CN110171438B - Coupler body of car coupler - Google Patents
Coupler body of car coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN110171438B CN110171438B CN201910505784.6A CN201910505784A CN110171438B CN 110171438 B CN110171438 B CN 110171438B CN 201910505784 A CN201910505784 A CN 201910505784A CN 110171438 B CN110171438 B CN 110171438B
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
- B61G3/10—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling heads in the form of hook-like interengaging rigid jaws, e.g. "Willison" type
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a coupler body of a car coupler, and belongs to the field of railway transportation. This coupler body includes: go up and pull platform, gusset, coupler body main part down, still include: the first connecting part is provided with an arc concave surface and is connected with the upper traction table and the rib plate; a second connecting part having a circular arc concave surface, connecting the upper traction table and the hook body; and a third connecting part with a circular arc concave surface, which connects the lower traction table and the hook body. The coupler body can reduce stress concentration of the coupler and improve fatigue strength of the coupler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to railway transportation, in particular to a coupler body of a coupler.
Background
The coupler body is used as a key part for realizing connection and longitudinal force transmission between locomotives and vehicles and between vehicles, and the reliability relation of the coupler body emphasizes the transportation safety of trucks. The overhaul discovers that the coupler has a large number of crack problems so that the root of the traction table has the most cracks. The reason for this is analyzed, in addition to the wear reducing the surface quality, the local stresses are very large mainly because the traction table as a load-bearing area is small in volume and is subjected to large longitudinal tensile forces and impacts.
The main function of the coupler draft gear is to cooperate with the coupler knuckle draft gear in the locking position to bear the draft force of the vehicle, which is the main part of the draft gear bearing the draft force. After the car coupler is loaded and used, the head part of the car coupler is in a drooping state under the action of the gravity of the car coupler, so that two mutually connected car couplers are in contact with each other under a traction table, a gap exists between the upper traction tables, when a train is pulled, the lower traction tables are stressed firstly, when the two car couplers are pulled to be parallel to each other, the upper traction tables are stressed, and at the moment, the stress of the lower traction tables is greater than that of the upper traction tables under the action of the gravity of the car coupler. The stress of the upper traction table and the lower traction table of the coupler is uneven in the application, so that the lower traction table can independently bear all traction force or most traction force, and the fatigue life of the coupler is shortened due to the increase of the longitudinal force of the train caused by the change of the application working condition. In addition, the traction table is of a non-smooth transition structure, so that stress is concentrated and the bearing area is small; the traction table is short and thin, the root part of the traction table has overlarge stress and a plastic deformation area due to casting defects and the like, and in addition, the car coupler traction table frequently bears large traction force and impact force in the running, braking and starting processes of a car, so fatigue cracks are easily formed. Once the coupler cracks, great hidden trouble is brought to the running of the train.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a coupler body, which can reduce the stress concentration of a coupler and improve the fatigue strength of the coupler.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a coupler body, including: go up and pull platform, gusset, coupler body main part down, still include: the first connecting part is provided with an arc concave surface and is connected with the upper traction table and the rib plate; a second connecting part having a circular arc concave surface, connecting the upper traction table and the hook body; and a third connecting part with a circular arc concave surface, which connects the lower traction table and the hook body.
Preferably, the radius of the circular arc concave surface of the first connecting part is 20mm, and the length of the circular arc concave surface of the first connecting part is 15 mm.
Preferably, the radius of the circular arc concave surface of the second connecting part and the third connecting part is 30 mm.
Preferably, the radius of the inner side arc of the upper traction table is 70mm, and the length of the inner side arc is 60 mm.
Preferably, the radius of the outer circular arc of the upper traction table is 150mm, and the length of the outer circular arc is 80 mm.
Preferably, the height of the upper traction table is 25 mm.
Preferably, the radius of the inner side arc of the lower traction table is 70mm, and the length of the inner side arc is 65 mm.
Preferably, the radius of the outer circular arc of the lower traction table is 150mm, and the length of the outer circular arc is 90 mm.
Preferably, the height of the lower traction table is 35 mm.
Preferably, the distance between the inner circular arc and the outer circular arc of the upper traction table and the lower traction table is 33 mm.
