CN110161674A - Liquid lens - Google Patents

Liquid lens Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110161674A
CN110161674A CN201910359629.8A CN201910359629A CN110161674A CN 110161674 A CN110161674 A CN 110161674A CN 201910359629 A CN201910359629 A CN 201910359629A CN 110161674 A CN110161674 A CN 110161674A
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liquid
conductive
lens
refractive index
insulating
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陈陶
吴陈斌
丁天心
陈洛
李一凡
梁忠诚
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Nanjing Post and Telecommunication University
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Nanjing Post and Telecommunication University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G02B26/005Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/06Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/12Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
    • G02B3/14Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种液体透镜,包括:主体部,所述主体部开设有呈通孔状的透镜腔;液体,收容于所述透镜腔,所述液体包括依次放置的第一导电液体、绝缘液体及第二导电液体;封装玻璃,与所述主体部相配合,以密封所述透镜腔;定义所述第一导电液体的折射率为n1、绝缘液体的折射率为n2、第二导电液体的折射率为n3,当n1与n2之间存在差值时,由第一导电液体和绝缘液体所形成的第一弯曲界面用于调节所述液体透镜的焦距;当n2与n3之间存在差值时,由绝缘液体和第二导电液体所形成的第二弯曲界面用于调节进入所述液体透镜的光束的相位。相较于现有技术,本发明的液体透镜既能调节焦距、又能调节相位,还可根据需要改造成兼顾大调节范围和高调节精度。

The present invention provides a liquid lens, comprising: a main body, the main body is provided with a lens cavity in the shape of a through hole; a liquid is accommodated in the lens cavity, and the liquid includes a first conductive liquid, an insulating liquid and a second conductive liquid; encapsulating glass, matched with the main body to seal the lens cavity; define the refractive index of the first conductive liquid as n 1 , the refractive index of the insulating liquid as n 2 , and the second The refractive index of the conductive liquid is n 3 , when there is a difference between n 1 and n 2 , the first curved interface formed by the first conductive liquid and the insulating liquid is used to adjust the focal length of the liquid lens; when n 2 When there is a difference between n and 3 , the second curved interface formed by the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid is used to adjust the phase of the light beam entering the liquid lens. Compared with the prior art, the liquid lens of the present invention can not only adjust the focal length, but also adjust the phase, and can also be modified to take into account a large adjustment range and high adjustment accuracy as required.

Description

液体透镜liquid lens

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种液体透镜,属于成像控制光学技术、光信息处理器件的技术领域。The invention relates to a liquid lens, which belongs to the technical fields of imaging control optical technology and optical information processing devices.

背景技术Background technique

基于介质电润湿(EWOD)的液体变焦透镜,利用外加电压来调节液面的曲率,进而可以大范围地改变透镜的焦距。The liquid zoom lens based on electrowetting of dielectrics (EWOD) uses an external voltage to adjust the curvature of the liquid surface, thereby changing the focal length of the lens in a wide range.

一般情况下,液体变焦透镜的透镜材料由两种折射率互异、互不混溶的导电性水溶液和不导电性油组成,这两种液体界面能够形成稳定的接触曲面,起到透镜的作用。但是,正常情况下,液体接触曲面的调节是用来变焦的,不适合于用来调相。Generally, the lens material of a liquid zoom lens is composed of two kinds of conductive aqueous solutions and non-conductive oils with different refractive indices and immiscible with each other. The interface of these two liquids can form a stable contact surface and play the role of a lens. . However, under normal circumstances, the adjustment of the liquid contact surface is used for zooming, and it is not suitable for phasing.

有鉴于此,确有必要对现有的液体透镜提出改进,以解决上述问题。In view of this, it is indeed necessary to improve the existing liquid lens to solve the above problems.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种液体透镜,该液体透镜兼具调焦和调相的功能。The object of the present invention is to provide a liquid lens, which has the functions of focusing and phase adjustment.

为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种液体透镜,包括:To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a liquid lens, comprising:

主体部,所述主体部开设有呈通孔状的透镜腔;The main body part is provided with a lens chamber in the shape of a through hole;

液体,收容于所述透镜腔,所述液体包括依次放置的第一导电液体、绝缘液体及第二导电液体;a liquid contained in the lens cavity, the liquid includes a first conductive liquid, an insulating liquid and a second conductive liquid placed in sequence;

封装玻璃,与所述主体部相配合,以密封所述透镜腔;an encapsulating glass matched with the main body to seal the lens cavity;

定义所述第一导电液体的折射率为n1、绝缘液体的折射率为n2、第二导电液体的折射率为n3,当n1与n2之间存在差值时,由第一导电液体和绝缘液体所形成的第一弯曲界面用于调节所述液体透镜的焦距;当n2与n3之间存在差值时,由绝缘液体和第二导电液体所形成的第二弯曲界面用于调节进入所述液体透镜的光束的相位。Define the refractive index of the first conductive liquid as n 1 , the refractive index of the insulating liquid as n 2 , and the refractive index of the second conductive liquid as n 3 , when there is a difference between n 1 and n 2 , the first The first curved interface formed by the conductive liquid and the insulating liquid is used to adjust the focal length of the liquid lens; when there is a difference between n2 and n3, the second curved interface formed by the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid Used to adjust the phase of the light beam entering the liquid lens.

