting devices are respectively connected with telescopic rods, the tail end of one telescopic rod is connected with a peach point induction coil, the tail end of the other telescopic rod is connected with a base circle induction coil, and an isolation plate is arranged between the peach point induction coil and the base circle induction coil; the workbench is provided with a PLC controller which is electrically connected with the lifting device and the rotary platform device respectively. The device for the small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing and the process adopting the device provided by the invention enable the quenching temperature of the cam lobe part and the base circle part to be the same as the depth of a hardened layer after quenching, and can continuously heat cams of different specifications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camshaft heat treatment, in particular to a device and a process for small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing.
Background
The camshaft is one of key parts of the engine, and is used for controlling the opening and closing actions of the valve, ensuring that the engine sucks fresh combustible mixed gas for the cylinder at regular time in work and discharging burnt waste gas out of the cylinder in time. During the operation of the engine, the cam working surface bears the alternating stress higher than that of the core part and also bears the friction force, thereby influencing the service life of the cam shaft. To improve the service life of a camshaft, the working surface of the cam must have high strength, hardness and wear resistance over a limited depth range, while the core must have sufficient plasticity and toughness to withstand a certain impact force. The cam needs to be strengthened by heat treatment to meet the following requirements. As one of surface quenching, induction heating quenching is a heat treatment method which is heated by induced current generated on the surface of a steel workpiece by an alternating magnetic field, has high heating speed, thin heating layer and small depth of a quenched layer after quenching, can keep the performance inside the workpiece basically unchanged, better meets the requirements, has low energy consumption and little pollution, is easy to realize mechanization and automation, and just accords with the heat treatment of the working surface of a cam.
The quality problems of the common circular ring inductor for the camshaft mainly comprise: when the cam is heated, the peach point part has a sharp angle effect, magnetic induction lines are dense, and a large temperature difference is easily generated between the peach point part and a base circle part, so that the depth difference of a hardened layer is large after the peach point part and the base circle part are quenched, even the peach point part of the cam is overheated or melted, and the cracking of the peach point part of the cam or the occurrence of a soft quenching zone at the base circle part and the like are easily caused.
The quality problem of the traditional profiling inductor induction quenching for the camshaft mainly comprises the following steps: the requirement of the profiling inductor on the positioning accuracy of the workpiece is high, a plurality of cams on different planes cannot continuously enter the induction coil once, and the cam needs to be disassembled and assembled once when being heated, so that the good contact at the joint of the induction coil every time is difficult to ensure, the stability of the product quality is poor, the production efficiency is low, and the profiling inductor is not suitable for batch production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a process for small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, ensuring that the quenching temperature of a cam lobe part and a base circle part is the same as the depth of a hardened layer after quenching, continuously heating the multi-specification camshafts, and being high in production efficiency and easy to realize batch production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a device for small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing, which comprises a steel frame and a workbench, wherein two lifting devices are symmetrically arranged on the steel frame positioned on two sides of the workbench; a rotating platform device is arranged on the workbench, a cam shaft is movably connected in the rotating platform device, and a cam is arranged on the cam shaft; the lifting device is respectively connected with telescopic rods, the tail end of one telescopic rod is connected with a peach point induction coil A, the tail end of the other telescopic rod is connected with a base circle induction coil A, and a separation plate is arranged between the peach point induction coil A and the base circle induction coil A; and the workbench is provided with a PLC (programmable logic controller) which is electrically connected with the lifting device and the rotary platform device respectively.
Optionally, the lifting device comprises guide rails fixed on two sides of the steel frame, a sliding block is movably arranged on the guide rails, a lead screw penetrates through the sliding block, the top of the lead screw is connected with a motor through a coupler, the motor comprises a first motor and a second motor which are fixed on the steel frame on two sides through fixing plates respectively, and the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the sliding block.
Optionally, the bottom of the rotary platform device is fixedly arranged on the workbench through four symmetrically arranged rotary platform device connecting pins.
Optionally, a three-jaw chuck is fixedly arranged on the rotating platform device, and the lower end of the cam shaft is clamped in the three-jaw chuck; and a third motor is arranged in the rotating platform device, and a motor shaft of the third motor is connected with the tail end of the cam shaft.
Optionally, six cams are arranged on the cam shaft, the cam types are divided into three types, namely a cam A, a cam B and a cam C, and the included angles between two adjacent cams from bottom to top are respectively
The invention also provides a process for the small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) acquiring information of the camshaft to be thermally treated, and compiling a corresponding program on the PLC according to the measured parameters such as the size of the cam, the distance between the two adjacent cams and the included angle between the two adjacent cams.
