CN110166781B - Video coding method and device, readable medium and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Video coding method and device, readable medium and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
Abstract
The invention discloses a video coding method, a video coding device and a readable medium, which belong to the technical field of video coding, wherein in the method and the device provided by the invention, a current video frame is pre-coded to obtain the pre-coding rate of the current video frame, and the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame are determined; and adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame so that the coding rate is adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame. Since the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude reflects the complexity change degree of the current video frame, the obtained coding rate can adapt to a scene with larger image quality change, and the image quality can be ensured by coding the current video frame by using the coding rate, so that the problem of poor image quality in the scene with larger image quality change in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of video coding technologies, and in particular, to a video coding method, apparatus, and readable medium.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the internet, the application demand of users for watching live videos online is increasing, and for the users, the use experience of the users is directly influenced by the picture quality of the videos. Therefore, it is important to select a suitable video coding algorithm to ensure the quality of video pictures.
The existing video coding algorithm mainly performs code rate control on the premise of ensuring the image quality as much as possible by the idea of controlling the size of the whole file after coding and decoding, but the algorithm has a larger problem, namely: when a scene is suddenly switched from a simple or static picture scene to a complex or large-motion-change scene, the problem of poor quality of image quality switching caused by untimely code rate improvement exists on the basis of the coding parameters and the coding mode control code rate set by a user.
Therefore, how to ensure the picture switching quality in a scene with a large picture change is one of the technical problems to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a video encoding method, an apparatus, and a readable medium, so as to solve a problem in the prior art that picture switching quality is poor in a scene with large picture changes.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a video encoding method, including:
pre-coding a current video frame to obtain the pre-coding rate of the current video frame;
determining the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame;
adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame so that the coding rate is adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame;
and encoding the current video frame by using the determined encoding rate.
In the process, because the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude reflects the complexity change degree of the current video frame, the coding code rate obtained based on the process can adapt to a scene with larger image quality change, and the problem of poor image quality in the scene with larger image quality change in the prior art is solved. In addition, the coded video frame obtained by the method not only can ensure the image quality of the current video frame, but also meets the live broadcast requirement of a user on the video.
Preferably, the adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion variation amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame specifically includes:
judging whether the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude is greater than a comprehensive strength threshold value;
if not, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a subtraction descending principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame;
and if so, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a multiplication rising principle to obtain the coding rate for coding the current video frame.
In the above process, by adopting the principle of multiplicative rising and subtractive falling, the pre-coding rate can be adaptively adjusted based on the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain the coding rate, and meanwhile, the coding rate is ensured to be adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude.
Preferably, the pre-coding rate is adjusted according to a subtractive reduction principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame, and specifically includes:
determining a difference between the texture and motion amplitude integrated intensity and an integrated intensity threshold;
processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient;
determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate.
Preferably, the pre-coding rate is adjusted according to a multiplicative rising principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame, and specifically includes:
determining a difference between the texture and motion variation amplitude integrated intensity and an integrated intensity threshold;
processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjustment coefficient;
determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate is multiplied by the ratio of the difference to a constant.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and adjusting the quantization parameter obtained by pre-coding by using the difference value to obtain the adjusted quantization parameter.
In this way, theoretically, the larger the coding rate is, the better the image quality is, and the smaller the QP value is, the better the image quality is, and in order to obtain better picture quality, the quantization parameter is adjusted based on the above procedure, thereby effectively ensuring the quality of the video frame obtained by coding.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a video encoding apparatus, including:
the pre-coding unit is used for pre-coding the current video frame to obtain the pre-coding rate of the current video frame;
the determining unit is used for determining the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame;
the first adjusting unit is used for adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame so as to enable the coding rate to be adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame;
and the coding unit is used for coding the current video frame by using the determined coding rate.
Preferably, the first adjusting unit is specifically configured to determine whether the integrated intensity of the texture and the motion change amplitude is greater than an integrated intensity threshold; if not, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a subtraction descending principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame; and if so, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a multiplication rising principle to obtain the coding rate for coding the current video frame.