可选的,所述第一导电液体的折射率n1与绝缘液体的折射率n2之间的差值位于0.01~1之间。Optionally, the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first conductive liquid and the refractive index n2 of the insulating liquid is between 0.01-1.

可选的,所述绝缘液体的折射率n2与第二导电液体的折射率n3之间的差值位于0.0001~0.01之间。Optionally, the difference between the refractive index n 2 of the insulating liquid and the refractive index n 3 of the second conductive liquid is between 0.0001-0.01.

可选的,在所述透镜腔的轴线方向上,所述主体部由导电材料制成,以作为所述液体透镜的公共电极;所述封装玻璃为透明的导电玻璃,以引出所述液体透镜的控制电极。Optionally, in the axial direction of the lens chamber, the main body is made of conductive material to serve as a common electrode of the liquid lens; the packaging glass is transparent conductive glass to lead out the liquid lens the control electrode.

可选的,当所述第一导电液体的折射率n1与绝缘液体的折射率n2之间的差值位于0.001~0.01之间,同时所述绝缘液体的折射率n2与第二导电液体的折射率n3之间的差值位于0.0001~0.001之间时,所述第一弯曲界面用于对光束进行相位的粗调节,所述第二弯曲界面用于对光束进行相位的细调节。Optionally, when the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first conductive liquid and the refractive index n2 of the insulating liquid is between 0.001 and 0.01, at the same time, the refractive index n2 of the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid When the difference between the refractive indices n of the liquid is between 0.0001 and 0.001, the first curved interface is used for coarse adjustment of the phase of the beam, and the second curved interface is used for fine adjustment of the phase of the beam .

可选的,所述第一导电液体、绝缘液体及第二导电液体之间两两互不相溶。Optionally, the first conductive liquid, the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid are immiscible with each other.

可选的,所述主体部的内表面涂覆有绝缘介电层,以在所述主体部与第一导电液体之间、及主体部与第二导电液体之间形成电容结构,以控制所述第一弯曲界面和第二弯曲界面的形状。Optionally, the inner surface of the main body is coated with an insulating dielectric layer, so as to form a capacitive structure between the main body and the first conductive liquid, and between the main body and the second conductive liquid, so as to control the Describe the shapes of the first curved interface and the second curved interface.

可选的,所述第二弯曲界面上设有表面活性层。Optionally, a surface active layer is provided on the second curved interface.

可选的,所述液体透镜的焦距由公式Optionally, the focal length of the liquid lens is given by the formula

计算获得,其中,a为透镜腔的内径,θ0为外加电压U为零时的第二导电液体与透镜腔内壁的初始接触角,εr为第一导电液体与绝缘液体的相对介电系数,γ12为第一导电液体与绝缘液体之间的界面张力,e为介电层的厚度。Calculated, where a is the inner diameter of the lens cavity, θ0 is the initial contact angle between the second conductive liquid and the inner wall of the lens cavity when the applied voltage U is zero, and εr is the relative permittivity of the first conductive liquid and the insulating liquid , γ 12 is the interfacial tension between the first conductive liquid and the insulating liquid, and e is the thickness of the dielectric layer.

可选的,所述外加电压U与第二导电液体和透镜腔内壁的接触角θ之间满足关系式:Optionally, the relationship between the applied voltage U and the contact angle θ between the second conductive liquid and the inner wall of the lens cavity satisfies the relational expression:

本发明的有益效果在于:本发明通过将液体设计成由依次放置的第一导电液体、绝缘液体及第二导电液体组成,从而当第一导电液体的折射率与绝缘液体的折射率存在差值时,由第一导电液体和绝缘液体所形成的第一弯曲界面可用于调节焦距;而当绝缘液体的折射率与第二导电液体的折射率存在差值时,由绝缘液体和第二导电液体所形成的第二弯曲界面可用于调节相位,实现了液体透镜既能调节焦距、又能调节相位的功能。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention designs the liquid to be composed of the first conductive liquid, the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid placed in sequence, so that when there is a difference between the refractive index of the first conductive liquid and the refractive index of the insulating liquid, When , the first curved interface formed by the first conductive liquid and the insulating liquid can be used to adjust the focal length; and when there is a difference between the refractive index of the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid, the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid The formed second curved interface can be used to adjust the phase, realizing the function that the liquid lens can adjust both the focal length and the phase.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的液体透镜的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid lens of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

