CN110166137B - Bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device and method - Google Patents
Bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110166137B CN110166137B CN201910451412.XA CN201910451412A CN110166137B CN 110166137 B CN110166137 B CN 110166137B CN 201910451412 A CN201910451412 A CN 201910451412A CN 110166137 B CN110166137 B CN 110166137B
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
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- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bias-irrelevant Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device and method, wherein the device comprises a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a digital-to-analog conversion module, a random number generation module and an optical attenuator; the input end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with an optical pulse signal, and the output end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with an optical attenuator; the random number generation module is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module, and two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module are respectively connected to the radio frequency ports of the two phase modulators of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. According to the invention, two phase modulators are adopted to form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, so that the influence of bias drift of the intensity modulator in the traditional method is avoided, and the stability and the accuracy of the Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation are improved; according to the invention, the problem of matching of optical delay and electric delay between the intensity modulator and the phase modulator in the traditional method is not considered by accurately controlling the optical delay of the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum secret communication, and particularly relates to a bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device and method.
Background
In recent years, with the development of quantum information theory and technology, both theory and experimental research of quantum key distribution technology have been greatly developed. The coherent state-based continuous variable quantum key distribution scheme has the advantages of being easy to realize in experiments, having sufficient compatibility with classical optical communication and the like because the scheme does not need non-classical devices such as a single photon light source and a single photon detector, and is highly valued by the academic and industrial fields at home and abroad.
In order to make the mutual information quantity of both communication parties approach the capacity of an optical fiber channel, a gaussian modulation quantum optical signal is often adopted by a coherent state carrier sent by Alice in a continuous variable quantum key distribution system, so that a device and a method for generating the gaussian modulation quantum optical signal become one of the key technologies for continuous variable quantum key distribution.
At present, the main generation method of gaussian modulation quantum optical signals is to use rayleigh distribution random number anti-sine/cosine voltage to perform amplitude modulation on the effective part of optical pulses, then cascade uniformly distributed random number voltage to perform phase modulation on the effective part of optical pulses, and use rayleigh distribution random number to multiply the cosine of uniformly distributed random number to realize gaussian modulation (d.huang, p.huang, d.k.line and g.h.zeng., "Long-distance control-variable quality distribution by controlling the output noise", Scientific Reports,2016,6(1): 19201.). However, this method is easily affected by the drift of the bias voltage of the intensity modulator, and therefore an extremely complicated bias stabilizing device is required to ensure that the intensity modulator is accurately biased in the optimum state, but the implementation complexity of the bias stabilizing device is high and the difficulty is high. Meanwhile, the method also requires that the light path delay between the Rayleigh distribution random number modulation and the uniform distribution random number modulation is accurately matched with the circuit delay so as to realize that the random number is accurately loaded on the effective part of the optical pulse signal. In summary, the current generation apparatus and method of gaussian modulation quantum optical signals are faced with serious deficiencies in accuracy and stability, and are not favorable for practical development of high-speed and long-distance continuous variable quantum key distribution systems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a bias-independent Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generation device and method, and aims to solve the problems that the Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal in the current continuous variable quantum key distribution system is difficult to generate and is poor in accuracy and stability caused by the bias drift of an intensity modulator.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device comprises a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a digital-to-analog conversion module, a random number generation module and an optical attenuator; the input end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with an optical pulse signal, and the output end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with an optical attenuator; the random number generation module is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module, and two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module are respectively connected to the radio frequency ports of the two phase modulators of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
The invention also provides a bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generating device, which comprises a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a digital-to-analog conversion module, a random number generating module and an optical attenuator, wherein two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module are respectively connected to radio frequency ports of two phase modulators of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer;
(2) the random number generating module generates random numbers, processes the random numbers, and outputs random number voltages from two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module to be loaded to radio frequency ports of the two phase modulators respectively;
(3) the optical pulse signals are input into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and divided into two paths, phase modulation is carried out on the two paths of optical pulse signals in the two phase modulators respectively, and the two paths of optical pulse signals after phase modulation are combined at the tail end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and then attenuated by the optical attenuator to form Gaussian modulation quantum optical signals required by continuous variable quantum key distribution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
according to the invention, two phase modulators are adopted to form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, so that the influence of bias drift of the intensity modulator in the traditional method is avoided, and the stability and the accuracy of the Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation are improved;
according to the invention, the problem of matching of optical delay and electric delay between the intensity modulator and the phase modulator in the traditional method is not considered by accurately controlling the optical delay of the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a bias-independent Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a bias-independent gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generation and detection system.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a bias-independent gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generating device is composed of a phase modulator 1, a phase modulator 2, a digital-to-analog conversion module, a random number generating module and an optical attenuator; the phase modulator 1 and the phase modulator 2 form a mach-zehnder interferometer which can be an optical fiber or a waveguide structure, an optical pulse signal is accessed to an input end of the mach-zehnder interferometer, an optical attenuator is connected to an output end of the mach-zehnder interferometer and used for generating a quantum optical signal, the random number generation module is connected with and controls the output of two channels of the digital-to-analog conversion module, and an output port 1 and an output port 2 of the digital-to-analog conversion module are respectively connected to radio frequency ports of the phase modulator 1 and the phase modulator 2.