Further, the first adjusting unit is specifically configured to determine a difference between the integrated intensity of the texture and motion change amplitude and an integrated intensity threshold; processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient; determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate.
Preferably, the first adjusting unit is specifically configured to determine a difference between the integrated intensity of the texture and motion change amplitude and an integrated intensity threshold; processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient; determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate is multiplied by the ratio of the difference to a constant.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:
and the second adjusting unit is used for adjusting the quantization parameter obtained by the pre-coding by using the difference value to obtain the adjusted quantization parameter.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable medium, which stores computer-executable instructions for performing a video encoding method provided in this application.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the video encoding methods provided herein.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the video coding method, the video coding device and the readable medium provided by the embodiment of the invention are used for pre-coding a current video frame to obtain the pre-coding rate of the current video frame and determining the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame; adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame so that the coding rate is adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame; and then, the determined coding rate is used for coding the current video frame. Because the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude reflects the complexity change degree of the current video frame, the obtained coding rate can adapt to the scene with larger image quality change, and the coding rate is used for coding the current video frame, so that the image quality is ensured, and the problem of poor image quality in the scene with larger image quality change in the prior art is solved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a process of performing pre-coding processing on a current video frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4a is a schematic flowchart of determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the integrated intensity of texture and motion variation amplitude and the code rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a subtractive reduction principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a process of adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a multiplicative increase principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of encoding and decoding of an absolute survival game according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a user terminal implementing a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The video coding method, the video coding device and the readable medium provided by the embodiment of the invention are used for solving the problem of poor picture switching quality in the scene with large picture change in the prior art.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are merely for illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention relates to technical terms in which:
1. content distribution network: (Content Delivery Network, CDN) to avoid bottlenecks and links on the internet that may affect data transmission speed and stability, so that Content transmission is faster and more stable.
2. Code rate: the number of data bits transmitted in unit time during data transmission is used for coding and decoding each video frame. Frame rate: frame rate, a measure of the number of display Frames measured in Frames Per Second (FPS) or "hertz" Hz, typically FPS is used to describe how many Frames per second a video, electronic drawing or game plays, and hertz is used to describe how many times a display screen's pictures are updated per second.
3. A filter: a frequency-selective device or processing algorithm can pass certain frequency components of a signal while substantially attenuating other frequency components. The filter in the invention refers to the related processing algorithm of the similar ffmpeg filter, and the effect of the video in certain aspects such as brightness, texture and the like can be enhanced through the algorithm.
4. Video multi-method evaluation fusion: (Video multi-method evaluation fusion, VMAF), belongs to a Video quality evaluation mode, and is a set of algorithms and tools for subjectively evaluating the absolute quality of videos, which are open sources of Netflix corporation.
5. 95 charging method: CDNs basically make a monthly balance, i.e.: sampling a bandwidth every 5 minutes, taking 12 points in 1 hour, taking 12 points 24 points in 1 day, taking 12 points 24 points in 1 month, then removing the point with the highest value of 5%, and the rest highest bandwidth is the charging value of 95. The CDN bandwidth of the live broadcast platform adopts a 95 charging method, and the APP cost of the live broadcast platform mainly depends on 5% of the bandwidth peak value.
6. Quantization parameters: (QP) for adjusting the Quantization Parameter size of the discrete cosine transform to output the pre-coding rate, wherein the QP reflects the spatial detail compression condition, and if the QP is smaller, most details are preserved; QP increases, some details are lost, code rate decreases, but image distortion increases and quality decreases.
7. The application program comprises the following steps: an application program, which is a computer program capable of performing one or more specific tasks, has a visual display interface and can interact with a user, and for example, an electronic map, a WeChat, and the like can be referred to as an application program.
