CN110161115B - Gas component detection method and system based on sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity change rate - Google Patents
Gas component detection method and system based on sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity change rate Download PDFInfo
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas component detection method based on the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity change rate, and belongs to the technical field of gas sensing. Firstly, calculating the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures; calculating the relative change rate of the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas according to the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas; then constructing an effective detection area according to the relative change rate of the maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity and the minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity; calculating the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected according to the sound velocity values of the gas to be detected at different frequency points, and calculating the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity according to the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected; the type of the gas corresponding to the effective detection area where the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected is located is the type of the gas to be detected. The invention also realizes a gas composition detection system. The gas composition is detected through the change rate of the sound velocity dispersion strength, and the complexity and the error of gas detection are effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas sensing, and particularly relates to a gas component detection method and system based on a sound velocity dispersion intensity change rate.
Background
At present, the gas sensing technology is not only widely applied to the traditional industrial field, but also has wide application scenes in the emerging artificial intelligence field, such as smart homes, wearable equipment and mobile intelligent terminals. The gas sensing technology mainly realizes information acquisition and information processing of target gas, thereby realizing qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target gas. Existing sensing technologies capable of detecting gas components mainly include electrochemical reactions, thermal conduction, semiconductors, infrared absorption, gas chromatography, and surface acoustic waves. Compared with other types of gas sensors, the ultrasonic sensor has the following advantages: 1) the measurement resolution is high and can reach ppm level; 2) the cost is low; 3) the response is fast, and online real-time measurement can be realized; 4) the structure is simple, small and portable; 5) the service life is long. Therefore, the ultrasonic gas sensing technology can be suitable for various toxic and harmful gas environments, which is undoubtedly the focus of the future gas sensing technology.
The predecessors have proposed a number of different gases based on sonographic relaxation informationA gas detection method based on Quantitative Acoustic Relaxation Spectra (QARS) proposed by Petculescu in 2012, a method for detecting gas components by using Acoustic absorption peak points instead of whole spectral lines proposed by Wu in 2014, and a method for qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing by Lichen cloud in 2018 proposing effective detection regions for creating Acoustic velocity inflection points according to different gas concentrations and ambient temperaturesrSpeed of sound c and density and pressure of the gas (cannot meet real-time), αrThe method has difficulty in measuring, only relies on a single theoretical line when determining the gas components, is easy to fail in determination when having a slight measurement error, and has small fault tolerance.
In summary, the existing gas detection method based on acoustic relaxation information mainly quantitatively analyzes gas components under the condition of known gas species, and few methods capable of qualitatively analyzing gas have high operation complexity, and cannot meet real-time requirements such as the need of measuring gas density based on the method of effective specific heat capacity. Therefore, the method for real-time and efficient qualitative blind detection of the gas (qualitative detection under the condition of unknown gas information) is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a gas component detection method based on the variation rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity, and aims to detect the gas composition through the variation rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity, thereby solving the technical problems of high complexity and large error of the existing gas detection technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gas component detection method based on the variation rate of sound velocity dispersion intensity,
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures;
(2) calculating the relative change rate of the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures according to the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures;
(3) constructing an effective detection area by the relative change rate of the maximum sonic dispersion intensity and the relative change rate of the minimum sonic dispersion intensity at different temperatures;
(4) calculating the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected according to the sound velocity values of the gas to be detected at different frequency points, and calculating the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity according to the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected at different temperatures;
(5) the gas type corresponding to the effective detection area where the relative change rate of the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected is located is the type of the gas to be detected.
Further, the step (1) is specifically:
the maximum sound velocity dispersion strength is:
minimum sonic dispersion strength of
Wherein R is a molar gas constant or a universal gas constant, and the value of R is 8.31 J.mol-1·K-1，
The external heat capacity is indicated by the expression,
representing the process heat capacity of the ith relaxation process.
Further, the calculation of the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion strength at different temperatures in the steps (2) and (4) is specifically as follows:
wherein, TmIndicating the ambient temperature, T, of the gas0Indicates the reference temperature, (T)m) And (T)0) Respectively at a temperature TmAnd T0Lower sonic velocity dispersion strength.
Further, the step (3) is specifically:
and constructing a coordinate system of temperature-velocity dispersion strength relative change rate, marking coordinate points of maximum and minimum velocity dispersion strength relative change rate of the gas at different temperatures in the coordinate system, performing linear fitting on the coordinate points of the maximum and minimum velocity dispersion strength relative change rate respectively to obtain maximum and minimum velocity dispersion strength relative change rate curves, wherein the region between the maximum and minimum velocity dispersion strength relative change rate curves is the effective detection region of the gas.
