CN110170372B - Method for treating mixed gold ore by flotation and middling leaching process - Google Patents
Method for treating mixed gold ore by flotation and middling leaching process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110170372B CN110170372B CN201910441072.2A CN201910441072A CN110170372B CN 110170372 B CN110170372 B CN 110170372B CN 201910441072 A CN201910441072 A CN 201910441072A CN 110170372 B CN110170372 B CN 110170372B
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating mixed gold ore by a flotation and middling leaching process, which relates to the field of gold ore dressing technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gold ore dressing technology, in particular to a method for treating mixed gold ore by a flotation and middling leaching process.
Background
It is known that mixed gold ore mainly refers to valuable element gold respectively existing in sulfide mineral and oxide mineral, and the purpose of effectively extracting gold is difficult to achieve by adopting a conventional or single dressing and smelting method in the development and utilization processes of the ore. According to the occurrence state of gold, most of sulfides are pyrite, the gold can be better recovered by adopting a flotation process, and the gold in the occurrence and oxidation minerals (quartz, limonite and other minerals) is mainly recovered by adopting a cyanidation leaching process. Thus, the conventional treatment process for the mixed gold ore is formed: the flotation and tailing cyanidation leaching process can completely recover gold in the mixed ore, and the specific process is shown in figure 1.
Aiming at mixed gold ore, according to the process mineralogy characteristics of gold, a flotation and flotation tailing cyanidation process is generally adopted for recovery, but the process inevitably has the following problems:
1. the recovery rate of the gold by flotation is low, usually 50-60%, and the gold grade in the tailings is higher and reaches about 0.5 g/ton;
2. the gold in the flotation tailings is recovered by adopting a full-mud cyanidation process, so that the environmental pollution problem is not ignored, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a method for treating mixed gold ore by a flotation and middling leaching process, which can effectively replace the existing flotation and tailing cyaniding process, effectively reduce the existing production cost, reduce the discharge amount of dangerous waste and the like while ensuring the gold recovery rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for treating mixed gold ore by a flotation and middling leaching process specifically comprises the following steps:
grinding raw ores, performing primary roughing, secondary roughing, three-stage roughing and four-stage roughing to obtain primary concentrate and final tailings, enabling gold-loaded minerals to float upwards through efficient collecting agents and prolonging flotation time in the primary roughing, the secondary roughing, the three-stage roughing and the four-stage roughing, and performing rough concentration, primary concentration, secondary concentration and fine scavenging to obtain middlings and final gold concentrate after the primary concentrate is reground;
secondly, connecting the first-stage concentration tailings and the fine scavenging concentrate to the rough concentration operation, and returning the second-stage concentration tailings to the first-stage concentration operation;
and thirdly, the middlings obtained by flotation are leached to obtain gold-containing pregnant solution.
According to the method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching processes, in the first step, raw ores are ground and enter a roughing flotation machine to be roughed in each section, high-efficiency collecting agents added into each ton of raw ores are an MB collecting agent 90g/t and a butylammonium-black collecting agent 30g/t, foaming agent No. 2 oil 9g/t is added, and flotation agents are added in sections to obtain primary ore concentrates mainly composed of gold-carrying sulfides with different monomer dissociation and intergrowth degrees.
In the method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process, the first step of middling grinding is carried out by adopting a ball mill for grading, the raw ore is ground until 62% of granular ore with the grain size of-0.074 mm is ground, the raw ore enters a first-stage roughing step, and coarse grains with the grain size of more than 0.074mm return to the ball mill for continuous ball milling.
The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process comprises the steps that in the first step, primary concentrate enters rough concentration after regrinding, final gold concentrate is obtained after the rough concentration through first-stage concentration and second-stage concentration, middling is obtained by the rough concentration tailings through fine scavenging, useful minerals in the middling are mainly gold-bearing sulfide lean intergrowth, and intermediate products generated in the first-stage concentration, second-stage concentration and fine scavenging operation are returned to the previous operation for recleaning.
In the method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process, in the first step, the primary concentrate is reground to obtain a product with the fineness of-0.074 mm accounting for 90%, the product is subjected to rough concentration operation, and coarse grains with the grain size of more than 0.074mm return to a regrind mill.
In the method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process, after regrinding in the second step, the rough concentration concentrate enters a concentration flotation machine to carry out a section of concentration operation blank concentration to obtain a section of concentration concentrate and concentration tailings, useful minerals in the section of concentration tailings are mainly gold-bearing sulfide poor intergrowth, and the section of concentration tailings returns to the rough concentration operation.
