CN110160320B - Microwave drying method and device for thick sintering fuel layer - Google Patents
Microwave drying method and device for thick sintering fuel layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110160320B CN110160320B CN201810146153.5A CN201810146153A CN110160320B CN 110160320 B CN110160320 B CN 110160320B CN 201810146153 A CN201810146153 A CN 201810146153A CN 110160320 B CN110160320 B CN 110160320B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
- F26B25/225—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects by repeated or continuous weighing of the material or a sample thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
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Abstract
The application discloses a microwave drying method and device for a thick material layer of a sintering fuel, which are used for obtaining the initial weight W of the material0Setting and recording an initial time t0(ii) a At an initial time t0Starting all microwave sources in the microwave source set, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei(ii) a If the intermediate condition is met, stopping the operation of the microwave source set, and turning the material up and down; starting part of microwave sources in the microwave source set, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti(ii) a If the drying end condition is met, the microwave source set stops working, and the drying completion time t is recordedendObtaining the final material weight Wend. The intelligent fast drying device can realize the intelligent fast drying of a sintering fuel thick material layer, improves the speed and the efficiency of microwave drying, reduces the time consumed by the drying process, does not need to add the number or the volume of a drying container and microwave drying oven equipment, and has lower requirements on application site space.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of microwave drying, in particular to a method and a device for microwave drying of a thick material layer of a sintering fuel.
Background
The sintered fuel is usually dried before being subjected to particle size composition detection, so as to avoid the influence on fuel screening caused by the fuel adhering to a screen mesh and blocking the screen mesh. In order to ensure a representative particle size composition of the sintering fuel, the amount of the fuel sample to be subjected to the particle size composition measurement is usually about 2 kg. Because 2 kilograms of fuel is bigger, adopt the surface heat conduction heating method to dry, for example when adopting traditional oven heating stoving, its drying rate is lower, and it is long to spend time. The microwave drying method does not need heat conduction among substances, and the microwave penetrates into the material and is converted into heat energy through interaction between the microwave and polar molecules of the fuel, so that all parts in the material can obtain heat at the same moment to heat up, and therefore compared with the traditional drying method, the microwave drying method has the advantages of being large in drying speed, energy-saving, high in production efficiency, uniform in drying, easy to achieve automatic control and the like.
The microwave drying characteristics of the coking coal will be described below by way of example, and as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a drying curve and a drying rate curve of the coking coal will be shown. The microwave drying process of the coking coal can be divided into the following 3 stages: firstly, preheating and accelerating stage: this phase, which lasts approximately 2min, rapidly increases the coking coal drying rate until it reaches a maximum value; second, constant speed drying stage: the larger the initial moisture is, the shorter and less obvious the constant-speed drying stage is, and in the stage, the coking coal drying rate reaches the maximum, and the external moisture of the coking coal is mainly removed; thirdly, a speed reduction drying stage: the drying rate at this stage will continue to decrease until the end of drying, primarily removing internal moisture from the coking coal, the greater the internal moisture, the faster the drying rate decreases. In the speed reducing drying stage, the resistance of the outward diffusion of the internal moisture is gradually increased, the drying interface moves inwards and is mainly controlled by the internal diffusion, the time and energy consumption of the stage can account for 2/3 of the whole drying process, however, the dehydration amount is only 1/3 and is even lower, and therefore, the speed reducing drying stage becomes a bottleneck which restricts the whole drying effect, the drying efficiency and the economy.
In addition, to the direct microwave drying of thick bed (the stone thickness is more than 3 cm), because fuel thickness is great relatively, and in the drying stage of deceleration, inside moisture diffusion can lead to the resistance to increase gradually, and it is long nevertheless dehydration volume is few to consume time, also is difficult to realize rapid draing, and drying efficiency is lower and improper control easily causes the thermal runaway. Therefore, when the sintering fuel is dried by the microwave drying method at present, the drying method mainly aims at a thin material layer (the material spreading thickness is 1-2cm), which causes the increase of the cavity area of the microwave oven, the widening of a sample drying container, the increase of the occupied area of equipment and the increase of the operation difficulty, and further puts higher requirements on the production and application field space.
In summary, based on the above-mentioned microwave drying characteristics, when the microwave drying method is used to dry a thick sintered fuel layer, how to effectively improve the drying efficiency and reduce the time consumption of the drying process is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method and a device for microwave drying of a thick sintering fuel layer, which aim to solve the technical problems of low drying efficiency and long time consumption in the drying process when the thick sintering fuel layer is dried by the existing microwave drying method.