Further, the step (4) of calculating the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be measured specifically includes: according to the formula
Solving sound velocity dispersion intensity of ith gas in gas to be detected by using column equation setiWherein c is2(ω) represents the sound velocity value of the gas to be measured at the frequency ω point; c. C2(∞) represents the instantaneous sound speed independent of relaxation; n represents the total number of gas species contained in the gas to be measured; tau isiRepresenting the relaxation time of the ith gas in the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is a single gas component, N is 1, the above formula contains three unknowns, c2(∞) and tau, the sound velocity values c of the gas to be measured at 3 frequency points2(ω1)，c2(ω2) And c2(ω3) Substituting into the above formula to give a set of equations, pairSolving the equation set to obtain the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is formed by mixing N gases, the formula contains 1+2N unknowns, c2(∞)、1，...，NAnd τ1，...，τNSubstituting sound velocity values of 1+2N frequency points of the gas to be measured into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas in the mixed gas to be measured1，...，N。
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gas component detection system based on the rate of change of the intensity of sonic frequency dispersion, the system comprising:
the first module is used for calculating the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures;
the second module is used for calculating the relative change rate of the maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity and the minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures according to the maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity and the minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures;
the third module is used for constructing an effective detection area according to the relative change rate of the maximum sonic dispersion strength and the relative change rate of the minimum sonic dispersion strength at different temperatures;
the fourth module is used for calculating the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected according to the sound velocity values of the gas to be detected at different frequency points, and calculating the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity according to the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected at different temperatures;
and the fifth module is used for judging the components of the gas to be detected, and the gas type corresponding to the effective detection area where the relative change rate of the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected is located is the type of the gas to be detected.
Further, the maximum sound velocity dispersion strength in the first module is:
minimum sonic dispersion strength of
Wherein R is a molar gas constant or a universal gas constant, and the value of R is 8.31 J.mol-1·K-1，
The external heat capacity is indicated by the expression,
representing the process heat capacity of the ith relaxation process.
Further, the calculation of the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion strength at different temperatures in the second module and the fourth module specifically includes:
wherein, TmIndicating the ambient temperature, T, of the gas0Indicates the reference temperature, (T)m) And (T)0) Respectively at a temperature TmAnd T0Lower sonic velocity dispersion strength.
Further, the third module is specifically configured to:
and constructing a coordinate system of temperature-velocity dispersion strength relative change rate, marking coordinate points of maximum and minimum velocity dispersion strength relative change rate of the gas at different temperatures in the coordinate system, performing linear fitting on the coordinate points of the maximum and minimum velocity dispersion strength relative change rate respectively to obtain maximum and minimum velocity dispersion strength relative change rate curves, wherein the region between the maximum and minimum velocity dispersion strength relative change rate curves is the effective detection region of the gas.
Further, the calculating of the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured in the fourth module specifically includes: according to the formula
Solving the column equation setMeasuring sound velocity dispersion intensity of ith gas in gasiWherein c is2(ω) represents the sound velocity value of the gas to be measured at the frequency ω point; c. C2(∞) represents the instantaneous sound speed independent of relaxation; n represents the total number of gas species contained in the gas to be measured; tau isiRepresenting the relaxation time of the ith gas in the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is a single gas component, N is 1, the above formula contains three unknowns, c2(∞) and tau, the sound velocity values c of the gas to be measured at 3 frequency points2(ω1)，c2(ω2) And c2(ω3) Substituting the equation into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is formed by mixing N gases, the formula contains 1+2N unknowns, c2(∞)、1，...，NAnd τ1，...，τNSubstituting sound velocity values of 1+2N frequency points of the gas to be measured into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas in the mixed gas to be measured1，...，N。
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the gas composition is detected through the change rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity, so that the measurement of the sound attenuation coefficient, the gas density and the pressure intensity is avoided, and the detection complexity and the detection error are effectively reduced;
(2) the gas composition is determined qualitatively through the effective detection area of the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity change rate, the method is simple, and the detection efficiency is high;
(3) the invention provides an expansion expression of sound velocity frequency dispersion strength, so that the method is suitable for the full frequency range, and the fault tolerance of an effective detection area is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows effective detection regions of sound velocity dispersion intensity variation rates of 6 common gases obtained by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the positioning of the gas to be measured in the effective detection area at the rate of change of the sound velocity dispersion in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The method of the present invention will now be further described with reference to an embodiment, which comprises the following steps, as shown in fig. 1:
s1, calculating the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensities of each gas at different temperatures for different types of pure gases, wherein the relative change rates of the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensities of the gas at all temperatures form an effective sound dispersion intensity detection region of the gas, and the effective sound dispersion intensity change rate detection regions of all types of pure gases form a final effective sound dispersion intensity change rate detection region;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity formula, changing the environment temperature, increasing the value from 273K to 333K by taking 10K as a step length to obtain a maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity value at the corresponding temperature, and enabling T to be T0Is 273K, Tm283K, 293K, 303K, 313K, 323K and 333K in sequence, and calculating the corresponding maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity value to the change rate r in sequencemax(Tm) (ii) a Secondly, selecting a minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity formula, changing the ambient temperature to increase the value from 273K to 333K by taking 10K as a step length in the same way to obtain a minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity value corresponding to the temperature, and sequentially obtaining the relative change rate r of the corresponding minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity valuemin(Tm) (ii) a Finally, the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rates under different temperatures are placed under the same coordinate system to create a regionThe change rate of the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity of the gas is called an effective detection area.