请参阅图1所示,本发明提供了一种液体透镜,可应用于包含有调焦和调相功能的光学系统,实现调焦的同时兼顾调相补偿作用,或者大的相位调节范围同时兼顾高的调节精度的场合。例如:光学综合孔径成像、摄像头、手机镜头等。Please refer to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a liquid lens, which can be applied to an optical system with focusing and phase modulation functions, to achieve focusing while taking into account phase modulation compensation, or to take into account a large phase adjustment range at the same time High adjustment accuracy occasions. For example: optical synthetic aperture imaging, camera, mobile phone lens, etc.

所述液体透镜包括主体部(未图示)、收容在主体部内的液体以及用于与所述主体部相配合的封装玻璃(未图示)。所述主体部开设有呈通孔状的透镜腔;所述主体部由导电材料制成,以作为所述液体透镜的公共电极使用。所述液体收容在所述透镜腔内,并包括依次放置的第一导电液体1、绝缘液体2及第二导电液体3。The liquid lens includes a main body (not shown), a liquid accommodated in the main body, and an encapsulating glass (not shown) for cooperating with the main body. The main body is provided with a through-hole-shaped lens cavity; the main body is made of conductive material and used as a common electrode of the liquid lens. The liquid is accommodated in the lens cavity, and includes a first conductive liquid 1 , an insulating liquid 2 and a second conductive liquid 3 placed in sequence.

所述封装玻璃遮盖在所述透镜腔的外侧,以密封所述透镜腔。较佳地,所述封装玻璃为透明的导电玻璃且设置有两片,以分别密封所述透镜腔的两端,所述第一导电液体1与其中一片封装玻璃相接触、所述第二导电液体3与另外一片封装玻璃相接触,如此设置,使得液体透镜内的两个控制电极可分别由两片封装玻璃引出。The encapsulating glass covers the outside of the lens cavity to seal the lens cavity. Preferably, the packaging glass is transparent conductive glass and two pieces are provided to respectively seal the two ends of the lens chamber, the first conductive liquid 1 is in contact with one piece of packaging glass, and the second conductive The liquid 3 is in contact with another piece of packaging glass, so that the two control electrodes in the liquid lens can be led out from the two pieces of packaging glass respectively.

所述第一导电液体1、绝缘液体2及第二导电液体3之间两两互不相溶,从而可在第一导电液体1与绝缘液体2之间形成第一弯曲界面4、在绝缘液体2与第二导电液体3之间形成第二弯曲界面5。在所述透镜腔的轴线方向上,定义所述第一导电液体1的厚度为L1、绝缘液体2的厚度为L2、第二导电液体3的厚度为L3,则L2>L3>L1;但不应以此为限。The first conductive liquid 1, the insulating liquid 2 and the second conductive liquid 3 are immiscible with each other, so that a first curved interface 4 can be formed between the first conductive liquid 1 and the insulating liquid 2, and the insulating liquid 2 and the second conductive liquid 3 form a second curved interface 5 . In the axial direction of the lens cavity, define the thickness of the first conductive liquid 1 as L 1 , the thickness of the insulating liquid 2 as L 2 , and the thickness of the second conductive liquid 3 as L 3 , then L 2 >L 3 >L 1 ; but should not be limited to this.

定义所述第一导电液体1的折射率为n1、绝缘液体2的折射率为n2、第二导电液体3的折射率为n3,当n1与n2之间存在差值且差值较大时,由第一导电液体1和绝缘液体2所形成的第一弯曲界面4可用于调节所述液体透镜的焦距;当n2与n3之间存在差值且差值较小时,由绝缘液体2和第二导电液体3所形成的第二弯曲界面5可用于调节进入所述液体透镜的光束的相位。Define the refractive index n 1 of the first conductive liquid 1, the refractive index n 2 of the insulating liquid 2, and the refractive index n 3 of the second conductive liquid 3 , when there is a difference between n 1 and n 2 and the difference When the value is large, the first curved interface 4 formed by the first conductive liquid 1 and the insulating liquid 2 can be used to adjust the focal length of the liquid lens; when there is a difference between n 2 and n 3 and the difference is small, The second curved interface 5 formed by the insulating liquid 2 and the second conductive liquid 3 can be used to adjust the phase of the light beam entering the liquid lens.