The invention also provides a bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device is built and comprises a phase modulator 1, a phase modulator 2, a digital-to-analog conversion module, a random number generation module and an optical attenuator; the phase modulator 1 and the phase modulator 2 form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the output end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with an optical attenuator, the random number generation module is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module, and the output port 1 and the output port 2 of the digital-to-analog conversion module are respectively connected to the radio frequency port of the phase modulator 1 and the radio frequency port of the phase modulator 2;
(2) the random number generating module generates random numbers, processes the random numbers and outputs random number voltages through two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module, wherein the output port 1 outputs random number voltagesThe voltage of the voltage is the sum of the voltage of the uniformly distributed random number and the voltage of the inverse cosine of the Rayleigh distributed random number as V1The voltage output by the output port 2 is the difference between the voltage of the uniformly distributed random number and the inverse cosine voltage of the Rayleigh distributed random number and is used as V2A radio frequency port connected to the phase modulator 2;
(3) the optical pulse signals are input into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and divided into two paths, phase modulation is carried out on the two paths in the phase modulator 1 and the phase modulator 2 respectively, and the two paths of optical pulse signals after phase modulation are combined at the tail end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer to realize Gaussian modulation of the optical pulse signals;
(4) gaussian modulation optical pulse signals output by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer form Gaussian modulation quantum optical signals required by continuous variable quantum key distribution after being attenuated by the optical attenuator.
The principle of the bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation method is as follows:
the optical pulse signal is input into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer built by a phase modulator 1 and a phase modulator 2, divided into two paths and modulated by the phase modulator 1 and the phase modulator 2 respectively, wherein a radio frequency electrode of the phase modulator 1 is loaded with a random number driving electric signal output by an output port 1 of a digital-to-analog conversion module, and the random number driving electric signal is the sum V of uniformly distributed random number voltage and Rayleigh distributed random number inverse cosine voltage1＝U*Vπ1/π+arccos(R)*Vπ1And/pi. Meanwhile, the radio frequency electrode of the phase modulator 2 is loaded with the random number driving electric signal output by the output port 2 of the digital-to-analog conversion module, which is the difference V between the uniformly distributed random number voltage and the reverse cosine voltage of the rayleigh distributed random number2＝U*Vπ2/π-arccos(R)*Vπ2And/pi, the optical field of the Gaussian modulated optical pulse signal output by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is expressed as:
in the formula, F (F)mT) as a function of the initial light pulse，fmIs the repetition frequency of the pulse signal, t is the time, Vπ1And Vπ2The half-wave voltages of the phase modulator 1 and the phase modulator 2 are respectively, and R and U are respectively rayleigh distribution random numbers and uniform distribution random numbers.
Therefore, it can be seen from the formula (1) that the optical pulse output from the output end of the mach-zehnder interferometer constructed by the phase modulator 1 and the phase modulator 2 completes rayleigh distribution random number modulation of the amplitude and uniform distribution random number modulation of the phase, thereby realizing gaussian modulation, and finally the gaussian modulated optical pulse signal forms a gaussian modulated quantum optical signal required by the continuous variable quantum key after being attenuated by the optical attenuator.
Examples
A bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation and detection system shown in FIG. 2 is constructed, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: transmitting the optical pulse signal with high extinction ratio in two paths according to the proportion of 1/99;
step S2: accessing 1/100 optical pulse signal to the bias irrelevant Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generating device of the invention to form the needed Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal;
step S3: 99/100 light pulse light is coupled with a Gaussian modulation quantum light signal through an optical coupler with pi phase difference after proper time delay compensation, and then enters a balance detector for detection, so that extraction and recovery of Gaussian signals are realized, and an original Gaussian random number signal R x cosU is obtained.
Claims (7)
1. An offset-independent gaussian-modulated quantum optical signal generating device, characterized by: the optical attenuator comprises a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a digital-to-analog conversion module, a random number generation module and an optical attenuator; the input end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with an optical pulse signal, and the output end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with an optical attenuator; the random number generation module is connected with the digital-to-analog conversion module, and two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module are respectively connected to the radio frequency ports of the two phase modulators of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
2. The bias-independent gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is in an optical fiber or waveguide structure.
3. The bias-independent gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generator of claim 1, wherein: two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module output two random number driving electric signals to be loaded to radio frequency ports of the two phase modulators respectively.
4. A bias-independent gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating device as defined in claim 3, wherein: the two random number driving electric signals are respectively the sum and difference of uniformly distributed random number voltage and Rayleigh distributed random number arccosine voltage.
5. A bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) building a bias-independent Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generating device, which comprises a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a digital-to-analog conversion module, a random number generating module and an optical attenuator, wherein two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module are respectively connected to radio frequency ports of two phase modulators of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer;
(2) the random number generating module generates random numbers, processes the random numbers, and outputs random number voltages from two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module to be loaded to radio frequency ports of the two phase modulators respectively;
(3) the optical pulse signals are input into the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and divided into two paths, phase modulation is carried out on the two paths of optical pulse signals in the two phase modulators respectively, and the two paths of optical pulse signals after phase modulation are combined at the tail end of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and then attenuated by the optical attenuator to form Gaussian modulation quantum optical signals required by continuous variable quantum key distribution.
6. A bias-independent circuit as claimed in claim 5The method for generating the Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal is characterized in that: one of the random number voltages output by the two output ports of the digital-to-analog conversion module is the sum of the uniformly distributed random number voltage and the Rayleigh distributed random number arccosine voltage as V1One is connected to the radio frequency port of the phase modulator, and the other is the difference between the voltage of the uniformly distributed random number and the inverse cosine voltage of the Rayleigh distributed random number as V2To the radio frequency port of another phase modulator.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises: the optical field of the optical pulse signal modulated by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is as follows:
in the formula: f (F)mT) is the initial light pulse function, fmIs the repetition frequency of the pulse signal, t is the time, Vπ1And Vπ2The half-wave voltages of the two phase modulators are respectively, and R and U are respectively Rayleigh distribution random numbers and uniform distribution random numbers.
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