In the method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process, in the second step, the first-stage concentration concentrate enters a concentration flotation machine for second-stage concentration to obtain final gold concentrate and second-stage concentration tailings, and the second-stage concentration tailings are enriched intergrowths and return to the first-stage concentration operation.
In the method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process, in the third step, 1000 g of gold leaching agent and 2000 g of protective alkali calcium oxide are added into each ton of middling, and gold-containing pregnant solution is obtained after stirring and leaching for 48 hours.
The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process comprises the following steps that the main components of a gold leaching agent are sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
after the slag and the tailings are combined in the simultaneous leaching, the cyanide content of the slag and the tailings is greatly reduced, the slag and the tailings meet the national solid waste discharge requirement, the slag-free and solid waste combined mining method has underground filling conditions, potential safety hazards of a tailing pond to downstream areas are eliminated, the mining rate is improved, certain economic, environmental-friendly and safe benefits are achieved, and the slag-free and solid waste combined mining method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a conventional process for extracting gold from mixed gold ores;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the production process for extracting gold from mixed gold ore according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in more detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention;
the method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process is described by combining the attached figure 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, after raw ores are ground, primary concentrate and final tailings are obtained through primary roughing, secondary roughing, third-stage roughing and fourth-stage roughing, grading operation is carried out by a ball mill during grinding, the raw ores are ground until 62% of granular ores with the grain size of-0.074 mm account for the raw ores, the raw ores enter primary roughing, and coarse grains with the grain size larger than 0.074mm return to the ball mill for continuous ball milling; the gold-bearing ore is promoted to float upwards in the first-stage roughing, the second-stage roughing, the third-stage roughing and the fourth-stage roughing through a high-efficiency collecting agent and the prolonged flotation time, and middlings and final gold concentrates are obtained through the rough concentration, the first-stage concentration, the second-stage concentration and the fine scavenging after the primary concentrates are reground; the primary concentrate is reground to obtain a product with the fineness of-0.074 mm accounting for 90%, the product enters a rough concentration operation, and coarse grains with the grain size larger than 0.074mm return to a regrind mill;
the method comprises the following steps of grinding raw ores, feeding the raw ores into a roughing flotation machine to perform roughing operation at each section, adding 90g/t of MB collecting agent and 30g/t of ammonium butyl black collecting agent as high-efficiency collecting agents into each ton of the raw ores, adding 9g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil, and adding flotation agents in sections to obtain primary concentrate mainly composed of gold-carrying sulfides with different monomer dissociation and continuous growth degrees; the method comprises the following steps that (1) the primary concentrate enters rough concentration after regrinding, final gold concentrate is obtained through first-stage concentration and second-stage concentration after the rough concentration, middlings are obtained through fine scavenging of rough concentration tailings, useful minerals in the middlings are mainly gold-bearing sulfide lean intergrowths, and intermediate products generated in the first-stage concentration, second-stage concentration and fine scavenging operation return to the previous operation for recleaning;
step two, the step is connected, the intermediate product generated in the flotation process returns to the operation of the previous flow, namely, the first-stage concentration tailings and the fine scavenging concentrate return to the rough concentration operation, and the second-stage concentration tailings return to the first-stage concentration operation; after regrinding, the rough concentration concentrate enters a concentration flotation machine to carry out a section of concentration operation blank concentration, wherein the blank concentration refers to that no collecting agent, foaming agent and the like are added to obtain a section of concentration concentrate and concentration tailings, useful minerals in the section of concentration tailings are mainly gold-bearing sulfide poor intergrowth, and the section of concentration tailings returns to the rough concentration operation; the first-stage concentration concentrate enters a concentration flotation machine for second-stage concentration to obtain final gold concentrate and second-stage concentration tailings, the second-stage concentration tailings are enriched intergrowths, and the first-stage concentration operation is returned;