In one aspect, the present application provides a method for microwave drying of a thick sintered fuel layer, comprising:
obtaining the initial weight W of the material0Setting and recording an initial time t0；
At an initial time t0Starting all microwave sources in the microwave source set, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei；
If the intermediate condition is met, stopping the operation of the microwave source set, and turning the material up and down;
starting part of the microwave sources in the microwave source set, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti；
If the drying end condition is met, the microwave source set stops working, and the drying completion time t is recordedendObtaining the final material weight Wend。
Further, if the intermediate condition is met, the microwave source set stops working, and before the step of turning the material upside down, the method further comprises the following steps:
according to the initial weight W of the material0And the weight W of the dried materialiThe drying rate DR of the material was calculated according to the following formulaiAnd the initial water loss rate M of the material0：
DRi＝(Wi-1-Wi)/W0
M0＝(W0-Wi)/W0
In the formula, WiThe weight of the dried material is corresponding to the ith unit time; wi-1The weight of the dried material corresponding to the unit time of i-1; w0Is the initial weight of the material.
Further, it is determined whether the intermediate condition is satisfied according to the following steps:
judging whether the material drying rate meets DRi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2And initial water loss rate M of material0Whether it is greater than or equal to 5%;
if the material drying rate satisfies DRi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2At the same time, the initial water loss rate M of the material0Greater than or equal to 5%, the intermediate condition is satisfied.
Alternatively, whether the drying end condition is satisfied is determined according to the following steps:
judging the temperature T of the materialiWhether the temperature is more than 250 ℃;
if the temperature of the material TiIf the temperature is higher than 250 ℃, the drying end condition is met.
Alternatively, whether the drying end condition is satisfied is determined according to the following steps:
judging whether the temperature T of the material is metiWhether it is more than 220 deg.C and the temperature difference T between adjacent materialsdWhether the temperature is more than 10 ℃; wherein, Td＝Ti-Ti-1；
If the temperature of the material TiGreater than 220 deg.C, and adjacent material temperature difference TdIf the temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the drying end condition is met.
Alternatively, whether the drying end condition is satisfied is determined according to the following steps:
judging the temperature T of the materialiWhether or not it is greater than 220 deg.C, and the material drying rate DRiWhether less than 0.01%;
if the temperature of the material TiGreater than 220 ℃ and at the same time the material drying rate DRiIf the content is less than 0.01%, the drying end condition is satisfied.
Alternatively, whether the drying end condition is satisfied is determined according to the following steps:
judging the current time t and the initial time t0Time interval t betweenmWhether the time is more than 3 min;
if the time interval tmAnd if the time is more than 3min, the drying end condition is met.
Alternatively, whether the drying end condition is satisfied is determined according to the following steps:
judging the material drying rate DRiWhether less than 0.005%;
if the material drying rate DRiIf the content is less than 0.005%, the drying end condition is satisfied.
Further, the method further comprises: according to the drying completion time tendAnd the final material weight WendThe moisture fraction Mx and the material drying property Dx are calculated according to the following formula:
Mx＝(W0-Wend)×100/W0
Dx＝Mx/(t0-tend)
in the formula, W0Is the initial weight of the material; t is t0Is the initial time.
In another aspect, the present application provides a sintered fuel thick layer microwave drying device, including: the microwave drying device comprises a microwave drying device, a robot hand and a clamp, wherein a rotating shaft of the robot hand is connected with the clamp; the microwave drying equipment is internally provided with a temperature measuring element, a microwave source set and a weighing table, wherein the weighing table is positioned below the microwave source set, the microwave source set comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed microwave sources, and the microwave drying equipment is provided with a remote automatic door; the device further comprises a control unit configured to perform the following program steps:
the remote automatic door is controlled to be opened, after the clamp clamps the container filled with the materials, the robot hand is controlled to move, and the container filled with the materials is placed on the weighing platform;
controlling the remote automatic door to close at an initial time t0Obtaining the initial weight W of the material0；
At an initial time t0Controlling all microwave sources in the set of microwave sourcesStarting, obtaining the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei；
If the intermediate condition is met, controlling the microwave source set to stop working;
the remote automatic door is controlled to be opened, after the clamp clamps the container filled with the materials, a rotating shaft of a robot hand is controlled to rotate 180 degrees, and the materials are turned over up and down;
controlling the remote automatic door to close, controlling part of microwave sources in the microwave source set to start, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti；
If the drying end condition is met, controlling the microwave source set to stop working, and recording the drying completion time tendObtaining the final material weight Wend。
Optionally, the set of microwave sources includes four microwave sources, the four microwave sources are distributed in a 2 nd order matrix, and the control unit is further configured to perform the following program steps:
at an initial time t0Controlling four microwave sources in the microwave source set to start, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei(ii) a And the number of the first and second groups,
after the materials are turned over up and down, controlling a remote automatic door to be closed, controlling two opposite-angle microwave sources in the microwave source set to be started, and acquiring the weight W of the dried materials every unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti。
According to the technical scheme, the microwave drying method and the microwave drying device for the sintering fuel thick material layer can obtain the weight W of the material once per unit time in the microwave drying processiCombining the initial weight W of the materials0Then the material drying rate DR can be calculatediWhen DR is satisfiedi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2During the material drying process, the material drying process enters a speed reduction drying stage, the water content is generally 7-15% according to the moisture characteristic of the sintering fuel, and when the initial water loss rate M of the material is higher than the initial water loss rate M0When the microwave source is used in an amount of more than 5%, the drying efficiency is lowered due to the large resistance to the outward diffusion of the internal waterStopping the collection, turning the material up and down to transfer and move the internal high-moisture particles of the fuel to the surface, moving the external low-moisture particles to the inside of the fuel, and continuing to perform microwave drying, wherein the weight W of the dried material is obtained once per unit time during the processiAnd material temperature TiAnd judging whether the drying end condition is met or not, namely intelligently controlling the microwave drying end point according to the material drying state parameters so that the material drying meets the production requirement. When the drying condition is met, the microwave source set stops working, and the drying completion time t is recordedendObtaining the final material weight WendSo as to obtain the dehydration rate and drying property of the material subsequently, and the microwave drying production process can be measured and guided. According to the microwave drying method, through automatic operation and control of microwave drying, when the drying stage is started at the speed reduction, the microwave rapid drying of a fuel thick material layer of about 2 kilograms is realized by adopting a material overturning mode, the thick material layer can be rapidly dried by 5-6mm, the one-time dehydration amount can be doubled, the working efficiency of microwave drying of the thick material layer is effectively improved, and the time consumed in the drying process is reduced; in addition, this application need not to add the number or the volume of drying container, microwave drying oven equipment, and is low to the on-the-spot space requirement of using, reduces the area of equipment, improves the overall stability of equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing microwave drying characteristics of coking coal;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing microwave drying rate of coking coal
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for microwave drying of a sintered fuel thick layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a microwave drying apparatus for sintering a thick fuel layer according to the second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a top view of a microwave drying device for sintering a thick fuel layer according to the third embodiment of the present application.
In the figure, 1-microwave drying equipment, 11-temperature measuring element, 12-microwave source set, 121-microwave source, 13-weighing table, 14-remote automatic door, 15-exhaust fan, 16-container clamping seat and 17-container filled with material; 2-robot arm, 21-rotation axis of robot arm; and 3, clamping.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The common sintering fuel comprises coke powder and coal powder, before the granularity composition detection is carried out, the sintering fuel needs to be dried, the moisture property of the sintering fuel is generally 7-15%, when the microwave drying is carried out, the drying property similar to that shown in figures 1 and 2 generally exists, and the drying property relates to three drying stages, namely a preheating acceleration stage, a constant-speed drying stage and a deceleration drying stage. In the speed reducing drying stage, the resistance of the outward diffusion of the internal moisture is gradually increased, the drying interface moves inwards and is mainly controlled by the internal diffusion, the time and energy consumption of the stage can account for 2/3 of the whole drying process, however, the dehydration amount is only 1/3 and is even lower, and therefore, the speed reducing drying stage becomes a bottleneck which restricts the whole drying effect, the drying efficiency and the economy. In order to reduce the volume and the occupied area of microwave drying equipment and reduce the requirement of the equipment on the application site space, the paving thickness of sintering fuel can be set to be more than 3cm, namely, a thick material layer is adopted for microwave drying, however, the problem is that the microwave drying of the sintering fuel is influenced by a speed reduction drying stage, and the thickness of the thick material layer is larger, so that the microwave drying cannot realize the rapid drying of the thick material layer, the drying efficiency is low, the drying process consumes long time, and the working efficiency of the production processes such as the subsequent particle size composition detection and the like can be influenced inevitably. The following embodiments of the present application aim to solve the problem and drawback of microwave drying of a thick sintered fuel layer, and realize intelligent and rapid microwave drying of the thick sintered fuel layer.