When the existing mainstream video coding and decoding algorithm (such as h.264/h.265/vp9) is used for video coding and compression, the code rate is controlled on the premise of ensuring the image quality as much as possible based on coding parameters and coding modes, the idea of the code rate control algorithm is to control the size of the whole file after coding and decoding, and the algorithm has the problem of poor picture quality when the picture scene changes too much.
In order to solve the problem of poor picture quality when a picture scene changes greatly in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a solution, referring to an application scene schematic diagram shown in fig. 1, an application program with a live broadcast function is installed on a user equipment 11, then when a user 10 initiates a live broadcast through the application program with the live broadcast function installed in the user equipment 11, the user sends a live broadcast video to a server 12, but according to a charging rule, the uploaded live broadcast video needs to be charged, for example, a 95 charging method is adopted for charging, in order to control cost in a 95 charging method scene, the present invention provides that a coding rate of each video frame which needs to be uploaded and is acquired by a CDN is determined, then the video frame is encoded by using the determined coding rate, and then the encoded video frame is uploaded to the server 12, so that a bandwidth occupied by the uploaded video frame encoded by each frame can be ensured, therefore, the effect of controlling the cost of the CDN is achieved. In addition, in the prior art, when a scene is suddenly switched from a simple or static image quality scene to a complex or large motion change scene, the image quality effect is fuzzy and the switching quality is poor due to untimely code rate control, the invention provides: pre-coding a current video frame to obtain the pre-coding rate of the current video frame, and determining the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame; adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude so that the adjusted pre-coding rate is adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame; and determining the adjusted pre-coding rate as the coding rate for coding the current video frame. The comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude represents the image change and the complexity change degree of the current video frame compared with the previous video frame, the pre-coding rate is adjusted by utilizing the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude, so that the adjusted pre-coding rate is adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame, the obtained coding rate for coding the current video frame, namely the adjusted pre-coding rate, can adapt to a scene with large image quality change, the coding rate is utilized to code the current video frame, the image quality is ensured, and the problem of poor image quality in the scene with large image quality change in the prior art is solved.
Similarly, when the user 10 watches live broadcast initiated by another person through the application program with live broadcast function installed in the user equipment 11, it needs to download other initiated live broadcast videos from the server 12, and when downloading live broadcast videos initiated by another person, an operation of video decoding is involved, which is an inverse operation of video encoding, and an adopted decoding rate corresponds to an encoding rate of the video, which is not described in detail herein.
In addition, the video coding method provided by the invention can also be applied to short video application programs.
The user equipment 11 and the server 12 are communicatively connected through a network, which may be a local area network, a wide area network, or the like. The user equipment 11 may be a portable device (e.g., a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, etc.) or a Personal Computer (PC), the server 12 may be any device capable of providing internet services, and the application program in the user equipment 11 may be an application program with a live broadcast function, such as a goby live broadcast, a live broadcast with a live broadcast function, and a tiger live broadcast, etc.
In the following, a data query method provided according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to fig. 2 to 9 in conjunction with the application scenario of fig. 1. It should be noted that the above application scenarios are merely illustrated for the convenience of understanding the spirit and principles of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited in this respect. Rather, embodiments of the present invention may be applied to any scenario where applicable.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic flowchart of a video encoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s11, pre-coding the current video frame to obtain the pre-coding rate of the current video frame.
In this step, the acquired current video frame may be pre-encoded according to the encoding parameters and the encoding mode to obtain the encoding rate, which may specifically refer to the schematic diagram shown in fig. 3. Performing motion estimation and motion compensation on an input current video frame to obtain a residual error between the current video frame and a previous video frame; then, the residual error is respectively executed in two processes, wherein the first process comprises the following steps: calculating the spatial complexity of the residual error, and determining a quantization parameter QP of the residual error according to the spatial complexity, a global complexity measurement result calculated based on the previous video frame coding, and the saturation of the virtual buffer, and a second process: and performing discrete cosine transform on the residual error by using the adjusted QP so as to obtain the pre-coding rate of the current video frame.