The maximum and minimum sonic dispersion intensities for each gas are expressed as follows:
the maximum sound velocity dispersion strength is:
minimum sonic dispersion strength of
Wherein R is a molar gas constant or a universal gas constant, and the value of R is 8.31 J.mol-1·K-1，
Linear molecules representing the external heat capacity, the sum of the contributions of the translational and rotational degrees of freedom to the heat capacity
Nonlinear molecules
Representing the process heat capacity of the ith relaxation process.
The relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion strength at different temperatures is specifically as follows:
wherein, TmIndicating the ambient temperature, T, of the gas0Indicates the reference temperature, (T)m) And (T)0) Respectively at a temperature TmAnd T0Lower sonic velocity dispersion strength.
FIG. 2 shows 6 common methods calculated in the embodiment of the present inventionThe change rate of the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity of the gas effectively detects the area. Including CO2, Cl2, CH4, O2, N2 and CO, wherein the reference temperature T is shown in the figure0273K, varying temperature TmFrom 273K in steps of 10K to 333K. In the figure, effective detection areas of gases CO2, Cl2, CH4 and O2 are between the respective maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity change rates, and can be obviously seen; the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity change rates of the gases N2 and CO almost coincide, and the respective effective detection areas are hardly visible in the figure.
S2, calculating sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured at various temperatures;
according to the formula
Solving sound velocity dispersion intensity of ith gas in gas to be detected by using column equation setiWherein c is2(ω) represents the sound velocity value of the gas to be measured at the frequency ω point; c. C2(∞) represents the instantaneous sound speed independent of relaxation; n represents the total number of gas species contained in the gas to be measured; tau isiRepresenting the relaxation time of the ith gas in the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is a single gas component, N is 1, the above formula contains three unknowns, c2(∞) and tau, the sound velocity values c of the gas to be measured at 3 frequency points2(ω1)，c2(ω2) And c2(ω3) Substituting the equation into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is formed by mixing N gases, the formula contains 1+2N unknowns, c2(∞)、1，...，NAnd τ1，...，τNSubstituting sound velocity values of 1+2N frequency points of the gas to be measured into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas in the mixed gas to be measured1，...，N。
And then calculating the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion strength according to the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be detected at different temperatures.
And S3, positioning the relative change rate of the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected along with the temperature in the final sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity change rate detection area, and analyzing to obtain the components of the gas to be detected.