(2) Placing the camshaft with the acquired information on a three-jaw chuck, enabling the peach point part of the cam A at the lowest part to face the right side and be fixed, controlling lifting devices at two sides, enabling a telescopic rod to move to the position at the same horizontal position as the cam A at the lowest part, and adjusting the length of the telescopic rod to enable an induction coil A at the peach point part and an induction coil A at the base circle part to be matched with the peach point part and the base circle part of the cam A at the lowest part respectively;
(3) standing and heating for 5s, and after the heating is finished, adjusting the length of the telescopic rod to enable the peach tip part induction coil A and the base circle part induction coil A to horizontally retract towards two sides respectively;
(4) a third motor in the rotary platform device drives the cam shaft to rotate anticlockwise
Then the power is cut off and the operation is stopped;
(5) and controlling the lifting devices at the two sides to enable the peach tip part induction coil B and the base circle part induction coil B to move to be at the same horizontal position with the penultimate cam B, repeating the steps, and disconnecting the main power supply until the cams are completely heated, so that the device stops working.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention adopts the profiling induction coil, ensures the constant distance between the induction coil and the cam profile, effectively reduces the sharp angle effect of the cam nose part, enables the cam to be heated uniformly, and ensures that the quenching temperature of the cam nose part and the base circle part is the same as the depth of a hardened layer after quenching. The multi-specification cam shaft heating device is provided with four sets of induction coils, when different cams are heated, only the lifting device is required to be controlled to move the corresponding induction coils to be in the same horizontal position with the cams, and then the distance between the induction coils and the cam profile is adjusted by controlling the length of the telescopic rods, so that the multi-specification cam shaft heating device can continuously heat the cam shafts without being disassembled and assembled for many times, and the production efficiency is greatly improved. The invention is also provided with a set of coil bank, and for camshafts with different specifications, only corresponding profiling coils need to be selected from the coil bank, so that the adaptability is strong, and the requirement of mass production can be met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2-1 is a schematic view of the peach apex position induction coil of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2-2 is a schematic view of the base circle portion induction coil of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a wiring diagram of the motor open-phase protection circuit of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a delay circuit control ladder of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a timing diagram of the delay circuit control of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a table of delay circuit control commands for the apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a first motor, 2-a fixed plate, 3-a coupler, 4-a slide block, 5, a lead screw, 6-a telescopic rod, 7-a guide rail, 8-a cam A, 9-a peach tip position induction coil A, 10-a rotary platform device connecting pin, 11-a separation plate, 12-a third motor and 13-a three-jaw chuck, 14-PLC controller, 15-base circle part induction coil A, 16-cam B, 17-cam C, 18-workbench, 19-steel frame, 20-base circle part induction coil B, 21-second motor, 22-base circle part induction coil C, 23-base circle part induction coil D, 24-peach top part induction coil B, 25-peach top part induction coil C and 26-peach top part induction coil D.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a device and a process for rotary heating of a large camshaft, which aim to solve the problems in the prior art, ensure that the quenching temperature of a cam nose part and a base circle part is the same as the depth of a hardened layer after quenching, can continuously heat the cam, have high production efficiency and are easy to realize batch production.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention discloses a device for rotating and heating a large camshaft, which comprises a rotating platform device, a lifting device, a peach point part induction coil A9, a base circle part induction coil A15, a partition board 11, an expansion link 6, a PLC (programmable logic controller) 14, a steel frame 19 and a workbench 18, wherein the rotating platform device is arranged on the workbench 18; the lifting device is fixed at two sides of the rotary platform device and is abutted against the steel frame 19; the peach point part induction coil A9 and the base circle part induction coil A15 are respectively arranged at one end of two telescopic rods 6, and the other end of each telescopic rod 6 is arranged on a sliding block 4 in the lifting device; a separation plate 11 is arranged between the peach point part induction coil A9 and the base circle part induction coil A15; the PLC controller 14 is mounted on a table 18.
The rotary platform device comprises a three-jaw chuck 13, a third motor 12 and a rotary platform device connecting pin 10. The three-jaw chuck 13 is installed on the upper portion of the rotary platform device, the clamping and positioning of the camshaft to be heated can be completed, four rotary platform device connecting pins 10 are arranged at the bottom of the rotary platform device, the rotary platform device connecting pins 10 are fixed on the workbench 18, and the third motor 12 is arranged inside the rotary platform device.
