CN110165269B - Solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110165269B CN110165269B CN201910449451.6A CN201910449451A CN110165269B CN 110165269 B CN110165269 B CN 110165269B CN 201910449451 A CN201910449451 A CN 201910449451A CN 110165269 B CN110165269 B CN 110165269B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/126—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing cerium oxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of solid oxide fuel cells, and particularly relates to a solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte which is a SDC-LNCO composite electrolyte and has a chemical formula of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9‑LiNaCO3(ii) a The SDC-LNCO composite electrolyte is formed by taking SDC as an inner core, LNCO is coated on the surface of the SDC, and the SDC inner core is of a cubic structure. The SDC nanocrystals with regular cubic morphology are synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method, and the growth of SDC particles from a rod-like morphology to a regular cubic morphology can be controlled by adding nitrate into the system. The composite electrolyte obtained by compounding the SDC nano powder with the cubic morphology and the carbonate has high conductivity, the sintering temperature of the composite electrolyte is low, the preparation process is simple, and the industrial production is easy to realize. The method is suitable for medium-low temperature solid oxide fuel cells and related high-performance electrochemical devices thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solid oxide fuel cells, and relates to a solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The medium and low temperature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) puts new requirements on the electrode and electrolyte materials. The key to the development of medium-low temperature SOFCs is to find an electrolyte material with stable structure and high effective ionic conductivity in a medium-low temperature rangeTherefore, the researchers have conducted a lot of research and focused on doping CeO2Doped with Bi2O3Apatite type and perovskite type. The oxygen ion conductivity of the oxides can reach 10 in a medium-low temperature range (400-800 ℃), and-3～10-1s/cm, has been successfully applied as an electrolyte material for medium and low temperature SOFCs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte which has better medium and low temperature performance.
In the invention, SDC is samarium-doped cerium oxide, and LNCO is a mixture of sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate.
The invention is realized by the following scheme: the composite electrolyte of the solid oxide fuel cell is a SDC-LNCO composite electrolyte with a chemical formula of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9-LiNaCO3(ii) a The SDC-LNCO composite electrolyte is formed by taking SDC as an inner core, LNCO is coated on the surface of the SDC, and the SDC inner core is of a cubic structure.
Specifically, the LNCO is in an amorphous phase, the LNCO is coated on the outer surface of the crystalline phase SDC, and the LNCO forms a continuous phase.
The invention also comprises a second technical scheme, and the preparation method of the solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte comprises the following steps:
step one, cerium salt, samarium salt and NaCl are used as raw materials to form a mixed aqueous solution, NaOH solution is added into the mixed aqueous solution, and the mixture is stirred and subjected to hydrothermal reaction to form a product a;
step two, adding the product a formed in the step one into NaNO3Hydrothermally reacting to form a SDC product;
dispersing the SDC product formed in the step two in ethanol to obtain a suspension of SDC nanocrystals;
step four, after LNCO is ball milled for a certain time, adding the SDC nanocrystal suspension obtained in the step three, and continuing ball milling to form a mixture of the SDC nanocrystals and LNCO powder;
and step five, drying, tabletting and calcining the mixture of the SDC nanocrystals and the LNCO powder in the step four to form the SDC/LNCO composite electrolyte.
Preferably, the cerium salt in the first step is CeCl3·7H2O, samarium salt is SmCl3·6H2The molar ratio of O, cerium salt and samarium salt is 4:1, and the NaCl and the CeCl are3·7H2The molar ratio of O is (6.7-50) to 1; SmCl of mixed solution in step one3·6H2The concentration of O is (2-30) mmol/L.
More preferably, the concentration of the NaOH solution in the first step is 12 mol.L-1The dropping speed of the NaOH solution is 30-150 s/ml, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 150-240 ℃, and the reaction time is 12-48 h.
Preferably, NaNO is used in the second step3The molar ratio of the metal Ce to the metal Sm ion is 1:3-3: 1; the hydrothermal reaction temperature of the second step is 150-240 ℃, and the reaction time is 24-48 h.
More preferably, the ball milling of the LNCO in the fourth step is ball milling for 12-36 hours in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 200-400 rpm; and C, after the SDC nanocrystalline suspension in the third step is added in the fourth step, ball milling is continuously carried out for 20-60 min.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the SDC to the LNCO in the fourth step is 1: 4-6: 4.
Further, in the fifth step, the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 2-6 hours.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the calcination temperature is 500-650 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-8 h.