By the technical scheme, the coupler body of the coupler provided by the invention comprises the following components: go up and pull platform, gusset, coupler body main part down, still include: the first connecting part is provided with an arc concave surface and is connected with the upper traction table and the rib plate; a second connecting part having a circular arc concave surface, connecting the upper traction table and the hook body; and a third connecting part with a circular arc concave surface, which connects the lower traction table and the hook body. The coupler body can reduce stress concentration of the coupler and improve fatigue strength of the coupler.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a traction table according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a traction table A-A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a drawing table B-B according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1 upper traction table and 2 lower traction table
3 hook body pin hole 4 hook lock cavity
5 Rib plate
Arc radius of arc concave surface of R1 second connecting part
Arc radius of arc concave surface of R2 third connecting part
Radius of inner side arc of R3 upper traction table
Outside arc radius of R4 upper traction table
Arc radius of arc concave surface of R5 first connection part
Radius of inner side arc of R6 lower traction table
Outside arc radius of R7 lower traction table
R8 arc radius of inner and outer side connecting part of traction table
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The coupler buffer device is composed of a coupler (coupler body and coupler knuckle), a coupler yoke, a buffer, a front slave plate, a rotating sleeve, a coupler yoke pin and other parts and is arranged in a traction beam at two ends of a car body chassis. When the vehicle is towed, the force transfer process of the coupler buffer device is as follows (assuming that 16 types of couplers are in front): front end vehicle draft beam → type 16 front slave plate → bumper → type 16 hitch frame → coupler tail pin → type 16 knuckle → type 16H knuckle (front) → type 16H knuckle (rear) → type 17 knuckle → coupler tail pin → type 17 hitch frame → bumper → type 17 front slave plate → rear end vehicle draft beam.
When the vehicle brakes and decelerates, the force transfer process of the coupler buffer device is as follows (assuming that 16 types of hooks are in front): rear end vehicle upper center plate composition → bumper → type 17 slave plate → type 17 hook → 16H knuckle (rear) → 16H knuckle (front) → 16 type hook → type 16 slave plate → bumper → front end vehicle upper center plate composition. The inside three clearances that have of coupling connection are: the gap 1 between the hook body and the coupler knuckle traction table from top to bottom, the gap 2 between the guard pin flange, the gap 3 between the coupler eye and the coupler knuckle pin, and the gap between each part satisfy the following theoretical conditions: 1 < 2 < 3. When the car coupler is pulled, the upper and lower traction tables of the coupler body and the coupler knuckle bear load, the S surfaces of the two coupler knuckles bear load, and the guard pin flange and the coupler knuckle can bear part of load gradually when the traction table generates plastic deformation along with the increase of the abrasion of the traction table or the large longitudinal tension. When the car coupler is pressed, the coupler body and the coupler knuckle impact platform bear the load.
When the coupler device is in action, a traction table on a coupler body of the coupler is contacted with a traction table on a coupler knuckle, and a contact part generates larger stress, particularly, the transition part of a rib plate on the periphery of a lock cavity of the upper coupler and the upper traction table and the root part of the traction table generate larger stress concentration. Aiming at the defects, the radius of the inner and outer circular arcs at the root part of the upper traction table is increased, the width between the two circular arcs is increased, and the radius of the transition circular arc between the rib plate and the upper traction table is increased, so that the contact part is smoother, and the stress concentration is reduced. Meanwhile, the height of the upper traction table is reduced to control the gap between the upper traction table and the lower traction table, so that force transmission and stress are more uniform.
When the draw platform under the coupling and draw the platform under the coupler tongue to act, draw platform root department stress under the coupling great, mainly because draw platform length under the coupling is not enough, its total length is less than draw platform length under the coupler tongue, lead to the coupler tongue to draw the platform to have a part not to contact completely, consequently stress is inhomogeneous in the atress process, leads to the draw platform root under the coupling to produce stress concentration. Aiming at the defect, the length of the lower traction table can be increased, so that the lower traction table can be fully contacted with the knuckle lower traction table, and the local stress is reduced. The radius of the inner and outer circular arcs of the lower traction table is increased, and the width between the two circular arcs is increased. Meanwhile, the height of the lower traction table is increased, so that the stress area of the traction table can be increased, and force transmission and stress are more uniform. The longitudinal impact of the coupler is large when the train runs. Aiming at the defect, the diameter of the coupler yoke key can be increased, and the fit clearance between the coupler yoke key and the hole is reduced, so that the longitudinal impact is reduced. As described in more detail below.