As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a method for microwave drying of a sintered fuel thick layer, the method including the steps of:
step S101, obtaining initial weight W of material0Setting and recording an initial time t0。
Putting the sintering fuel to be dried into a container with the height of more than 3cm to form a thick material layer, then putting the container filled with the material into microwave drying equipment, wherein the microwave source in the microwave drying equipment is not started at the moment, the drying process is not started, and the weight of the material is obtained by using a weighing device arranged in the microwave drying equipment, and the weight is the initial weight W of the material0。
When the initial weight W of the material is obtained0The container with the material is placed in the microwave drying apparatus and the material is aligned with the set of microwave sources in the microwave drying apparatus, ready for microwave drying. The starting time of the microwave drying process, i.e. the time for starting the microwave source, can be set according to the actual situation, and the time is the initial time t0。
Step S102, at the initial time t0Starting all microwave sources in the microwave source set, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei。
In the microwave drying process of the material, firstly, a preheating acceleration stage is entered, all microwave sources in a microwave source set are required to be started, at the moment, the microwave output power reaches the maximum, the material is heated up quickly after absorbing the microwave sufficiently, the drying speed of the material is increased quickly, moisture in the material is removed in the drying process, and the weight of the material is changed, so that the weight W of the material is required to be measured once per unit timeiTo calculate the material drying rate DRiAnd the initial water loss rate M of the material0. The unit time as referred to herein may be one second, i.e. the weight of the material W is measured once per secondi. The microwave drying equipment can be internally provided with a weighing device, and a container filled with materials is placed on the weighing device, so that the weight W of the materials can be accurately obtained every unit time after the microwave drying is startedi。
The microwave source assembly comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed microwave sources, the microwave sources are source parts capable of generating and emitting microwaves, the microwaves penetrate into the material and are interacted with polar molecules of the material to be converted into heat energy, all parts in the material can obtain heat at the same moment to heat, and therefore moisture in the material is removed. Regarding the number of the microwave sources included in the microwave source set, if the number of the microwave sources is small, the temperature rise of the material is slow, the drying efficiency is low, and the drying process takes a long time, and if the number of the microwave sources is too large, not only the equipment cost is increased, but also the volume and the occupied space of the microwave drying equipment are increased, so that the number of the microwave sources can be selected according to the practical application situation.
And step S103, if the intermediate condition is met, stopping the operation of the microwave source set, and turning the material upside down.
Further, before step S103, the method further includes: according to the initial weight W of the material0And the weight W of the dried materialiCalculating the material drying rate DRiAnd the initial water loss rate M of the material0；
Specifically, the material drying rate DR was calculated according to the following formulaiAnd the initial water loss rate M of the material0：
DRi＝(Wi-1-Wi)/W0
M0＝(W0-Wi)/W0
In the formula, WiThe weight of the dried material is corresponding to the ith unit time; wi-1The weight of the dried material corresponding to the unit time of i-1; w0Is the initial weight of the material.
Through the material drying rate DRiCan judge which stage the drying process is in, and the initial water loss rate M of the material0Can learn the water loss rate of material at a certain time, after the drying process gets into the drying stage of deceleration, main desorption material inside moisture, because the bed of material thickness on thick bed of material is big, the inside moisture of this stage material resistance of outdiffusion increases gradually, when the water loss rate reaches the certain degree, the inside moisture of material outdiffusion difficulty, material drying rate is low, leads to inside moisture can't deviate from fast to lead to drying efficiency low and consuming time long. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the intermediate condition that when the intermediate condition is satisfied, the moisture removal of the material is difficult, the current state cannot be maintained, but the material is required to be fedThe rows are turned upside down so that the material can be quickly dehydrated in the speed reduction drying stage.
Further, it is determined whether the intermediate condition is satisfied according to the following steps:
judging whether the material drying rate meets DRi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2And initial water loss rate M of material0Whether it is greater than 5%;
if the material drying rate satisfies DRi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2At the same time, the initial water loss rate M of the material0If the microwave source concentration is more than 5%, the intermediate condition is met, the microwave source set stops working, and the material is turned over up and down.
When the material drying rate meets DRi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2When the drying process of the material is considered to be started to be transited to a deceleration drying stage, in the stage, when the initial water loss rate M of the material is0When the content is more than 5%, the moisture in the material is difficult to diffuse outwards, the drying rate of the material is low, and if the current state is kept continuously, longer time is inevitably consumed to complete the drying process. Therefore, in the embodiment of the application, after entering the deceleration drying stage, the moisture property of the sintering fuel is generally 7-15%, and when the initial water loss rate M of the material is0When exceeding 5%, make microwave source set stop work, close all microwave sources that have opened, overturn the material from top to bottom, be about to material upset 180 degrees, make the material granule remix, the inside high moisture granule transfer motion of material is to the surface, outside low moisture granule moves inside the fuel, then continue the drying, the high moisture granule on material surface dewaters fast, behind the resistance greatly reduced of the inside moisture of material outdiffusion, inside moisture also can be in the very short time by quick desorption, thereby improve material drying rate and efficiency, effectively reduce drying time.