Has the advantages that:
the SDC nanocrystals with regular cubic morphology are synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method, and the growth of SDC particles from a rod-like morphology to a regular cubic morphology can be controlled by adding nitrate into the system. The composite electrolyte obtained by compounding the SDC nano powder with the cubic morphology and the carbonate has high conductivity, at 650 ℃, the proton and oxygen ion conductivities respectively reach 23mS/cm and 21mS/cm, the conductivity is higher than that of the spherical SDC-carbonate composite electrolyte prepared by the traditional method, the sintering temperature of the composite electrolyte is low, the preparation process is simple, the industrial production is easy to realize, and the composite electrolyte is suitable for medium-low temperature solid oxide fuel cells and related high-performance electrochemical devices thereof.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an SEM image of SDC of example 1 of the invention;
figure 2 is an XRD spectrum of the SDC/LNCO composite electrolyte product of example 1 of the invention;
figure 3 is a cross-sectional FESEM profile of the SDC/LNCO composite electrolyte of example 1 of the invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of the conductivity of the SDC/LNCO composite electrolyte of example 1 of the present invention as a function of temperature measured by a dc method under different atmospheres at 400-650 ℃.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the composite electrolyte of the solid oxide fuel cell comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.2mmol of CeCl was weighed3·7H2O and 0.05mmol of SmCl3·6H2O and 5mmol NaCl are added into 8mL deionized water in sequence, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain colorless transparent solution. Under stirring with magneton, 5mL of a solution having a concentration of 12 mol. L was added-1The dropping speed of the NaOH solution is 60s/ml, and then the mixture is stirred for 1.5 hours at the stirring speed of 500r/min, so that uniform light purple suspension is obtained. The suspension was transferred to a 50mL reaction vessel and incubated at 150 ℃ for 48 h.
(2) After the reaction kettle is cooled, stirring the sediment at the bottom of the reaction kettle by a glass rod, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10 times with the ultrasonic power of 200w, and adding 0.25mmol of NaNO into the system3Then, the mixture is continuously transferred to a 50mL reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, and the temperature is kept at 180 ℃ for 36 h. And after the reaction is finished, centrifuging and washing the sediment at the bottom of the reaction kettle at 10000rpm multiplied by 8min to obtain the SDC nanocrystal.
(3) Transferring the SDC nanocrystalline obtained in the step (2) into a beaker, and washing the SDC nanocrystalline for 3 times by using 200mL of deionized water to wash off soluble inorganic salts in a system; and then, washing with 50mL of ethanol for three times, replacing deionized water in the system by using the ethanol, and finally directly dispersing and storing the SDC nanocrystals in the 50mL of ethanol to obtain the suspension of the SDC nanocrystals. Fig. 1 is an SEM photograph of the obtained SDC nanocrystals, and from the photograph, the product is composed of a large number of uniform-sized, well-dispersed, granular nanocrystals, and it can be seen that the particles in the sample have a regular cubic morphology, and the average size of the nanocrystals is 40 nm.
(4) Zirconium balls and LNCO are placed in a 50mL ball milling tank according to the ball-to-material ratio of 2:1, 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a medium, and ball milling is carried out in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 200rpm for 24 hours. Wherein Li in LNCO powder2CO3With Na2CO3Is 52: 48.
(5) And (4) uniformly mixing the SDC nanocrystal suspension in the step (3) and the LNCO powder subjected to ball milling in the step (4), transferring to a 50mL ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 60min at the rotation speed of 200rpm to uniformly mix the SDC nanocrystals and the LNCO powder. Wherein the volume ratio of the SDC nanocrystalline to the LNCO powder is 1: 2. And after the ball milling is finished, transferring the mixed slurry in the ball milling tank, and drying the mixed slurry in an oven at 80 ℃ for 3 hours to ensure that the absolute ethyl alcohol in the mixed slurry is completely volatilized. And pressing the dried powder under the pressure of 200MPa into a wafer with the size of phi 12mm multiplied by 1mm, and finally sintering at 650 ℃ for 2h to obtain the SDC/LNCO composite electrolyte. FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the obtained product, diffraction peaks of the product and fluorite structured CeO2(JCPDS 34-0394) are all consistent and can be considered diffraction peaks for the SDC phase, with no carbonate phase diffraction peaks present, indicating that the LNCO in the composite electrolyte is present in an amorphous state. In the composite electrolyte, the carbonate does not crystallize. No diffraction peaks other than the SDC diffraction peak were found, indicating that no chemical reaction between SDC and LNCO to form a new phase occurred and that alkali metal elements did not enter the SDC lattice.