In the invention, the residual error between the current video frame and the previous video frame is utilized for pre-coding, because the background pictures of the front and the back video frames are invariable in a certain time period in general, and the background picture is coded in the previous video frame, the current video frame does not need to code the background picture. For example, the background picture in the QQ double video is not changed for a certain period of time, and the previous video frame has already encoded the background picture, so that the background picture does not need to be encoded for the current video frame, thereby improving the encoding efficiency.
It should be noted that each video frame is divided into different macroblocks, for example, the video frame is divided into 16 × 16 macroblocks, 16 × 8 macroblocks, 8 × 8 macroblocks, and so on, and then the above-mentioned pre-encoding rate determination process is performed in units of macroblocks.
Preferably, the encoding parameters in the present invention can be, but are not limited to: quantization parameter QP, motion block information, code rate (bit rate), complexity, and Group of pictures (GOP) settings, etc.
And S12, determining the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame.
In particular, a texture intensity detection algorithm and a motion detection algorithm may be employed to determine the texture and motion amplitude integrated intensity of the current video frame. The texture intensity detection algorithm in the present invention can be but is not limited to sobel operator edge detection algorithm, etc. The motion detection algorithm in the present invention can be, but is not limited to: a moving object detection ViBe algorithm, a Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm, a Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) algorithm, and the like.
Based on the two detection algorithms, for example, a sobel operator edge detection algorithm may be used to determine the texture change strength of the current video frame, a ViBe algorithm may be used to determine the motion scene change strength of the current video frame, and the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame may be determined based on the two change strengths, for example, the two change strengths may be subjected to an average calculation or a weighted summation calculation, etc., to determine the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame, or of course, other methods may be used to determine the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame based on the two change strengths.
S13, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame, so that the coding rate is adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame.
And S14, coding the current video frame by using the determined coding rate.
By adopting the method, aiming at the collected current video frame, the coding rate of the video frame is determined by utilizing the video coding method provided by the invention, and then the video frame is coded by utilizing the determined coding rate, so that the quality of the current video frame can be ensured and the live broadcast requirement of a user on the video can be met by the coded video frame obtained by the method.
Preferably, step S13 can be performed according to the method shown in fig. 4a, which includes the following steps:
s21, judging whether the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame is larger than a comprehensive strength threshold value, if so, executing a step S23; otherwise, step S22 is executed.
In this step, the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength is used to represent the image change and complexity change degree of the current video frame, and the image change and complexity change degree of the current video frame can be obtained by comparing the texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame with the comprehensive strength threshold. Referring to fig. 4b, if it is determined that the composite strength of the texture and motion change amplitude is greater than the composite strength threshold, it indicates that the image change and the complexity change of the current video frame are increased, which may be understood as a scene in which the video is switched from a static picture to a complex picture, and the pre-coding rate is adjusted according to the multiplicative increase principle in the scene, that is, step S23 is executed to obtain the coding rate for coding the current video frame; if the sum is not greater than the composite strength threshold, the image change and complexity change of the current video frame are reduced, which may be understood as a scene in which the video is switched from a dynamic picture to a static picture, and the pre-encoding rate is adjusted according to a subtraction reduction principle in the scene, that is, step S22 is executed to obtain the encoding rate for encoding the current video frame.
The integrated intensity threshold in the present invention is not limited to 40 alone. The comprehensive strength threshold value represents a judgment threshold value of the switching change size of the image scene, and after the texture and motion change detection result of each video frame is determined, the judgment threshold value is converted into a value between (0) and (100), and the value is recorded as the comprehensive strength of the texture and motion change amplitude of the video frame.
And S22, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a subtraction descending principle to obtain the coding rate for coding the current video frame.
In this step, it is determined based on step S21 that the live video is a scene in which a dynamic picture is switched to a static picture, and in order to ensure the picture switching quality, it is theoretically better that the video quality is higher in the code rate, and if it is determined according to the existing method that the code rate is suddenly reduced, the code rate is reduced, which may cause a picture blur phenomenon, and in order to avoid this problem, the present invention proposes to adopt a principle of reducing the reduction to slowly reduce the code rate, thereby ensuring that the picture switching is smoother.
