CN110161675B - Electrowetting display device based on conductive column and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Electrowetting display device based on conductive column and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
- G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrowetting display device based on conductive columns and a preparation method thereof, wherein the electrowetting display device comprises an upper conductive substrate and a lower conductive substrate which are oppositely arranged, a pixel wall is arranged on the lower conductive substrate, the pixel wall forms a pixel grid, the upper conductive substrate or the pixel grid is internally provided with the conductive columns, and the surfaces of the conductive columns are oleophobic. According to the invention, the conductive column structure is introduced into the electrowetting display device so as to generate a corresponding electric field, so that the distribution condition of the uniform electric field between the original parallel plates is changed, the required electric field strength can be achieved under lower voltage to realize the pixel switch, and the uniform and controllable ink rupture position in the pixel grid can be realized due to oleophobicity of the surface of the conductive column, and the processing and popularization are easier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrowetting display, in particular to an electrowetting display device based on a conductive column and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The electrowetting display has the characteristics of low energy consumption, high reflectivity, high contrast, high response speed, wide visual angle and the like, has potential in development of a flexible display screen without influence of a plate gap, has great advantages compared with the prior display technology, is expected to replace the prior liquid crystal display screen, and becomes a next generation mainstream display. The electrowetting display device was originally realized by philips company where r.a. haye et al (see document ：Hayes R A,Feenstra B J.Video-speed electronic paper based on electrowetting[J].Nature,2003,425(6956):383-385)., see fig. 1), whose optical stack consists of a white reflective substrate 11, a transparent electrode 12, a hydrophobic dielectric layer 13, a color ink 14 and water 15. In the unpowered equilibrium state, due to y o,w+yo,i<yw,i, where y is the interfacial tension, subscript O, W, i represents ink, water and hydrophobic dielectric layer, respectively, the color ink forms a continuous spreading film between the hydrophobic dielectric layer and the water (shown in fig. 1 a), and application of an electric field breaks the energy balance of the original system, and water will replace the ink to make wetting contact with the dielectric layer surface, i.e. optically push the shrinkage of the ink, exposing the white back plate (shown in fig. 1 b).
Referring to FIG. 2, by the Young-Lippmann equationAs is known, (wherein Y as,Ysw,Yaw is the interfacial tension of air and dielectric layer, dielectric layer and water, respectively, and air and water, and θ Y is the contact angle of dielectric layer and water. When a voltage is applied to the device, charge is injected into water and contacts the dielectric layer, electrostatic force per unit areaEpsilon and d are dielectric constant and dielectric layer thickness, respectively. The electrostatic force breaks the original interface balance, and the interface contact angle of the water and the dielectric layer is reduced to theta v so that the system reaches balance again. When the voltage is removed, the charge is released completely and the drop will resume the original contact angle. The three-phase contact angle of a droplet becomes smaller with an increase in the absolute value of the applied voltage, and is related to the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant, and the tension coefficient of the gas-liquid phase, irrespective of the polarity of the voltage (reference ：Yang S.Highly Reflective Multi-stable Electrofluidic Display Pixels[J].Dissertations&Theses-Gradworks,2012).