Fig. 3 is a FESEM graph of a composite electrolyte section, and it can be seen that no obvious air holes exist on the section of the composite electrolyte sintered body, the composite electrolyte sintered body is compact, SDC and amorphous carbonate are uniformly distributed with each other, amorphous carbonate is arranged at a darker place, the section of SDC is arranged at a lighter place, amorphous carbonate is uniformly coated on the surface of SDC nanocrystals and is filled in holes and pores formed by SDC grains to form a continuous phase, and the SDC grains well maintain the cubic morphology characteristics.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the conductivity of the sample measured by the direct current method and the temperature change in different atmospheres at 400-650 ℃. After performing fitting calculation on the Arrhenius curve, the curve is obtained in H2Under the atmosphere, the activation energy is always 0.89eV, while in O2The activation energy was raised from 0.85eV to 1.61eV under the atmosphere. At 650 ℃, the proton and oxygen ion conductivities respectively reach 23mS/cm and 21 mS/cm.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a composite electrolyte of a solid oxide fuel cell comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.4mmol of CeCl was weighed3·7H2O and 0.1mmol of SmCl3·6H2O and 8mmol NaCl are added into 15mL deionized water in sequence, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain colorless transparent solution. Under magnetic stirring, 10mL of a solution with a concentration of 12 mol. L was added-1The dropping speed of the NaOH solution is 80s/ml, and then the mixture is stirred for 1h at the stirring speed of 1000r/min, so that uniform light purple suspension is obtained. The suspension was transferred to a 50mL reaction vessel and incubated at 200 ℃ for 36 h.
(2) After the reaction kettle is cooled, stirring the sediment at the bottom of the reaction kettle by a glass rod, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20 times with the ultrasonic power of 100w, and adding 0.15mmol of NaNO into the system3Then, the mixture is continuously transferred to a 50mL reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, and the temperature is kept at 200 ℃ for 30 h. And after the reaction is finished, centrifuging and washing the sediment at the bottom of the reaction kettle at 8000rpm multiplied by 10min to obtain the SDC nanocrystal.
(3) Transferring the SDC nanocrystalline obtained in the step (2) into a beaker, and washing the SDC nanocrystalline for 3 times by using 200mL of deionized water to wash off soluble inorganic salts in a system; and then, washing the system for three times by using 50mL of ethanol, replacing deionized water in the system by using the ethanol, and finally directly dispersing and storing the nanocrystals in the 50mL of ethanol to obtain the suspension of the SDC nanocrystals.
(4) Putting zirconium balls and LNCO into a 50mL ball-milling tank according to the ball-to-material ratio of 1:1, adding 30mL absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium, and putting the balls in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 300rpmAnd (5) grinding for 18 h. Wherein Li in LNCO powder2CO3With Na2CO3Is 52: 48.
(5) And (4) uniformly mixing the SDC nanocrystal suspension in the step (3) and the LNCO powder subjected to ball milling in the step (4), transferring to a 50mL ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 45min at the rotating speed of 300rpm to uniformly mix the SDC nanocrystals and the LNCO powder. Wherein the volume ratio of the SDC nanocrystalline to the LNCO powder is 3: 4. And after the ball milling is finished, transferring the mixed slurry in the ball milling tank, and drying the mixed slurry in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5 hours to ensure that the absolute ethyl alcohol in the mixed slurry is completely volatilized. And pressing the dried powder under the pressure of 300MPa into a wafer with the size of phi 12mm multiplied by 1mm, and finally sintering at 550 ℃ for 6h to obtain the SDC/LNCO composite electrolyte.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a composite electrolyte of a solid oxide fuel cell comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.6mmol of CeCl was weighed3·7H2O and 0.15mmol of SmCl3·6H2O and 10mmol NaCl are added into 20mL deionized water in sequence, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the solid is completely dissolved to obtain colorless transparent solution. Under magnetic stirring, 12mL of a solution with a concentration of 12 mol. L was added-1The dropping speed of the NaOH solution is 100s/ml, and then the mixture is stirred for 0.5h at the stirring speed of 2000r/min, so that uniform light purple suspension is obtained. The suspension was transferred to a 50mL reaction vessel and incubated at 240 ℃ for 18 h.
(2) After the reaction kettle is cooled, stirring the sediment at the bottom of the reaction kettle by a glass rod, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 times with the ultrasonic power of 80w, and adding 0.25mmol of NaNO into the system3Then, the mixture is transferred to a 50mL reaction kettle to be subjected to hydrothermal reaction, and the temperature is kept at 240 ℃ for 24 hours. After the reaction is finished, the sediment at the bottom of the reaction kettle is obtained by centrifugal washing at 5000rpm multiplied by 15 min.