具体来讲,当所述第一导电液体1的折射率n1与绝缘液体2的折射率n2之间的差值位于0.01~1之间时,所述第一弯曲界面4起着调焦的作用。当所述绝缘液体2的折射率n2与第二导电液体3的折射率n3之间的差值位于0.0001~0.01之间时,所述第二弯曲界面5起着调相的作用。Specifically, when the difference between the refractive index n 1 of the first conductive liquid 1 and the refractive index n 2 of the insulating liquid 2 is between 0.01 and 1, the first curved interface 4 plays a role in focusing role. When the difference between the refractive index n 2 of the insulating liquid 2 and the refractive index n 3 of the second conductive liquid 3 is between 0.0001-0.01, the second curved interface 5 plays a role of phase modulation.

为了提高调相精度,一般情况下,可以通过进一步降低第二弯曲界面5与透镜腔内壁之间的初始接触角来实现,同时在所述第二弯曲界面5上设置表面活性层。具体工作时,应先利用第一弯曲界面4来调节液体透镜的焦距,待焦距调整完毕后,再利用第二弯曲界面5来调节光束的相位。In order to improve the phase modulation accuracy, generally, it can be realized by further reducing the initial contact angle between the second curved interface 5 and the inner wall of the lens cavity, and at the same time, a surface active layer is provided on the second curved interface 5 . During specific work, the focal length of the liquid lens should be adjusted by using the first curved interface 4 first, and then the phase of the light beam should be adjusted by the second curved interface 5 after the focal length is adjusted.

需要说明的是:调相功能只是为了完成相位的微调匹配,正常情况下调节范围不会大于100λ,否则精度就很难达到要求,所以第二弯曲界面5的相位调节作用并不是对第一弯曲界面4调焦以后的相位补偿。It should be noted that the phase adjustment function is only to complete the fine-tuning and matching of the phase. Under normal circumstances, the adjustment range will not be greater than 100λ, otherwise the accuracy will be difficult to meet the requirements, so the phase adjustment effect of the second bending interface 5 is not for the first bending Phase compensation after focusing on interface 4.

当然,若想达到大范围的相位调节,同时又兼顾调节精度,则可以通过合理分配液体之间的折射率差,来使第一弯曲界面4起到粗调相的功能,而第二弯曲界面5起到细调相的功能。此时,所述第一导电液体1的折射率n1与绝缘液体2的折射率n2之间的差值位于0.001~0.01之间,同时所述绝缘液体2的折射率n2与第二导电液体3的折射率n3之间的差值位于0.0001~0.001之间。可见:本发明可以根据实际需要调节n1与n2及n2与n3之间的差值的大小,来实现第一弯曲界面4的调焦或调相功能、以及第二弯曲界面5的调相功能。Of course, if you want to achieve a wide range of phase adjustment while taking into account the adjustment accuracy, you can make the first curved interface 4 function as a coarse phase adjustment by reasonably distributing the refractive index difference between the liquids, while the second curved interface 5 plays the function of fine phase adjustment. At this time, the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first conductive liquid 1 and the refractive index n2 of the insulating liquid 2 is between 0.001 and 0.01, and at the same time, the refractive index n2 of the insulating liquid 2 and the second The difference between the refractive indices n 3 of the conductive liquid 3 is between 0.0001-0.001. It can be seen that the present invention can adjust the size of the difference between n 1 and n 2 and n 2 and n 3 according to actual needs to realize the focusing or phase adjustment function of the first curved interface 4 and the function of the second curved interface 5 Phasing function.

所述液体透镜的焦距由公式The focal length of the liquid lens is given by the formula

计算获得,其中,a为透镜腔的内径,θ0为外加电压U为零时的第二导电液体3与透镜腔内壁的初始接触角,εr为第一导电液体1与绝缘液体2的相对介电系数,γ12为第一导电液体1与绝缘液体2之间的界面张力,e为介电层的厚度。Calculated, where a is the inner diameter of the lens cavity, θ0 is the initial contact angle between the second conductive liquid 3 and the inner wall of the lens cavity when the applied voltage U is zero, εr is the relative angle between the first conductive liquid 1 and the insulating liquid 2 Dielectric coefficient, γ 12 is the interfacial tension between the first conductive liquid 1 and the insulating liquid 2, and e is the thickness of the dielectric layer.