Preferably, step S22 can be executed according to the flow shown in fig. 5, which includes the following steps:
and S31, determining the difference between the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame and the comprehensive strength threshold.
In this step, t represents the determined texture and motion change amplitude integrated strength, and th represents the integrated strength threshold, so that the difference d may be represented as: d-t-th.
It should be noted that, the value of the texture and motion amplitude comprehensive strength t in the present invention is (0, 100).
And S32, processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjustment coefficient.
In this step, a sigmoid () function may be used to perform a nonlinear processing on the difference d, where the sigmoid () function in the present invention is a nonlinear function of a neuron, and the expression thereof is:
an adjustment coefficient obtained based on the sigmoid () function is represented by f, and the expression of the adjustment coefficient f is as follows:
it is noted that the flow of executing steps S31-S33 is performed under the premise that d is t-th ≦ 0, which is analyzed to obtainThe adjustment coefficient shows a decay trend, so that the coding rate can be slowly reduced.
S33, determining the coding rate for coding the current video frame as follows: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate.
In this step, the determined coding rate for coding the current video frame may be expressed according to formula (1):
C＝f*r (1)
wherein, C is the coding rate for coding the current video frame; r is the precoding rate obtained in step S11.
Based on this, an adjusted pre-coding rate, i.e. a coding rate C for coding the current video frame, can be obtained. The obtained coding rate is slowly reduced because the adjustment coefficient f is in the attenuation trend, so that when the dynamic picture is switched to the static picture, the coding rate obtained by using the formula (1) can be adapted to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame, the picture quality of the current video frame obtained by coding is ensured after the current video frame is coded by using the coding rate, and meanwhile, the picture is switched more smoothly when the dynamic picture is switched to the static picture, and the picture blurring phenomena such as saw teeth and the like can not occur.
S23, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the multiplication rising principle to obtain the coding rate for coding the current video frame.
In this step, it has been determined based on step S21 that the live video is a scene in which a static picture is switched to a dynamic picture, and if the prior art is adopted, the picture switching quality is poor, and blocking sawteeth and noise are large.
Preferably, step S23 can be executed according to the flow shown in fig. 6, which includes the following steps:
and S41, determining the difference between the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame and the comprehensive strength threshold.
This step may refer to the description of step S31, and the description will not be repeated here.
And S42, processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjustment coefficient.
The implementation of this step can refer to the description of step S32, and the formula of the adjustment coefficient is also:
however, the present invention executes the process shown in steps S41 to S43 on the premise that d is t-th > 0, and the adjustment coefficient in step S42 is analyzed to be increasing, so that the encoding rate can be increased.
S43, determining the coding rate for coding the current video frame as follows: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate is multiplied by the ratio of the difference to a constant.
Wherein the constant k is k 2 Divided by k 1 Namely:
in this step, the determined coding rate for coding the current video frame may be expressed according to formula (2):
wherein, C is the coding rate for coding the current video frame; r is the precoding rate obtained in step S11.
Based on the formula (2), the coding rate for coding the current video frame is determined in the scene that the live video is switched from the static picture to the dynamic picture, and since f, r and d in the formula (2) are all larger than zero, and the adjustment coefficient is increasing, the coding rate which can be quickly increased can be achieved, and since the coding rate is quickly increased, the coding rate obtained by adjusting the pre-coding rate upwards can be adapted to the larger comprehensive strength of texture and motion change amplitude. After the current video frame is coded based on the coding code rate, the switching quality of the picture when the static picture is switched to the dynamic picture is ensured, and blocking sawteeth, noise and the like are effectively reduced.