The materials of the prior 16 and 17 type car couplers and coupler knuckles used by heavy-duty trucks are cast E-grade steel, the grade is 25MnCrNiMoA, the 16 and 17 type coupler tail frames are forged E-grade steel, the grade is ZG25MnCrNiMo, and the mechanical properties of the steel are shown in tables 1-1 and 1-2.
TABLE 1-1 mechanical Properties of E-grade steels
TABLE 1-2E grades of Steel chemistry
| C | Si | Mn | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | P | Fe |
| .26 | 0.36 | 1.4 | 0.022 | 0.5 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.03 | Balance of |
The structural improvement mainly refers to simulation calculation: and through structural optimization theory, method and repeated calculation comparison, the stress of the structure is reduced. Finally determining the modification condition of the traction table structure, specifically: the coupler mainly transfers load through a contact area, so that three-dimensional surface-surface contact is established to carry out transfer calculation on the coupler, a coupler finite element model is established by using Hypernesh, a high-order tetrahedron unit is adopted, the unit type is SOLIDS187, and the unit size is 4 mm. Firstly generating a 4 mm-sized quadrangle and triangle mixed unit on the surface of the coupler, and then dividing the tetrahedron units by adopting a method for cutting the quadrangle units, wherein the number of the units is 3026981. The car coupler contacts with: hook body traction table-knuckle traction table contact, knuckle S-surface contact, knuckle-knuckle pin contact, and knuckle-knuckle pin contact. The target surface unit uses target 170 and the contact surface unit uses CONTA174, ignoring initial penetration and preserving initial gap, the calculation process allows automatic update of contact stiffness to improve calculation convergence. The structure static strength was evaluated with von Mises stress.
Since the traction table crack is mainly caused by the tensile load, the boundary conditions are set as follows: one end of the coupler restrains displacement in three directions, the other end of the coupler exerts tensile load of 800kN, and the contact part of the coupler knuckle and the lock iron exerts transverse restraint.
The average von mises stress at the coupler body node is viewed when the coupler is subjected to 800 kN. The most dangerous parts appear at the root of the upper and lower traction tables of the hook body. The specific calculation results are shown in Table 2-1.
TABLE 2-1 coupler model stress results
And aiming at the calculation result of the original model, the structure is improved, and the optimization improvement is mainly carried out on the upper traction table, the lower traction table and the connecting part of the upper traction table and the lower traction table of the coupler body of the car coupler.
As shown in fig. 1-3, for the upper traction table 1, a first connecting part is arranged at the connecting part of the rib plate 5 and the upper traction table 1, and has an arc with a radius of 20mm (R5), the arc length is 15mm, the radius of the arc at the inner side of the upper traction table 1 is 70mm (R3), and the length is 60 mm; the radius of the outer circular arc is 150mm (R4), and the length is 80 mm. The distance between the two arcs (i.e. the width) was 33 mm. While reducing its height, which is 25mm (H1). For the lower traction table 2, the radius of the inner arc is 70mm (R6), the length is 65mm, the radius of the outer arc is 150mm (R7), and the length is 90 mm. The radius of the junction between the inner and outer circular arcs was 15mm (R8). The distance (width) between the two arcs was 33 mm. While increasing its height, 35mm (H2). For the connection side of the upper traction table 1 and the lower traction table 2 and the hook body, a second connection part and a third connection part (including circular arcs) are arranged at the same time for transition, and the circular arc radiuses R1 and R2 are 30 mm.
After the upper traction table 1 is improved, the root connecting part is smoother, and after the height is increased, the contact stress area is obviously increased.
After the lower traction table 2 is improved, the root part of the lower traction table is smoother with the surrounding contact part, which is beneficial to reducing stress concentration, and after the length and the height are increased, the contact area between the lower traction table and a coupler knuckle can be enlarged, so that the stress is more uniform.