The electrowetting display device is generally composed of upper and lower conductive substrates arranged oppositely, a dielectric layer arranged on the lower conductive substrate, a pixel wall arranged on the dielectric layer, and ink and water filled between the upper and lower conductive substrates, and is actually equivalent to a parallel plate capacitor, and the aim of reducing the driving voltage can be achieved by improving the thickness of the dielectric layer, the dielectric constant, the tension coefficient of gas-liquid phase, the device structure and the like. Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4, fig. 3 shows that the pixel is in a closed state when no voltage is applied, and fig. 4 shows that the ink turns over a wall after the voltage is applied, and when the conventional electrowetting display device works, on one hand, a high driving voltage easily causes breakdown of a dielectric layer, so that the service life of the electrowetting display device is greatly reduced; on the other hand, due to lack of control on opening and movement of the ink, the ink may move to any corner of the pixel, which causes uneven opening of the pixel, and the height of the ink after the pixel is opened may be generally increased to 5 times that of the original pixel, which is far greater than that of the pixel wall, and since the hydrophilicity of the pixel wall is insufficient or the shape is not sharp enough, the ink is easy climb over the walls, which further affects the display effect. At present, researchers use physical or chemical methods to carry out surface treatment on the pixel wall, such as coating a layer of hydrophilic material on the surface of the pixel wall, but the method has complicated process and is easy to cause the material to be polluted so as to influence the display performance of the electrowetting display device. Patent application number 201810361384.8 discloses an electrowetting display array substrate, an electrowetting display device and a preparation method thereof, and by adding a columnar structure in a pixel grid, the display effect of the display is improved by utilizing the mutual matching of the columnar structure, an opening electrode and an insulating layer, but the purpose of reducing driving voltage cannot be realized at the same time, and the high driving voltage is easy to cause breakdown of a dielectric layer, so that the service life of the electrowetting display device is greatly reduced, and the problem of device reliability is still not effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an electro-wetting display device based on a conductive column and a preparation method thereof, wherein the electro-wetting display device can achieve the required electric field intensity under lower voltage to realize a pixel switch, can realize the unification and the controllability of the ink rupture position in a pixel grid, and is easy to process and popularize.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The invention provides an electrowetting display device based on conductive columns, which comprises an upper conductive substrate and a lower conductive substrate which are oppositely arranged, wherein a pixel wall is arranged on the lower conductive substrate, the pixel wall surrounds an imaging pixel grid, the upper conductive substrate or the pixel grid is internally provided with the conductive columns, and the surfaces of the conductive columns are oleophobic.
In some preferred embodiments, the conductive pillars are located in the pixel cells, the pixel cells are filled with ink, the height of the conductive pillars is lower than the thickness of the ink, and the conductive pillars are located 1-2 μm below an oil film, so that the display effect of the device is not affected. In some preferred embodiments, the height of the conductive pillars is 2-3 μm and the oil film thickness is 4-5 μm depending on the filling effect.
In some preferred embodiments, the conductive posts are located at the center of the pixel grid or aligned with the center region of the pixel grid.
In some preferred embodiments, the bottom area of the side of the conductive column corresponding to the pixel grid is 1% -5% of the area of the pixel grid, so that the conductive column has a good device display effect and a good oil-assisting film rupture effect.
In some preferred embodiments, the conductive posts are located within or aligned with each pixel cell. The conductive columns are positioned in each pixel grid or on the upper conductive substrate to align to the positions of each pixel grid, so that a corresponding electric field can be generated in each pixel grid, and the pixel switch can be realized more conveniently under lower voltage to reach the required electric field intensity.
In some preferred embodiments, the material of the conductive posts is conductive photoresist, or the surfaces of the conductive posts are coated with a metallic material. The metal materials include pure metals and metal alloys.
In a further preferred embodiment, the conductive pillars are metallic conductive pillars, or the conductive pillars comprise a columnar structure and a metallic material overlying the columnar structure. Namely, in order to realize that the surface of the conductive column is coated with a metal material, the metal material can be directly prepared into the metal conductive column by means of ink-jet printing and the like; the conductive column can also be prepared by preparing a non-conductive photoresist to form a column structure, evaporating electrode materials such as Cu, ag and the like on the surface of the column structure by adopting a thermal evaporation mode and the like, wherein the column structure can be made of conductive or non-conductive materials.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the electrowetting display device, which comprises the steps of preparing conductive columns in the upper conductive substrate or the pixel grid: and preparing conductive columns in the upper conductive substrate or the pixel grid by adopting any one of a photoetching method, screen printing and ink-jet printing.