其中,外加电压U与第二导电液体3和透镜腔内壁的接触角θ之间满足关系式:Wherein, the relationship between the applied voltage U and the contact angle θ between the second conductive liquid 3 and the inner wall of the lens cavity satisfies the relation:

由上述公式(1)可以看出:若其它条件不变,当折射率n1和折射率n2相差较大时(例如大于0.01,特别是大于0.1以上),第一弯曲界面4发挥着调焦作用;而当折射率n3和折射率n2相差很小时(例如小于0.01,特别是小于0.0001以下),第二弯曲界面5不行使调焦功能,而是用于调节进入透镜腔的光束的相位,并在电润湿效应作用下调节沿透镜腔的轴线方向传输的光束的相位Φ变化量(δΦ=2π/λ*δ△,δ△=(n2-n3)*δh,δh是第二弯曲界面5的顶点的位移变化量)。It can be seen from the above formula (1): if other conditions remain unchanged, when the difference between the refractive index n1 and the refractive index n2 is relatively large (for example, greater than 0.01, especially greater than 0.1), the first curved interface 4 exerts a modulation Focusing effect ; and when the difference between the refractive index n3 and the refractive index n2 is very small (such as less than 0.01, especially less than 0.0001), the second curved interface 5 does not perform the focusing function, but is used to adjust the light beam entering the lens cavity , and under the action of the electrowetting effect, adjust the phase Φ variation of the beam transmitted along the axis of the lens cavity (δΦ=2π/λ*δ△, δ△=(n 2 -n 3 )*δh, δh is the displacement change amount of the apex of the second curved interface 5).

所述主体部的内表面涂覆有绝缘介电层,以在所述主体部与第一导电液体1之间、及主体部与第二导电液体3之间形成电容结构,从而在施加电压后,电容结构被充电和放电,进而便于控制所述第一弯曲界面4和第二弯曲界面5的形状。The inner surface of the main body is coated with an insulating dielectric layer to form a capacitive structure between the main body and the first conductive liquid 1, and between the main body and the second conductive liquid 3, so that after applying a voltage , the capacitive structure is charged and discharged, thereby facilitating the control of the shapes of the first curved interface 4 and the second curved interface 5 .

作为透镜使用时,透镜腔的内壁需要做疏水处理,以提高液体-内壁之间的初始接触角,从而使液体透镜具有较大的调节范围;作为调相使用时,透镜腔的内壁应选择合适的绝缘介电层,以降低液体-内壁之间的初始接触角,或者在第二弯曲界面5上添加表面活性层,以进一步减少液体-内壁之间的初始接触角,从而使液体透镜具有较高的相位调节精度。When used as a lens, the inner wall of the lens cavity needs to be treated with hydrophobic treatment to increase the initial contact angle between the liquid and the inner wall, so that the liquid lens has a larger adjustment range; when used as a phase modulation, the inner wall of the lens cavity should be selected properly Insulating dielectric layer to reduce the initial contact angle between the liquid and the inner wall, or add a surface active layer on the second curved interface 5 to further reduce the initial contact angle between the liquid and the inner wall, so that the liquid lens has a higher High phase adjustment accuracy.

本发明液体透镜的调相原理为:在主体部和两片封装玻璃上分别施加控制电压,使得第二导电液体3与透镜腔内壁之间的界面张力因电润湿效应的作用而降低,从而改变第二弯曲界面5的形状,并使得第二弯曲界面5沿透镜腔的轴线方向移动δh位移。在一较佳实施例中,在选择合适的绝缘介电层材料或施加表面活性层后,可使得第二导电液体3与透镜腔内壁之间的接触角θ小于95°,δh的控制精度小于0.1mm。当折射率差|n2-n3|选取0.0001~0.01范围时,光程调节精度δ△=(n2-n3)*δh可控制在0.01~1μm之间,满足不同场合的需求。The phase modulation principle of the liquid lens of the present invention is as follows: respectively apply control voltages to the main body and the two pieces of packaging glass, so that the interfacial tension between the second conductive liquid 3 and the inner wall of the lens cavity is reduced due to the electrowetting effect, thereby The shape of the second curved interface 5 is changed, and the second curved interface 5 is moved along the axial direction of the lens cavity by a displacement of δh. In a preferred embodiment, after selecting a suitable insulating dielectric layer material or applying a surface active layer, the contact angle θ between the second conductive liquid 3 and the inner wall of the lens cavity can be made less than 95°, and the control accuracy of δh is less than 0.1mm. When the refractive index difference |n 2 -n 3 | is selected in the range of 0.0001~0.01, the optical path adjustment accuracy δ△=(n 2 -n 3 )*δh can be controlled between 0.01~1μm, which meets the needs of different occasions.

同理,如果第一弯曲界面4也用作调相作用时,当折射率差|n1-n2|选取0.001~0.01范围时,光程调节精度δ△=(n2-n3)*δh可控制在0.1~1μm之间,可当作粗调相以增大调相范围,结合第二弯曲界面5的精细调节,可满足大范围、高精度的调相需求。Similarly, if the first curved interface 4 is also used for phase modulation, when the refractive index difference |n 1 -n 2 | is selected from the range of 0.001 to 0.01, the optical path adjustment accuracy δ△=(n 2 -n 3 )* δh can be controlled between 0.1 and 1 μm, which can be used as a coarse phase adjustment to increase the phase modulation range. Combined with the fine adjustment of the second curved interface 5, it can meet the large-scale and high-precision phase modulation requirements.