Similarly, the calculation boundary conditions and the grid size of the coupler are the same as those of the original model, the static strength of the improved coupler body of the coupler is calculated, the average von mises stress of the node of the coupler body is checked, and the most dangerous parts appear at the roots of the upper traction table 1 and the lower traction table 2 of the coupler body. The specific calculation results are shown in Table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1 coupler model stress results
TABLE 3-2 comparison of stress results before and after coupler model improvement
The results (table 3-2) are compared and analyzed, and the stress condition of the coupler upper traction table 1 and the coupler lower traction table 2 is improved after the structures are improved. It can be seen from the table above that the root stresses of the upper traction table 1 and the lower traction table 2 can be reduced by about ten percent, which shows that the new structure can effectively improve the stress concentration and reduce the value of the non-smooth stress at the transition position, and has a certain reference value for prolonging the service life of the coupler.
The invention optimizes the structure of the traction table, increases the root transition arc radius of the upper traction table 1 and the lower traction table 2 as much as possible, and optimizes the rigidity change of the cross section so as to solve the problem of large stress of the existing hook body traction table. Meanwhile, aiming at the phenomenon that the upper traction table 1 and the lower traction table 2 are not uniformly stressed, the gap between the upper traction table 1 and the lower traction table 2 is reasonably controlled, the height of the upper traction table 1 is properly reduced, the height of the lower traction table 2 is increased, and the lengths of the upper traction table 1 and the lower traction table 2 are increased, so that the purpose of increasing the contact area of the traction tables is achieved.
In addition, the diameter of the coupler yoke key can be increased and set to be 43mm, so that the fit clearance between the coupler yoke key and the hole is reduced, the longitudinal coupling clearance of the coupler is reduced, the impact on a coupler traction table is reduced, and the crack generation probability is reduced.
By the technical scheme, the coupler body of the coupler provided by the invention comprises the following components: go up and pull platform, gusset, coupler body main part down, still include: the first connecting part is provided with an arc concave surface and is connected with the upper traction table and the rib plate; a second connecting part having a circular arc concave surface, connecting the upper traction table and the hook body; and a third connecting part with a circular arc concave surface, which connects the lower traction table and the hook body. The coupler body can reduce stress concentration of the coupler and improve fatigue strength of the coupler.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention within the technical idea of the embodiments of the present invention, and the simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention do not describe every possible combination.
Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by a program, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a single chip, a chip, or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps in the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In addition, any combination of various different implementation manners of the embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the embodiments of the present invention should be considered as disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention as long as the combination does not depart from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A coupler body, comprising:
go up and pull platform, lower platform, gusset, coupler body main part of pulling, the inboard circular arc radius of pulling the platform on is 70mm, and length is 60mm, and outside circular arc radius is 150mm, and length is 80mm, the inboard circular arc radius of pulling the platform down is 70mm, and length is 65mm, and outside circular arc radius is 150mm, and length is 90mm, still includes:
the first connecting part is provided with an arc concave surface and is connected with the upper traction table and the rib plate, the radius of the arc concave surface of the first connecting part is 20mm, and the length of the arc concave surface of the first connecting part is 15 mm;
the second connecting part is provided with an arc concave surface, the upper traction table and the hook body main body are connected, and the radius of the arc concave surface of the second connecting part is 30 mm; and
the third connecting part is provided with an arc concave surface and is connected with the lower traction table and the hook body main body, and the radius of the arc concave surface of the third connecting part is 30 mm.
2. The coupler body of claim 1, wherein the upper pulling platform has a height of 25 mm.
3. The coupler body of claim 1, wherein the lower draft sill has a height of 35 mm.
4. The coupler body of claim 1, wherein the distance between the inner arc and the outer arc of the top pulling platform is 33mm, and the distance between the inner arc and the outer arc of the bottom pulling platform is 33 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910505784.6A CN110171438B (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Coupler body of car coupler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910505784.6A CN110171438B (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Coupler body of car coupler |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110171438A CN110171438A (en) | 2019-08-27 |
| CN110171438B true CN110171438B (en) | 2020-11-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910505784.6A Active CN110171438B (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Coupler body of car coupler |
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Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4976362A (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1990-12-11 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Pulling lug for railway vehicle coupler |
| US4976363A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1990-12-11 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Knuckle pin retainer for railway vehicle coupler |
| US5145076A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-09-08 | Zeftek, Inc. | Plastic knuckle pin with annular relief grooves for preventing pin failure due to fatigue |
| CN203996264U (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-10 | 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Coupler body traction table |
| CN108583612B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2024-01-19 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | Coupler and coupler body thereof |
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