In some preferred embodiments, the surface of the conductive post is coated with a metal material, and the specific preparation steps are as follows: preparing a column structure in the upper conductive substrate or the pixel grid, and covering a metal material on the column structure by adopting a thermal evaporation mode to form a conductive column; or the metal material is printed to form the conductive posts by adopting an ink-jet printing mode.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The electrowetting display device is equivalent to a parallel plate capacitor, and the invention introduces the conductive column structure in the electrowetting display device so as to generate a corresponding electric field, which essentially reduces the distance between the plates of the upper and lower conductive substrates, changes the distribution condition of the uniform electric field between the original parallel plates, can achieve the required electric field intensity to realize the pixel switch under lower voltage, and can realize the pixel switch because the surface of the conductive column is oleophobic, and the thickness of the ink distributed at the conductive column is thinnest when no voltage is applied, thereby becoming the starting point of ink rupture, namely being capable of realizing the unified and controllable ink rupture position in the pixel grid and being easier to process and popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrowetting display structure and principle in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is an interface schematic of an electrowetting display device;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the pixel in an off state when no voltage is applied;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of ink wall turnover occurring after voltage application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an electrowetting display device in embodiment 1;
Fig. 6 is a process diagram of the fabrication of the electrowetting display device in example 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an electrowetting device in embodiment 3;
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the positional relationship between the conductive pillars and the pixel cells in the electrowetting device of example 3;
fig. 9 is a structural diagram of a conductive pillar in the electrowetting device in example 3.
Detailed Description
The conception and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments below to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
This embodiment provides an electro-wetting display device based on conductive pillars, in which a conductive pillar structure is introduced, referring to fig. 5, taking a typical electro-wetting device in the prior art as an example, the electro-wetting display device includes an upper conductive substrate 21 and a lower conductive substrate 22 disposed opposite to each other, the upper conductive substrate 21 includes an upper substrate 211 and a top electrode 212, the lower conductive substrate 22 includes a lower substrate 221 and a bottom electrode 222, materials used for the upper substrate 211 and the lower substrate 22 include, but are not limited to, non-conductive materials such as glass, the top electrode 212 and the bottom electrode include, but are not limited to, ITO electrodes, etc., a hydrophobic insulating layer 23 is disposed on the lower conductive substrate 22, the thickness of the hydrophobic insulating layer 23 is 1±0.2μm, an amorphous fluorine-containing polymer material with low surface energy such as AF1600x and Cytop is used, a pixel wall 24 is arranged on the hydrophobic insulating layer 23, the height of the pixel wall 24 is 5-6 μm, a material such as photo-crosslinking photoresist is used, the pixel wall 24 surrounds a pixel grid, an upper conductive substrate 21 and a lower conductive substrate 22 are encapsulated by a sealant 25 to form a filling area, the height of the sealant 25 is 80 μm, a material such as pressure sensitive adhesive is used, the filling area is filled with ink 26 and polar liquid 27, and a conductive post 28 is introduced on the upper conductive substrate 21. In the embodiment, the conductive column is in a cylindrical structure, the radius is 16 mu m, the pixel grid is in a square structure, the side length is 167 mu m, and the bottom area of the conductive column is 2.8% of the area of the pixel grid.