(3) Transferring the SDC nanocrystalline obtained in the step (2) into a beaker, and washing the SDC nanocrystalline for 3 times by using 200mL of deionized water to wash off soluble inorganic salts in a system; and then, washing with 50mL of ethanol for three times, replacing deionized water in the system by using the ethanol, and finally directly dispersing and storing the nanocrystals in the 50mL of ethanol to obtain the suspension of the SDC nanocrystals.
(4) Zirconium balls and LNCO are placed in a 50mL ball milling tank according to the ball-to-material ratio of 4:1, 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is added as a medium, and ball milling is carried out in a ball mill with the rotating speed of 400rpm for 12 h. Wherein Li in LNCO powder2CO3With Na2CO3Is 52: 48.
(5) And (4) uniformly mixing the SDC nanocrystal suspension obtained in the step (3) with the LNCO powder subjected to ball milling in the step (4), transferring the mixture to a 50mL ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling for 60min under the condition of a rotation speed of 200rpm, so that the SDC nanocrystals are uniformly mixed with the LNCO powder. Wherein the volume ratio of the SDC nanocrystal to the LNCO powder is 5: 4. And after the ball milling is finished, transferring the mixed slurry in the ball milling tank, and drying the mixed slurry in an oven at 80 ℃ for 6 hours to ensure that the absolute ethyl alcohol in the mixed slurry is completely volatilized. And pressing the dried powder under 150MPa pressure to form a wafer with the size of phi 12mm multiplied by 1mm, and finally sintering at 500 ℃ for 8h to obtain the SDC/LNCO composite electrolyte.
The above embodiments are described in detail to explain the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above embodiments are only specific examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications and improvements made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a composite electrolyte of a solid oxide fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, cerium salt, samarium salt and NaCl are used as raw materials to form a mixed aqueous solution, NaOH solution is added into the mixed aqueous solution, and the mixture is stirred and subjected to hydrothermal reaction to form a product a;
step two, adding the product a formed in the step one into NaNO3Hydrothermally reacting to form a SDC product;
dispersing the SDC product formed in the step two in ethanol to obtain a suspension of SDC nanocrystals;
step four, after LNCO is ball milled for a certain time, adding the SDC nanocrystal suspension obtained in the step three, and continuing ball milling to form a mixture of the SDC nanocrystals and LNCO powder;
step five, drying, tabletting and calcining the mixture of the SDC nanocrystals and the LNCO powder in the step four to form the SDC-LNCO composite electrolyte;
in the first step, the cerium salt is CeCl3·7H2O, samarium salt is SmCl3·6H2O, cerium salt and samarium salt with a molar ratio of 4:1, wherein the NaCl and the CeCl3·7H2The molar ratio of O is (6.7-50) to 1; SmCl of mixed solution in step one3·6H2The concentration of O is (2-30) mmol/L;
NaNO in the second step3The molar ratio of the metal Ce to the metal Sm ions is 1:3-3: 1; the hydrothermal reaction temperature of the second step is 150-240 ℃, and the reaction time is 24-48 h;
the SDC-LNCO composite electrolyte is characterized in that the SDC is taken as an inner core, LNCO is coated on the surface of the SDC, and the SDC inner core is of a cubic morphology structure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the NaOH solution in the first step is 12 mol-L-1The dropping speed of the NaOH solution is 30-150 s/ml, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 150-240 ℃, and the reaction time is 12-48 h.
3. The preparation method of the solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the LNCO ball milling is performed for 12-36 h in a ball mill with the rotation speed of 200-400 rpm; and C, after the SDC nanocrystalline suspension in the third step is added in the fourth step, ball milling is continuously carried out for 20-60 min.
4. The preparation method of the solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte according to claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of the SDC to the LNCO in the fourth step is 1: 4-6: 4.
5. The preparation method of the composite electrolyte of the solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the fifth step is 80 ℃ and the drying time is 2-6 h.
6. The method for preparing the composite electrolyte of the solid oxide fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature in the fifth step is 500-650 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-8 h.
7. A solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composite electrolyte is a SDC-LNCO composite electrolyte having the chemical formula Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9-LiNaCO3(ii) a The SDC-LNCO composite electrolyte is formed by taking SDC as an inner core, LNCO is coated on the surface of the SDC, and the SDC inner core is of a cubic structure.
8. The solid oxide fuel cell composite electrolyte of claim 7, wherein the LNCO is in an amorphous phase, the LNCO is coated on the outer surface of the crystalline phase SDC, and the LNCO forms a continuous phase.
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| 赵宜成.搀杂氧化铈—碳酸盐电解质中离子传导及燃料电池性能.《中国博士学位论文全文数据库工程科技II辑》.2014, * |
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