thirdly, the middlings obtained by flotation are leached to obtain gold-containing pregnant solution, and finished gold is further obtained; 1000 g of gold leaching agent and 2000 g of protective soda calcium oxide are added into each ton of middlings, gold-containing pregnant solution is obtained after stirring and leaching for 48 hours, and the gold leaching agent mainly comprises sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate and belongs to the category of non-toxic gold leaching.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, after raw ores are ground, primary concentrate and tailings are obtained through first, second, third and fourth stages of rough concentration, and middlings and final gold concentrate are obtained through the primary concentrate through rough concentration, first, second stage of concentration and fine scavenging;
carrying out ball milling-grading operation on raw ore with the gold grade of 1.76g/t until the gold grade is-0.074 mm and accounts for 62%, carrying out first, second, third and fourth stage rough separation, and returning coarse particles with the particle size of more than 0.074mm to continue ball milling. After the ore pulp enters a rough concentration flotation machine, 90g/t of MB collecting agent, 30g/t of butyl ammonium black collecting agent and 9g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil are added into each ton of raw ore, the raw ore pulp is added in sections, the concentration of the ore pulp entering the rough concentration flotation machine is 33%, and the concentration of subsequent rough concentration is reduced to 30%, 28% and 25% in sequence. Roughing is carried out under the condition that natural pH =7 +/-0.5 to obtain primary concentrate and tailings, wherein the primary concentrate mainly comprises gold-carrying sulfides with different monomer dissociation and intergrowth degrees, the gold grade is 5g/t, and the gold grade of the tailings is 0.25 g/t; and (3) performing blank concentration on the primary concentrate, wherein the concentration of concentration pulp of the primary concentrate is 10%, and the blank concentration is performed under the condition that the natural pH =7 +/-0.5, so that the rough concentration concentrate and the rough concentration tailings are obtained.
And secondly, performing fine scavenging on the rough concentration tailings to obtain fine scavenging concentrate and middlings, wherein the concentration of the fine scavenging concentrate is about 8%, the fine scavenging concentrate is coarse gold-carrying poor intergrowth, and returning to the regrinding operation. The rough concentration concentrate is subjected to first-stage and second-stage concentration to obtain concentration tailings and final concentrate, the gold grade of the final gold concentrate is more than 30g/t, the concentration tailings mainly comprise gold-loaded sulfides with different continuous growth degrees, and the gold grade is 1 g/t. Returning the tailings of the fine selection 1 to the rough fine selection operation, and returning the tailings of the second-stage fine selection to the first-stage fine selection operation; and combining a section of concentrated tailings and refined concentrate of the gold-carrying lean intergrowth, returning, regrinding to obtain a product with the fineness of-0.074 mm accounting for 90%, and performing rough concentration operation.
And thirdly, adding 1000 g of gold leaching agent and 2000 g of protective alkali calcium oxide into each ton of middlings, and stirring and leaching for 48 hours to obtain gold-containing pregnant solution.
The average indexes obtained by the test using the method for treating the mixed gold ore by full flotation and middling leaching in the embodiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Process index of the invention
| Product name | Yield (%) | Gold grade (g/ton) | Gold recovery (%) |
| Gold concentrate | 4.21 | 31.09 | 74.16 |
| Gold-containing pregnant solution | / | / | 12.25 |
| Soaking slag | 19.46 | 0.25 | 2.76 |
| Tailings | 76.34 | 0.25 | 10.83 |
| Raw ore | 10.00 | 1.76 | 100.00 |
The gold grade of the flotation middling is 1.36g/t, tailings are obtained after gold leaching operation, the gold grade of the tailings is reduced to 0.25g/t, the gold recovery rate of flotation concentrate is 74.16%, the gold recovery rate of leaching operation is 12.25%, and the total gold yield of flotation and middling leaching operation is 86.41%. The grade of the total tailings of the on-site flotation and the floating tailing leaching is also 0.25g/t, and the gold recovery rate is 86.50%, which shows that the total gold yield obtained by the process aiming at the mixed gold ore is equivalent to that of the conventional process, but the invention reduces the leaching treatment capacity and the production cost, reduces the discharge of cyanided tailings and has economic and environmental protection benefits.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing production process, the invention enriches the gold-bearing minerals in the middling products to the maximum extent, and the yield (19%) of the gold-bearing minerals is far lower than the yield (95%) of flotation tailings, so that the treatment cost of the subsequent leaching process is reduced, and meanwhile, the dosage of the gold leaching agent is correspondingly reduced in proportion, and the influence of the original process on the environment is reduced.