以下说明书部分将以具体的实施例来详细描述本发明。The following specification part will describe the present invention in detail with specific examples.

实施例1:第一导电液体1选择10%NaCL水溶液,或LiCL水溶液,或NaSO4水溶液,折射率约为1.34;绝缘液体2选择松节油,常温下的折射率为1.4721,如此,第一弯曲界面4起到调焦作用;第二导电液体3选择离子液体[P666(14)][Deca],常温下折射率为1.47242,与绝缘液体2的折射率相差0.00032,当δh取0.1mm时,第二弯曲界面5的调相(调光程)精度可达0.03μm,对于λ=0.55μm的绿光而言,达到了0.06λ,可满足大多数成像场合的需求。Embodiment 1: the first conductive liquid 1 selects 10% NaCl aqueous solution, or LiCL aqueous solution, or NaSO4 aqueous solution, the refractive index is about 1.34; the insulating liquid 2 selects turpentine, and the refractive index at normal temperature is 1.4721, so, the first curved interface 4 It plays the role of focusing; the second conductive liquid 3 chooses the ionic liquid [P666(14)][Deca], the refractive index at room temperature is 1.47242, which is 0.00032 different from the refractive index of the insulating liquid 2, when δh is 0.1mm, the second The phase modulation (dimming range) accuracy of the curved interface 5 can reach 0.03 μm, and for green light with λ=0.55 μm, it can reach 0.06λ, which can meet the requirements of most imaging occasions.

实施例2:第一导电液体1选择5%NaCL水溶液+60%糖溶液混合,折射率约为1.462;绝缘液体2选择松节油,常温下的折射率为1.4721,与第一导电液体1的折射率相差0.01,当δh取0.1mm时,第一弯曲界面4构成调相精度为1μm的液体调相器,此时,调节精度虽然较粗,但大大增加了调相范围,结合实施例1的第二弯曲界面5的细调相功能,两者可组合成大调节范围、高调节精度的液体调相器。Example 2: The first conductive liquid 1 is mixed with 5% NaCl aqueous solution + 60% sugar solution, and the refractive index is about 1.462; the insulating liquid 2 is turpentine, and the refractive index at room temperature is 1.4721, which is the same as the refractive index of the first conductive liquid 1 The phase difference is 0.01. When δh is 0.1 mm, the first curved interface 4 constitutes a liquid phase modulator with a phase modulation accuracy of 1 μm. At this time, although the adjustment accuracy is relatively coarse, the phase modulation range is greatly increased. Two, the fine phase adjustment function of the curved interface 5, the two can be combined into a liquid phase adjuster with a large adjustment range and high adjustment accuracy.

实施例3:绝缘液体2选择松节油;第一导电液体1和第二导电液体3选择同样的导电液体,例如离子液体[EM2N(CH2)2OH][ESO4],且在常温下折射率为1.47303。但是,第一弯曲界面4所接触的第一绝缘介电层的厚度比第二弯曲界面5所接触的第二绝缘介电层的厚度要小很多,例如第一绝缘介电层的厚度取3um,第二绝缘介电层的厚度取10um,则根据公式(2)可知,第一弯曲界面4的接触角调节灵敏度约为第二弯曲界面5的10倍以上。由此,第二弯曲界面5的δh的调节精度比第一弯曲界面4高10倍,第一弯曲界面4可作为粗调节相位使用,而第二弯曲界面5则作为细调节相位使用。Embodiment 3: choose turpentine for insulating liquid 2; choose the same conductive liquid for first conductive liquid 1 and second conductive liquid 3, such as ionic liquid [EM2N(CH2)2OH][ESO4], and the refractive index is 1.47303 at room temperature. However, the thickness of the first insulating dielectric layer contacted by the first curved interface 4 is much smaller than the thickness of the second insulating dielectric layer contacted by the second curved interface 5, for example, the thickness of the first insulating dielectric layer is 3um , the thickness of the second insulating dielectric layer is 10um, then according to the formula (2), it can be seen that the contact angle adjustment sensitivity of the first curved interface 4 is about 10 times higher than that of the second curved interface 5 . Therefore, the adjustment accuracy of δh of the second curved interface 5 is 10 times higher than that of the first curved interface 4, and the first curved interface 4 can be used as a coarse adjustment phase, while the second curved interface 5 can be used as a fine adjustment phase.