K in the invention 2 The value of (c) can be determined according to a service scene, for example, k is k in a live video service scene 2 The value may be 30, etc., which is empirically determined in a live scene. Since it is required that when the precoding rate is adjusted upward by using the multiplicative increase principle, the adjusted precoding rate should not exceed 2 times of the precoding rate, and tmax is 100, where the difference d is 100-40 to 60, 60 is exactly 2 times of 30, and when t is less than 100, the ratio of the difference d to 30 is less than 2, so the difference d is divided by 30 in equation (2).
It is worth noting that in the invention, when the coding rate is improved, the maximum coding rate C is set max If the coding rate for coding the current video frame is obtained based on step S43, it is still required whether the coding rate is less than C max If not, the current video frame is coded by using the coding rate obtained in the step S43; and if so, encoding the current video frame by using the maximum encoding rate.
Preferably, when it is determined that the coding rate for coding the current video frame is obtained in a scene where the image change and the complexity change of the current video frame are increased based on the process shown in fig. 6, and the quantization parameter needs to be adjusted, the method further includes:
and adjusting the quantization parameter obtained by pre-coding by utilizing the difference value to obtain the adjusted quantization parameter.
Specifically, the adjusted quantization parameter can be obtained according to formula (3):
in formula (3), QP' is the adjusted quantization parameter; QP is a quantization parameter value obtained when the current video frame is pre-coded; k is a radical of 2 The same as the formula (2), can be adjusted according to the service scene, and is in the live video fieldUnder the scene, k 2 30 may be taken.
Specifically, theoretically, the higher the coding rate, the better the image quality, and the lower the QP value, the better the image quality, and in order to obtain better picture quality, the quantization parameter can be decreased according to equation (3). It should be noted that, the value range of the quantization parameter QP in the present invention is: [1,55].
Based on the method provided by the invention, the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame are judged, and if the texture and the motion change trend are reduced, the subtraction principle is adopted as much as possible to ensure that the coding code rate is smoothly reduced; if the texture and motion change trend is larger, the coding code rate is increased by using multiplication as much as possible, and other related parameters such as quantization parameters are adjusted rapidly, so that the picture switching is smoother, in the Tencent cloud video, the bandwidth peak value of a user is taken according to a 95 charging method for charging, and an average value is obtained every 5 minutes, so that the coding code rate which is increased rapidly by the scene switching is finally averaged and the peak value is clipped according to the 95 charging method, the user cost is not increased, but the video pictures are balanced and smooth relatively.
Further, by adopting the video coding method provided by the invention, the subjective image quality VMAF score and the PSNR score of the obtained coded video are both improved by 10%, and the comparison schematic diagram of absolute survival game coding and decoding shown in fig. 7 is referred, so that the fully-explained method is suitable for charging the CDN according to the 95 charging method, and the cost of the CDN is effectively controlled. In addition, the method provided by the invention can be well applied to application programs such as firecat, panda, tiger teeth, goby, visitor and Tengchongyun videos.
The video coding method provided by the invention adjusts the pre-coding rate obtained based on the pre-coding of the current video frame by utilizing the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame, so that the obtained coding rate can be adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame, and the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude reflects the complexity change degree of the current video frame, therefore, the obtained coding rate can be adaptive to a scene with larger image quality change, the image quality is ensured by utilizing the coding rate to code the current video frame, and the problem of poor image quality in the scene with larger image quality change in the prior art is solved.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a video encoding apparatus, and because the principle of the apparatus for solving the problem is similar to that of the video encoding method, the implementation of the apparatus can refer to the implementation of the method, and repeated details are not repeated.
As shown in fig. 8, a schematic structural diagram of a video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a pre-coding unit 51, configured to pre-code a current video frame to obtain a pre-coding rate of the current video frame;
a determining unit 52, configured to determine a texture and motion change amplitude comprehensive strength of the current video frame;
a first adjusting unit 53, configured to adjust the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion variation amplitude, so as to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame, so that the coding rate is adapted to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion variation amplitude of the current video frame;
and an encoding unit 54, configured to encode the current video frame with the determined encoding rate.
Preferably, the first adjusting unit 53 is specifically configured to determine whether the integrated intensity of the texture and the motion variation amplitude is greater than an integrated intensity threshold; if not, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a subtraction descending principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame; if so, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a multiplication rising principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame.