Taking the electrowetting display device of the embodiment as an example, the application can realize the purpose of reducing the driving voltage by changing the electric field distribution inside the device, and the principle is based on the following: first, the electrowetting display device corresponds to a parallel plate capacitor, the capacitance of which is defined as c=q/U, and the deterministic formula is c=εs/4pi kd, where ε is the dielectric permittivity (relative permittivity) k is the electrostatic force constant, S is the facing area of the two plates, and d is the vertical distance between the two plates. As shown in fig. 5, the arrow indicates a partial enlarged view of the conductive post, when a voltage is applied, the voltage between the two plates of the capacitor is set to be U, the strength of the electric field generated between the two plates is e=u/d, the electrostatic force f=qe to which the ink is subjected, and the distance between the two plates is reduced from d 1 to d 2 due to the introduction of the conductive post structure, resulting in E 2＞E1, thereby obtaining F 2＞F1. The electric field force of the position where the conductive column is located is larger under the same driving voltage, and the ink is easier to break, so that the reduction of the driving voltage can be realized. Secondly, when no voltage is applied, the surface of the conductive column structure is oleophobic, so that the ink vertically below the conductive column has a certain spreading trend to the periphery for achieving balance of interface force, and the thickness of an oil film directly below the conductive column is reduced, so that the initial breaking point of the ink is formed when a pixel is started, and the uniform and controllable oil film breaking position in a pixel grid is realized.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 6, this embodiment provides a method for preparing an electrowetting display device in embodiment 1, which specifically includes the following preparation steps: (1) preparation of a top plate: taking an upper conductive substrate, wherein the upper conductive substrate comprises an upper substrate 211 and a top electrode 212, the upper substrate is a glass substrate, the top electrode is ITO, firstly, the glass substrate with an ITO layer is cleaned, and the glass substrate is provided with an alignment mark; the conductive photoresist 280 is coated, and alignment lithography is used to form a uniformly distributed structure of conductive pillars 28 on the glass substrate, followed by placement of the sealant 25 to form a sealant frame. In this embodiment, the conductive photoresist is used to prepare the conductive column of the layer, the non-conductive photoresist can be used to prepare the column structure, and then the metal material is evaporated onto the surface of the column structure by thermal evaporation, etc., and the metal material includes but is not limited to electrode materials such as Cu/Ag, etc.; (2) preparation of a bottom plate: taking down a conductive substrate, wherein the lower conductive substrate comprises a lower substrate 221 and a bottom electrode 222, the lower substrate is a glass substrate, and the bottom electrode is ITO; a hydrophobic insulating layer 23 is prepared on the lower conductive substrate by spin coating or screen printing, and then a pixel wall material 240 including but not limited to photoresist is spin coated on the hydrophobic insulating layer 23, and then a pixel wall 24 is formed by photolithography, wherein the pixel wall 24 encloses a pixel grid. The hydrophobic insulating layer and the pixel wall can be prepared by the existing process. (3) filling and packaging ink: the dyed ink 26 is filled into the pixel grids on the lower conductive substrate, the lower conductive substrate and the upper conductive substrate are aligned and attached, and the lower conductive substrate and the upper conductive substrate are filled with polar liquid 27 to be packaged to form the electrowetting display device.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 7, the present embodiment provides an electrowetting display device based on conductive columns, including an upper conductive substrate 21 and a lower conductive substrate 22 which are oppositely disposed, where the upper conductive substrate 21 includes an upper substrate 211 and a top electrode 212, the lower conductive substrate 22 includes a lower substrate 221 and a bottom electrode 222, materials used for the upper substrate 211 and the lower substrate 22 include, but are not limited to, non-conductive materials such as glass, the top electrode 212 and the bottom electrode include, but are not limited to, ITO electrodes, etc., a hydrophobic insulating layer 23 is disposed on the lower conductive substrate 22, the thickness of the hydrophobic insulating layer 23 is 1±0.2 μm, amorphous fluoropolymer materials with low surface energy such as AF1600x and Cytop are used, a pixel wall 24 is disposed on the hydrophobic insulating layer 23, the height of the pixel wall 24 is 5 to 6 μm, materials such as photo-crosslinking photoresist are used, the pixel wall 24 encloses a pixel grid, conductive metal materials such as Ag/Cu and the like are printed on the center of the lower conductive substrate pixel grid by using a inkjet printing method to form a conductive metal structure such as Ag/and the like, the conductive substrate 21 and the lower conductive substrate 22 are filled with a liquid adhesive material such as 25 μm, and a sealing region such as 25 is filled with a liquid adhesive, and a sealing region such as 25 is filled with a liquid material such as 25 μm.
In this embodiment, the conductive column is located at the center of the pixel cell, and the positional relationship between the conductive column 28 and the pixel cell is shown in fig. 8, and the structural diagram of the conductive column is shown in fig. 9.