当然,也可根据δh与液体-内壁初始接触角的非线性关系,设置第一弯曲界面4和第二弯曲界面5不同的初始接触角来完成粗调、细调角色的分配,例如,第一弯曲界面4的液体-内壁接触面涂敷疏水层,使其初始接触角大于120°,作为粗调相位使用;第二弯曲界面5的液体-内壁接触面不涂敷疏水层,甚至添加表面活性剂(月桂基硫酸钠等),使其初始接触角小于95°(大于90°),作为细调相位使用。Of course, according to the nonlinear relationship between δh and the initial contact angle of the liquid-inner wall, different initial contact angles of the first curved interface 4 and the second curved interface 5 can be set to complete the distribution of coarse and fine adjustment roles, for example, the first The liquid-inner wall contact surface of the curved interface 4 is coated with a hydrophobic layer to make the initial contact angle greater than 120°, which is used as a coarse phase adjustment; the liquid-inner wall contact surface of the second curved interface 5 is not coated with a hydrophobic layer, and even added surface active agent (sodium lauryl sulfate, etc.), so that the initial contact angle is less than 95° (greater than 90°), and used as a fine-tuning phase.

本发明将微流控光学技术与现代光学技术相结合,基于液体透镜设计出了一种既能调节焦距、又能调节相位的方法,同时也可根据需要改造成兼顾大调节范围和高调节精度的方案。本发明的液体透镜具有结构简单、容易制作、成本低廉等优点,具有经济和技术价值,优势在于使成像系统微型化,因此,该液体透镜的光学调相方法定位也是在于小型的成像系统,可应用在手机、数码相机、微型摄像头、内窥镜等产品身上。The present invention combines microfluidic optical technology with modern optical technology, and designs a method based on liquid lens that can not only adjust the focal length, but also adjust the phase. At the same time, it can also be transformed into a large adjustment range and high adjustment accuracy according to needs. scheme. The liquid lens of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost, etc., and has economic and technical value. It is used in mobile phones, digital cameras, micro cameras, endoscopes and other products.

综上所述,本发明的液体透镜通过将液体设计成由依次放置的第一导电液体1、绝缘液体2及第二导电液体3组成,从而当第一导电液体1的折射率n1与绝缘液体2的折射率n2之间存在差值且差值较大时,由第一导电液体1和绝缘液体2所形成的第一弯曲界面4可用于调节焦距;而当绝缘液体2的折射率n2与第二导电液体3的折射率n3之间存在差值且差值较小时,由绝缘液体2和第二导电液体3所形成的第二弯曲界面5可用于调节相位,实现了液体透镜既能调节焦距、又能调节相位的功能。In summary, the liquid lens of the present invention is designed to consist of the first conductive liquid 1, the insulating liquid 2 and the second conductive liquid 3 placed in sequence, so that when the refractive index n of the first conductive liquid 1 is equal to the insulating When there is a difference between the refractive index n of the liquid 2 and the difference is large, the first curved interface 4 formed by the first conductive liquid 1 and the insulating liquid 2 can be used to adjust the focal length; and when the refractive index of the insulating liquid 2 When there is a difference between n 2 and the refractive index n 3 of the second conductive liquid 3 and the difference is small, the second curved interface 5 formed by the insulating liquid 2 and the second conductive liquid 3 can be used to adjust the phase, realizing liquid The lens can not only adjust the focal length, but also adjust the phase function.