Preferably, the first adjusting unit 53 is specifically configured to determine a difference between the integrated intensity of the texture and motion change amplitude and an integrated intensity threshold; processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient; determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate.
Preferably, the first adjusting unit 53 is specifically configured to determine a difference between the integrated intensity of the texture and motion change amplitude and an integrated intensity threshold; processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient; determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate is multiplied by the ratio of the difference to a constant.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:
and the second adjusting unit is used for adjusting the quantization parameter obtained by the pre-coding by using the difference value to obtain the adjusted quantization parameter.
For convenience of description, the above parts are separately described as modules (or units) according to functional division. Of course, the functionality of the various modules (or units) may be implemented in the same or in multiple pieces of software or hardware in practicing the invention.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a user terminal, a schematic structural diagram of which can be shown in fig. 9, and the user terminal provided by the present invention can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, and the like. The user terminal may include: memory 61, input module 62, transmission module 63, reception module 64, output module 65, wireless communication module 66, processor 67, and the like. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
The input module 62 may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, and the like, and is configured to receive numbers, character information, or touch operations input by a user, and generate input of key signals related to user settings and function control of the user terminal, for example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the input module 62 may receive live broadcast operations performed by the user on an application program, and the like.
The sending module 63 may provide an interface between the user terminal and the server.
The receiving module 64 also provides an interface between the user terminal and the server.
The output module 65 may include a Display module such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), etc., wherein the Display module may be used to Display information input by a user or information provided to the user, or menus, user interfaces, etc., of various user terminals or payment platforms. For example, the embodiment of the present invention may be used to present a live video triggered by a user or a live video downloaded from a server to the user.
The wireless communication module 66 includes, but is not limited to, a wireless fidelity (WiFi) module, a bluetooth module, an infrared communication module, and the like.
The processor 67 is a control center of the user terminal, connects various parts of the entire user terminal using various interfaces and lines, and performs various functions of the user terminal and processes data by operating or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 61 and calling data stored in the memory 61, thereby performing overall monitoring of the user terminal.
Of course, the configuration of the user terminal shown in fig. 9, which is merely one example, may include more or fewer components than shown, or some components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components.
In some possible embodiments, the aspects of the video encoding method provided by the present invention may also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code for causing a computer device to execute the steps in the video encoding method or the steps in the encoding method according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention described above in this specification when the program product runs on the computer device, for example, the computer device may execute the video encoding flow in steps S11 to S14 shown in fig. 2.
The program product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The program product for the video encoding method of the embodiments of the present invention may employ a portable compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may be run on a computing device. However, the program product of the present invention is not limited in this regard and, in the present document, a readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable signal medium may be any readable medium that is not a readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of a remote computing device, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device over any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., over the internet using an internet service provider).
It should be noted that although several units or sub-units of the apparatus are mentioned in the above detailed description, such division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functions of two or more of the units described above may be embodied in one unit, according to embodiments of the invention. Conversely, the features and functions of one unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of units.
Moreover, while the operations of the method of the invention are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this does not require or imply that the operations must be performed in this particular order, or that all of the illustrated operations must be performed, to achieve desirable results. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step execution, and/or one step broken down into multiple step executions.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A video encoding method, comprising:
pre-encoding a current video frame to obtain a pre-encoding rate of the current video frame, which specifically comprises the following steps: performing motion estimation and motion compensation on an input current video frame to obtain a residual error between the current video frame and a previous video frame, calculating the spatial complexity of the residual error, determining a quantization parameter of the residual error according to the spatial complexity, a global complexity measurement result obtained based on coding calculation of the previous video frame and the saturation of a virtual buffer area, and obtaining the pre-coding rate of the current video frame by using the determined quantization parameter of the residual error;
determining the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame;
adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame so that the coding rate is adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame;
encoding the current video frame by using the determined encoding rate;
adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame, specifically comprising:
judging whether the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude is greater than a comprehensive strength threshold value;
if not, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a subtraction descending principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame;
and if so, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a multiplication rising principle to obtain the coding rate for coding the current video frame.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a subtractive descent rule to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame comprises:
determining a difference between the texture and motion amplitude integrated intensity and an integrated intensity threshold;
processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient, wherein the expression of the nonlinear function sigmoid () is as follows:
d is the difference;
determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a multiplicative boosting principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame comprises:
determining a difference between the texture and motion amplitude integrated intensity and an integrated intensity threshold;
processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient, wherein the expression of the nonlinear function sigmoid () is as follows:
d is the difference;
determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment factor and the pre-coding rate is multiplied by the ratio of the difference to a constant.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
and adjusting the quantization parameter obtained by pre-coding by using the difference value to obtain the adjusted quantization parameter.