The lifting device comprises a first motor 1, a fixed plate 2, a second motor 21, a coupler 3, a slide block 4, a lead screw 5 and a guide rail 7. The first motor 1 and the second motor 21 are respectively arranged on the two fixing plates 2, the lower ends of the lead screws 5 and the lower ends of the guide rails 7 are respectively fixed on the workbench 18, and the upper ends of the two lead screws 5 are respectively connected with output shafts of the first motor 1 and the second motor 21 through the shaft coupling 3.
As shown in fig. 2-1 and 2-2, the nose portion induction coil a9 and the base circle portion induction coil a15 are of a profile design, the distance between the effective heating portion and the profile of the cam A8 is constant, so that the cam A8 is heated uniformly, and the quenching temperature and the hardened layer depth of the nose portion and the base circle portion of the cam A8 are the same.
Further preferably, a plurality of cams with different sizes can be simultaneously arranged on the cam shaft, as shown in fig. 1, six cams are arranged on the cam shaft, the types of the cams are divided into three types, namely a cam A8, a cam B16 and a cam C17, and included angles between two adjacent cams from bottom to top are respectively
Correspond respectively on the guide rail 7 of both sides and be provided with a plurality of sliders 4, set up respectively on slider 4 with the corresponding not induction coil of equidimension of different cam models, be base circle position induction coil A15 respectively, base circle position induction coil B20, base circle position induction coil C22, base circle position induction coil D23, and peach point position induction coil A9, peach point position induction coil B24, peach point position induction coil C25, peach point position induction coil D26, thereby can satisfy the supporting between different model cams and the induction coil.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a process for rotary heating of a large camshaft, comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) acquiring information of the camshaft to be thermally treated, and compiling a corresponding program on the PLC 14 according to the measured parameters such as the size of the cam, the distance between the two adjacent cams and the included angle between the two adjacent cams.
(2) Placing the camshaft with the acquired information on a three-jaw chuck 13, enabling the peach point position of a cam A8 at the bottom to face the right side and be fixed, controlling lifting devices at two sides, enabling a telescopic rod 6 to move to be at the same horizontal position with a cam A8 at the bottom, adjusting the length of the telescopic rod 6, and enabling an induction coil A9 at the peach point position and an induction coil A15 at the base circle position to be matched with the peach point position and the base circle position of the cam A8 at the bottom respectively;
(3) standing and heating for 5s, and after the heating is finished, adjusting the length of the telescopic rod 6 to enable the peach point part induction coil A9 and the base circle part induction coil A15 to horizontally retract towards two sides respectively;
(4) the third motor 12 in the rotary platform device drives the cam shaft to rotate anticlockwise
After (time for 2s), the power is cut off and the power is stopped;
(5) controlling the lifting devices at two sides to enable the peach point part induction coil B24 and the base circle part induction coil B20 to move to be at the same horizontal position with the penultimate cam B16, repeating the steps until the cams are completely heated, disconnecting the main power supply, and stopping the device.
In the connection diagram of the motor open-phase protection circuit of the device of the present invention shown in fig. 4, the circuit configuration includes QF1, QF2, QF3 as circuit breakers, FU1, FU2, FU3 as thermal relays, FR1, FE2, FR3 as thermal relays and contacts thereof, KA1 as an intermediate relay, KM as an ac contactor, SB1 as a start button switch, SB2 as a stop button switch, M1 as a first motor, M2 as a second motor, and M3 as a third motor. When the QF1 switch is closed, after the start button SB1 is pressed, the coil of the KA1 is electrified and attracted, the normally open contact is self-locked after being closed, the coil of the alternating current contactor KM is electrified and attracted, the first motor is electrified, after the QF2 switch is closed, the second motor is electrified, and after the QF3 switch is closed, the third motor is electrified.
In the working process, if the L1 phase or the L2 phase is out of phase due to failure, the KM coil loses power, the main contact of the KM coil disconnects the power supply of the motor, and the motor stops running; if the L3 phase is in phase loss, the coil of the intermediate relay KA1 loses power, the closed normally open contact of the intermediate relay enables the coil of the contactor KM to lose power, the motor is stopped to run, and the phase loss protection effect is achieved.