以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种液体透镜,其特征在于,包括:1. A liquid lens, characterized in that, comprising: 主体部,所述主体部开设有呈通孔状的透镜腔;The main body part is provided with a lens chamber in the shape of a through hole; 液体,收容于所述透镜腔,所述液体包括依次放置的第一导电液体、绝缘液体及第二导电液体;a liquid contained in the lens cavity, the liquid includes a first conductive liquid, an insulating liquid and a second conductive liquid placed in sequence; 封装玻璃,与所述主体部相配合,以密封所述透镜腔;an encapsulating glass matched with the main body to seal the lens cavity; 定义所述第一导电液体的折射率为n1、绝缘液体的折射率为n2、第二导电液体的折射率为n3,当n1与n2之间存在差值时,由第一导电液体和绝缘液体所形成的第一弯曲界面用于调节所述液体透镜的焦距;当n2与n3之间存在差值时,由绝缘液体和第二导电液体所形成的第二弯曲界面用于调节进入所述液体透镜的光束的相位。Define the refractive index of the first conductive liquid as n 1 , the refractive index of the insulating liquid as n 2 , and the refractive index of the second conductive liquid as n 3 , when there is a difference between n 1 and n 2 , the first The first curved interface formed by the conductive liquid and the insulating liquid is used to adjust the focal length of the liquid lens; when there is a difference between n2 and n3, the second curved interface formed by the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid Used to adjust the phase of the light beam entering the liquid lens. 2.根据权利要求1所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:所述第一导电液体的折射率n1与绝缘液体的折射率n2之间的差值位于0.01~1之间。2 . The liquid lens according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between the refractive index n 1 of the first conductive liquid and the refractive index n 2 of the insulating liquid is between 0.01-1. 3.根据权利要求1所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:所述绝缘液体的折射率n2与第二导电液体的折射率n3之间的差值位于0.0001~0.01之间。3 . The liquid lens according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between the refractive index n 2 of the insulating liquid and the refractive index n 3 of the second conductive liquid is between 0.0001˜0.01. 4.根据权利要求1所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:所述主体部由导电材料制成,以作为所述液体透镜的公共电极;所述封装玻璃为透明的导电玻璃,以引出所述液体透镜的控制电极。4. The liquid lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main body is made of conductive material to serve as the common electrode of the liquid lens; the packaging glass is transparent conductive glass to lead out the Control electrode of the liquid lens. 5.根据权利要求1所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:当所述第一导电液体的折射率n1与绝缘液体的折射率n2之间的差值位于0.001~0.01之间,同时所述绝缘液体的折射率n2与第二导电液体的折射率n3之间的差值位于0.0001~0.001之间时,所述第一弯曲界面用于对光束进行相位的粗调节,所述第二弯曲界面用于对光束进行相位的细调节。5. The liquid lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the difference between the refractive index n1 of the first conductive liquid and the refractive index n2 of the insulating liquid is between 0.001 and 0.01, at the same time the When the difference between the refractive index n 2 of the insulating liquid and the refractive index n 3 of the second conductive liquid is between 0.0001 and 0.001, the first curved interface is used to roughly adjust the phase of the beam, and the second The two curved interfaces are used for fine adjustment of the phase of the beam. 6.根据权利要求1所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:所述第一导电液体、绝缘液体及第二导电液体之间两两互不相溶。6 . The liquid lens according to claim 1 , wherein the first conductive liquid, the insulating liquid and the second conductive liquid are incompatible with each other. 7.根据权利要求1所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:所述主体部的内表面涂覆有绝缘介电层,以在所述主体部与第一导电液体之间、及主体部与第二导电液体之间形成电容结构,以控制所述第一弯曲界面和第二弯曲界面的形状。7. The liquid lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner surface of the main body is coated with an insulating dielectric layer, so that between the main body and the first conductive liquid, and between the main body and the first conductive liquid, A capacitive structure is formed between the two conductive liquids to control the shapes of the first curved interface and the second curved interface. 8.根据权利要求1所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:所述第二弯曲界面上设有表面活性层。8. The liquid lens according to claim 1, wherein a surface active layer is provided on the second curved interface. 9.根据权利要求1所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:所述液体透镜的焦距由公式9. liquid lens according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the focal length of described liquid lens is by formula 计算获得,其中,a为透镜腔的内径,θ0为外加电压U为零时的第二导电液体与透镜腔内壁的初始接触角,εr为第一导电液体与绝缘液体的相对介电系数,γ12为第一导电液体与绝缘液体之间的界面张力,e为介电层的厚度。Calculated, where a is the inner diameter of the lens cavity, θ0 is the initial contact angle between the second conductive liquid and the inner wall of the lens cavity when the applied voltage U is zero, and εr is the relative permittivity of the first conductive liquid and the insulating liquid , γ 12 is the interfacial tension between the first conductive liquid and the insulating liquid, and e is the thickness of the dielectric layer. 10.根据权利要求9所述的液体透镜,其特征在于:所述外加电压U与第二导电液体和透镜腔内壁的接触角θ之间满足关系式:10. The liquid lens according to claim 9, wherein the relationship between the applied voltage U and the contact angle θ between the second conductive liquid and the inner wall of the lens cavity satisfies the relational expression:
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CN109709668A (en) * 2019-02-02 2019-05-03 北京空间机电研究所 A kind of automatic phase adjustment unit and adjustment method

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CN110045495A (en) * 2019-05-06 2019-07-23 南京邮电大学 A kind of optics phase modulation method based on liquid lens
CN110045495B (en) * 2019-05-06 2021-06-08 南京邮电大学 An Optical Phase Modulation Method Based on Liquid Lens
CN111399093A (en) * 2020-04-07 2020-07-10 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Mobile terminal and image acquisition module and liquid lens thereof
US20220099955A1 (en) * 2020-09-30 2022-03-31 Optotune Consumer Ag Tunable Liquid Lens
CN113281906A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-20 凤凰光学股份有限公司 Detachable augmented reality display equipment and system thereof
CN114815016A (en) * 2022-04-22 2022-07-29 上海酷聚科技有限公司 Liquid lens and preparation method thereof

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