5. A video encoding apparatus, comprising:
a pre-coding unit, configured to pre-code a current video frame to obtain a pre-coding rate of the current video frame, where the pre-coding unit is further configured to: performing motion estimation and motion compensation on an input current video frame to obtain a residual error between the current video frame and a previous video frame, calculating the spatial complexity of the residual error, determining a quantization parameter of the residual error according to the spatial complexity, a global complexity measurement result obtained based on coding calculation of the previous video frame and the saturation of a virtual buffer area, and obtaining the pre-coding rate of the current video frame by using the determined quantization parameter of the residual error;
the determining unit is used for determining the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame;
the first adjusting unit is used for adjusting the pre-coding rate according to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame so as to enable the coding rate to be adaptive to the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude of the current video frame;
the encoding unit is used for encoding the current video frame by using the determined encoding code rate;
the first adjusting unit is specifically configured to determine whether the comprehensive strength of the texture and the motion change amplitude is greater than a comprehensive strength threshold; if not, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a subtraction descending principle to obtain a coding rate for coding the current video frame; and if so, adjusting the pre-coding rate according to a multiplication rising principle to obtain the coding rate for coding the current video frame.
6. The apparatus of claim 5,
the first adjusting unit is specifically configured to determine a difference between the integrated intensity of the texture and the motion change amplitude and an integrated intensity threshold; processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient; determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: the product of the adjustment coefficient and the pre-coding rate, wherein the nonlinear function sigmoid () is expressed as:
d is the difference.
7. The apparatus of claim 5,
the first adjusting unit is specifically configured to determine a difference between the integrated intensity of the texture and the motion change amplitude and an integrated intensity threshold; processing the difference value by adopting a nonlinear function sigmoid () to obtain an adjusting coefficient; determining an encoding rate for encoding the current video frame as: multiplying the product of the adjustment coefficient and the pre-coding rate by the ratio of the difference to a constant, wherein the expression of the nonlinear function sigmoid () is as follows:
d is the difference.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
and the second adjusting unit is used for adjusting the quantization parameter obtained by the pre-coding by using the difference value to obtain the adjusted quantization parameter.
9. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for performing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN110519571A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-11-29 | 天津英田视讯科技有限公司 | A method of based on scene complexity dynamic adjustment coder parameters |
| CN111416986B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-12-10 | 中国建设银行股份有限公司 | Code rate determining method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN112767953B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2024-01-23 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Speech coding method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN113489933A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-10-08 | 青岛海信电子产业控股股份有限公司 | Data transmission equipment and code rate dynamic regulation method |
| CN115484470A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-16 | 武汉斗鱼鱼乐网络科技有限公司 | Method, device, medium and computer equipment for improving quality of live broadcast picture |
| CN114466221B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-02-02 | 杭州华橙软件技术有限公司 | Image processing method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN114401404B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-26 | 深圳比特微电子科技有限公司 | VPU (virtual private Unit) coding strategy implementation method and device |
| CN116074513A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-05 | 北京朝歌数码科技股份有限公司 | Video coding method applied to network camera, computer readable medium and electronic equipment |
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