The cyclone sand setting regrinding operation improves the dissociation degree of the gold-carrying lean intergrowth, grinds the gold-carrying lean intergrowth, and the MB collecting agent is modified alkyl xanthate, the ammonium butyrate black is a conventional collecting agent, and the two collecting agents are combined into a high-efficiency collecting agent, so that the MB collecting agent has the advantage of strong collecting capability, is beneficial to floating of the coarse-grained gold-carrying lean intergrowth into primary concentrate, and reduces the grade of flotation tailings.
The invention adopts the flotation and middling leaching process to obtain the total yield of gold for the mixed gold ore, which is equivalent to the existing flotation and floating tail cyanidation process, the treatment cost of the original leaching process link is 100 yuan/ton, and the process cost can be reduced by 35% because the treatment capacity is reduced by 80%, the cost is reduced to 30 yuan/ton, and the link accounts for 50% of the production cost of the existing process. Meanwhile, after the slag and the tailings are combined in leaching, the cyanide content of the slag is reduced to be below 0.5g/l, the national solid waste discharge requirement is met, the underground filling condition is achieved, potential safety hazards of a tailing pond to downstream areas are eliminated, the mining recovery rate is improved, and certain economic, environment-friendly and safe benefits are achieved.
The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The embodiments selected for the purpose of disclosing the invention, are presently considered to be suitable, it being understood, however, that the invention is intended to cover all variations and modifications of the embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for treating mixed gold ore by a flotation and middling leaching process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
grinding raw ores, performing primary roughing, secondary roughing, three-stage roughing and four-stage roughing to obtain primary concentrate and final tailings, enabling gold-loaded minerals to float upwards through efficient collecting agents and prolonging flotation time in the primary roughing, the secondary roughing, the three-stage roughing and the four-stage roughing, and performing rough concentration, primary concentration, secondary concentration and fine scavenging to obtain middlings and final gold concentrate after the primary concentrate is reground;
secondly, connecting the first-stage concentration tailings and the fine scavenging concentrate to the rough concentration operation, and returning the second-stage concentration tailings to the first-stage concentration operation;
and thirdly, the middlings obtained by flotation are leached to obtain gold-containing pregnant solution.
2. The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, crude ores are ground and enter a roughing flotation machine to carry out roughing operation in each section, the high-efficiency collecting agents added into each ton of the crude ores are an MB collecting agent 90g/t and a butyl ammonium black collecting agent 30g/t, foaming agent No. 2 oil 9g/t is added, and flotation agents are added in sections to obtain primary concentrate mainly composed of gold-loaded sulfides with different monomer dissociation and intergrowth degrees.
3. The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the first step, the ore grinding is carried out by adopting a ball mill for grading operation, the raw ore is ground until the particle ore with the particle size of-0.074 mm accounts for 62 percent, the raw ore enters a first-stage roughing step, and coarse particles with the particle size of more than 0.074mm return to the ball mill for continuous ball milling.
4. The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the primary concentrate enters rough concentration after regrinding, the final gold concentrate is obtained after the rough concentration and the first-stage concentration and the second-stage concentration, middlings are obtained after the rough concentration and the tailings are subjected to fine scavenging, useful minerals in the middlings mainly comprise gold-bearing sulfide lean intergrowths, and intermediate products generated in the first-stage concentration, the second-stage concentration and the fine scavenging are returned to the previous operation for recleaning.
5. The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the primary concentrate is reground to obtain a product with the fineness of-0.074 mm accounting for 90%, the product is subjected to rough concentration operation, and coarse grains with the grain size of more than 0.074mm return to the regrind mill.
6. The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the reground rough concentration concentrate enters a concentration flotation machine to carry out a section of concentration operation blank concentration to obtain a section of concentration concentrate and concentration tailings, the useful minerals in the section of concentration tailings are mainly gold-bearing sulfide poor intergrowth, and the section of concentration tailings returns to the rough concentration operation.
7. The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the first-stage concentration concentrate enters a concentration flotation machine for second-stage concentration to obtain final gold concentrate and second-stage concentration tailings, and the second-stage concentration tailings are enriched intergrowths and return to the first-stage concentration operation.
8. The method for treating the mixed gold ore by the flotation and middling leaching process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, 1000 g of gold leaching agent and 2000 g of protective alkali calcium oxide are added into each ton of middling, and gold-containing pregnant solution is obtained after stirring and leaching for 48 hours.
9. The flotation + middling leaching process of claim 8, wherein the mixed gold ore is treated by the flotation + middling leaching process comprising: the main components of the gold leaching agent are sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate.
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