Effect example 1
Comparative example 1: comparative example 1 provides an existing electrowetting device, identical to the electrowetting display device in example 1, except that no conductive pillars are introduced.
The electrowetting device in example 1 and comparative example 1 was applied with a voltage starting from 0V and increasing each time by 2V, the reflectivity of which was measured with an optical colorimeter (Arges, admesy, ittervoort, the netherlands) and was lowest when the voltage was 0V, since the electrowetting device was not energized at this time, the ink covered the entire pixel display area, light was selectively absorbed by the ink, and the display was in the "off" state. The experimental results show that the turn-on voltage of the electrowetting device of comparative example 1, in which the conductive pillar structure was not incorporated, is typically between 20V and 24V, and that the increase in reflectivity of the display is seen to be faster, and then the reflectivity gradually becomes saturated with increasing voltage. In the electrowetting display device of embodiment 1, the reflectivity of the electrowetting display device starts to increase rapidly with the increase of the voltage at 10V, i.e. the threshold voltage is 10V, which is reduced by about 10V compared with the driving voltage of the conventional electrowetting display device, and the electrowetting display device has a smoother switching effect.
Claims (6)
1. The electrowetting display device based on the conductive column comprises an upper conductive substrate and a lower conductive substrate which are oppositely arranged, wherein a pixel wall is arranged on the lower conductive substrate, and the pixel wall is surrounded to form a pixel grid; the conductive column is positioned at the center of the pixel grid or aligned with the center area of the pixel grid; the bottom area of the conductive column corresponding to one side of the pixel grid is 1% -5% of the area of the pixel grid.
2. The conductive pillar based electrowetting display device of claim 1, wherein the conductive pillar is located within or aligned with each pixel cell.
3. The conductive pillar based electrowetting display device of claim 1, wherein the material of the conductive pillar is a conductive photoresist or the surface of the conductive pillar is coated with a metallic material.
4. A conductive pillar based electrowetting display device according to claim 3, wherein the conductive pillar is a metallic conductive pillar or the conductive pillar comprises a pillar structure and a metallic material overlying the pillar structure.
5. A method of manufacturing a conductive pillar based electrowetting display device as defined in claim 1, comprising the step of manufacturing a conductive pillar within said pixel cell: and preparing conductive columns in the upper conductive substrate or the pixel grid by adopting any one of a photoetching method, screen printing and ink-jet printing.
6. The method for manufacturing the electro-wetting display device based on the conductive column according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the conductive column is coated with a metal material, and the method comprises the following steps: preparing a cylindrical structure in the pixel grid, and covering a metal material on the cylindrical structure by adopting a thermal evaporation mode to form a conductive column; or the metal material is printed to form the conductive posts by adopting an ink-jet printing mode.
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| CN103439790A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-12-11 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Electrowetting display device |
| CN105372812A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-02 | 华南师范大学 | Flexible electrofluidic display and preparation method thereof |
| CN210005795U (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-01-31 | 华南师范大学 | electrowetting display device based on conductive column |
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| CN103439790A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-12-11 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Electrowetting display device |
| CN105372812A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-02 | 华南师范大学 | Flexible electrofluidic display and preparation method thereof |
| CN210005795U (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-01-31 | 华南师范大学 | electrowetting display device based on conductive column |
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Effective date of registration: 20240619 Address after: 518000 b715, Yinxing technology building, 1301 Guanlan community sightseeing Road, Guanlan street, Longhua District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Applicant after: SHENZHEN GUOHUA OPTOELECTRONICS Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: South China advanced Optoelectronics Research Institute, South China Normal University, No. 378, Waihuan West Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510006 Applicant before: SOUTH CHINA NORMAL University Country or region before: China Applicant before: SHENZHEN GUOHUA OPTOELECTRONICS Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20190823 Assignee: Guangxian Technology (Guangdong) Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SHENZHEN GUOHUA OPTOELECTRONICS Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024980014572 Denomination of invention: A conductive pillar based electro wetting display device and its preparation method Granted publication date: 20240716 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20240910 |
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