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured at the temperatures of 273K, 283K, 293K, 303K, 313K, 323K, and 333K is calculated and obtained, and the gas to be measured is exactly located in the region to be measured of CO2 and O2, so that the gas to be measured is CO2 and O2.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, such that various modifications, equivalents and improvements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A gas component detection method based on sound velocity dispersion intensity change rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) calculating the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the maximum sound velocity dispersion strength is:
minimum sonic dispersion strength of
Wherein R is a molar gas constant or a universal gas constant, and the value of R is 8.31 J.mol-1·K-1，
The external heat capacity is indicated by the expression,
represents the heat capacity of the ith relaxation process;
(2) calculating the relative change rate of the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures according to the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures; the specific calculation of the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion strength at different temperatures is as follows:
wherein, TmIndicating the ambient temperature, T, of the gas0Indicates the reference temperature, (T)m) And (T)0) Respectively at a temperature TmAnd T0Lower sonic velocity dispersion strength;
(3) constructing an effective detection area by the relative change rate of the maximum sonic dispersion intensity and the relative change rate of the minimum sonic dispersion intensity at different temperatures; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing a coordinate system of temperature-sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate, marking coordinate points of maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate of a gas at different temperatures in the coordinate system, and respectively performing linear fitting on the coordinate points of the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate to obtain maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate curves, wherein a region between the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate curves is an effective detection region of the gas;
(4) calculating the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected according to the sound velocity values of the gas to be detected at different frequency points, and calculating the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity according to the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected at different temperatures; the specific calculation of the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured is as follows: according to the formula
Solving sound velocity dispersion intensity of ith gas in gas to be detected by using column equation setiWherein c is2(omega) represents the sound of the gas to be measured at the frequency omega pointA speed value; c. C2(∞) represents the instantaneous sound speed independent of relaxation; n represents the total number of gas species contained in the gas to be measured; tau isiRepresenting the relaxation time of the ith gas in the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is a single gas component, N is 1, the above formula contains three unknowns, c2(∞) and tau, the sound velocity values c of the gas to be measured at 3 frequency points2(ω1)，c2(ω2) And c2(ω3) Substituting the equation into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is formed by mixing N gases, the formula contains 1+2N unknowns, c2(∞)、1，...，NAnd τ1，...，τNSubstituting sound velocity values of 1+2N frequency points of the gas to be measured into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas in the mixed gas to be measured1，...，N；
(5) The gas type corresponding to the effective detection area where the relative change rate of the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected is located is the type of the gas to be detected.
2. A gas composition detection system based on the rate of change of sonic frequency dispersion intensity, said system comprising:
the first module is used for calculating the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures; the maximum sound velocity dispersion strength is:
minimum sonic dispersion strength of
Wherein R is a molar gas constant or a universal gas constant, and the value of R is 8.31 J.mol-1·K-1，
The external heat capacity is indicated by the expression,
represents the heat capacity of the ith relaxation process;
the second module is used for calculating the relative change rate of the maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity and the minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures according to the maximum sound velocity dispersion intensity and the minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas at different temperatures; the specific calculation of the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion strength at different temperatures is as follows:
wherein, TmIndicating the ambient temperature, T, of the gas0Indicates the reference temperature, (T)m) And (T)0) Respectively at a temperature TmAnd T0Lower sonic velocity dispersion strength;
the third module is used for constructing an effective detection area according to the relative change rate of the maximum sonic dispersion strength and the relative change rate of the minimum sonic dispersion strength at different temperatures; the method is specifically used for:
constructing a coordinate system of temperature-sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate, marking coordinate points of maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate of a gas at different temperatures in the coordinate system, and respectively performing linear fitting on the coordinate points of the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate to obtain maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate curves, wherein a region between the maximum and minimum sound velocity dispersion intensity relative change rate curves is an effective detection region of the gas;
the fourth module is used for calculating the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected according to the sound velocity values of the gas to be detected at different frequency points, and calculating the relative change rate of the sound velocity dispersion intensity according to the sound velocity dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected at different temperatures; the specific calculation of the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured is as follows: according to the formula
Solving sound velocity dispersion intensity of ith gas in gas to be detected by using column equation setiWherein c is2(ω) represents the sound velocity value of the gas to be measured at the frequency ω point; c. C2(∞) represents the instantaneous sound speed independent of relaxation; n represents the total number of gas species contained in the gas to be measured; tau isiRepresenting the relaxation time of the ith gas in the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is a single gas component, N is 1, the above formula contains three unknowns, c2(∞) and tau, the sound velocity values c of the gas to be measured at 3 frequency points2(ω1)，c2(ω2) And c2(ω3) Substituting the equation into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain the sound velocity dispersion strength of the gas to be measured;
if the gas to be measured is formed by mixing N gases, the formula contains 1+2N unknowns, c2(∞)、1，...，NAnd τ1，...，τNSubstituting sound velocity values of 1+2N frequency points of the gas to be measured into the formula to list an equation set, and solving the equation set to obtain sound velocity dispersion intensity of each gas in the mixed gas to be measured1，...，N；
And the fifth module is used for judging the components of the gas to be detected, and the gas type corresponding to the effective detection area where the relative change rate of the sound velocity frequency dispersion intensity of the gas to be detected is located is the type of the gas to be detected.
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