As shown in fig. 5-7, in the time-delay on/off control set by the PLC controller, when the input X000 terminal is on, T0 starts timing, and after 5s, the normally open contact T0 is closed, Y000 is on and self-locked, the third motor starts to operate, and at the same time, T1 starts timing, and after 2s, the normally closed contact T1 is opened, Y000 is off, and the third motor stops operating.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a device to many specifications of small batch camshaft hot working which characterized in that: the lifting device comprises a steel frame and a workbench, wherein two lifting devices are symmetrically arranged on the steel frame at two sides of the workbench; a rotating platform device is arranged on the workbench, a cam shaft is movably connected in the rotating platform device, and a cam is arranged on the cam shaft; the lifting device is respectively connected with telescopic rods, the tail end of one telescopic rod is connected with a peach point induction coil A, the tail end of the other telescopic rod is connected with a base circle induction coil A, and a separation plate is arranged between the peach point induction coil A and the base circle induction coil A; and the workbench is provided with a PLC (programmable logic controller) which is electrically connected with the lifting device and the rotary platform device respectively.
2. The apparatus for small lot multi-specification camshaft hot working according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lifting device comprises guide rails fixed on two sides of a steel frame, sliding blocks are movably arranged on the guide rails, lead screws penetrate through the sliding blocks, the tops of the lead screws are connected with motors through couplers, the motors comprise first motors and second motors which are fixed on the steel frame on two sides through fixing plates respectively, and the telescopic rods are fixedly connected with the inner side walls of the sliding blocks.
3. The apparatus for small lot multi-specification camshaft hot working according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the rotary platform device is fixedly arranged on the workbench through four symmetrically arranged rotary platform device connecting pins.
4. The apparatus for small lot multi-specification camshaft hot working according to claim 1, characterized in that: a three-jaw chuck is fixedly arranged on the rotating platform device, and the lower end of the cam shaft is clamped in the three-jaw chuck; and a third motor is arranged in the rotating platform device, and a motor shaft of the third motor is connected with the tail end of the cam shaft.
5. The apparatus for small lot multi-specification camshaft hot working according to claim 1, characterized in that: six cams are arranged on the cam shaft, the cam types are divided into three types, namely a cam A, a cam B and a cam C, and the included angles between two adjacent cams from bottom to top are respectively
6. The utility model provides a technology to many specifications of small batch camshaft hot working which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring information of a camshaft to be thermally treated, and compiling a corresponding program on a PLC (programmable logic controller) according to the measured parameters such as the size of the cam, the distance between the two vertically adjacent cams, the included angle between the two vertically adjacent cams and the like;
(2) placing the camshaft with the acquired information on a three-jaw chuck, enabling the peach point part of the cam A at the lowest part to face the right side and be fixed, controlling lifting devices at two sides, enabling a telescopic rod to move to the position at the same horizontal position as the cam A at the lowest part, and adjusting the length of the telescopic rod to enable an induction coil A at the peach point part and an induction coil A at the base circle part to be matched with the peach point part and the base circle part of the cam A at the lowest part respectively;
(3) standing and heating for 5s, and after the heating is finished, adjusting the length of the telescopic rod to enable the peach tip part induction coil A and the base circle part induction coil A to horizontally retract towards two sides respectively;
(4) a third motor in the rotary platform device drives the cam shaft to rotate anticlockwise
After power failure stopStopping;
(5) and controlling the lifting devices at the two sides to enable the peach tip part induction coil B and the base circle part induction coil B to move to be at the same horizontal position with the penultimate cam B, repeating the steps, and disconnecting the main power supply until the cams are completely heated, so that the device stops working.
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| CN201910449835.8A CN110172547B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Device and process for small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing |
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| CN201910449835.8A CN110172547B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Device and process for small-batch multi-specification camshaft hot processing |
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| CN110172547B true CN110172547B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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| CN113215381A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 燕山大学 | Method and device for reciprocating type precise heating of chain wheel |
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| CN117625926B (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-04-05 | 江苏久保联实业有限公司 | Furnace tube maintenance is with local guenching unit |
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| CN201447490U (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2010-05-05 | 杨东佐 | Thermal treatment equipment of metal parts |
| CN205616920U (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-05 | 燕山大学 | Novel inductor based on conventional eccentric cam even heating |
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| CN113215381A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 燕山大学 | Method and device for reciprocating type precise heating of chain wheel |
| CN113215381B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-03-25 | 燕山大学 | Method and device for reciprocating type precise heating of chain wheel |
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