Step S104, starting part of microwave sources in the microwave source set, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti。
After the materials are turned over up and down, the high-moisture particles in the materials are transferred to the surface, and the outside is lowMoisture particles move to the inside of the fuel, the resistance of moisture in the material to diffuse outwards is greatly reduced, the high-moisture particles on the surface of the material can be quickly dehydrated under microwaves, and in order to avoid thermal runaway, the microwave output power is properly reduced, so that the quick dehydration can be realized only by opening part of microwave sources in a microwave source set, the microwave drying efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the energy consumption can be reduced, for example, the number of the microwave sources is 4, and in the step, only 2 or 3 microwave sources are needed to be opened. During this period, the weight W of the dried material was obtained once per unit timeiAnd material temperature TiAnd judging whether the drying end condition is met or not according to the two parameters, namely intelligently controlling the microwave drying end point according to the state parameters of the material drying process so that the material subjected to microwave drying meets the production requirements.
Step S105, if the drying end condition is met, the microwave source set stops working, and the drying completion time t is recordedendObtaining the final material weight Wend。
The existing microwave drying is generally to set the drying end time according to manual experience, and when the drying end time is reached, the microwave source is turned off, so that the microwave drying is completed. However, the method of determining the end point of the drying process based on manual experience is less reliable, and requires different drying times due to different moisture and material quantities of the material. Because the microwave absorbing performance of the sintering fuel to the microwave is good, once the drying time is improperly controlled, adverse consequences can be generated. Assuming that the actual drying completion time of the material is t1The drying completion time is set empirically as t2If t is1At t2Before, namely the material is actually dried, the microwave source is still continuously heated, so that the temperature of the material is rapidly increased, a thermal runaway phenomenon is caused, fuel is combusted, and safety risks are generated; if t is1At t2Thereafter, i.e. in case the material is not sufficiently dried, the heating of the microwave source has been stopped, resulting in drying of the material not reaching the production requirements. Therefore, the drying method needs to be adopted according to the comprehensive factors of the weight of the material, the thickness of the material layer, the moisture content of the material and the likeThe end point of the microwave drying is reasonably selected and controlled. Based on the microwave drying method provided in this example, a method of determining the conditions for ending the drying is given below, in which the weight is about 2 kg, the fuel is a thick layer of 3cm or more, and the moisture content of the sintered fuel is 7 to 15%.
In a first possible implementation manner of step S106, it is determined whether the drying end condition is satisfied according to the following steps:
judging the temperature T of the materialiWhether the temperature is more than 250 ℃;
if the temperature of the material TiIf the temperature is higher than 250 ℃, the drying end condition is met, and the microwave source set stops working;
otherwise, the drying end condition is not met, and part of the microwave sources in the microwave source set continue to dry the material.
In the application, after the drying process enters the deceleration drying stage, the initial water loss rate M of the material is obtained0Over 5%, the material is turned over up and down, so that more water can be quickly discharged from the material in a shorter time, and when the temperature T of the material is higher than the temperature T of the material, the thermal runaway phenomenon is causediWhen the temperature is higher than 250 ℃, the microwave source set is required to stop working, all the turned-on microwave sources are turned off, and the temperature of the material is prevented from further rising.
In a second possible implementation manner of step S106, it is determined whether the drying end condition is satisfied according to the following steps:
judging whether the temperature T of the material is metiWhether it is more than 220 deg.C and the temperature difference T between adjacent materialsdWhether the temperature is more than 10 ℃; wherein, Td＝Ti-Ti-1；
If the temperature of the material TiGreater than 220 deg.C, and adjacent material temperature difference TdIf the temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the drying end condition is met, and the microwave source set stops working;
otherwise, the drying end condition is not met, and part of the microwave sources in the microwave source set continue to dry the material.
In a second possible implementation, the temperature T of the material is measurediAbove 220 deg.C, if the neighbors areMaterial temperature difference TdIf the temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the temperature rising speed is higher, and at the moment, if the microwave heating process is continued, the temperature of the material is still rapidly raised under the condition that the drying of the material is finished, so that the thermal runaway phenomenon is caused, and therefore, the temperature T of the material is met at the same timeiGreater than 220 ℃ and TdAnd when the temperature is higher than 10 ℃, namely the drying end condition is met, the microwave source set stops working.
In a third possible implementation manner of step S106, it is determined whether the drying end condition is satisfied according to the following steps:
judging the temperature T of the materialiWhether or not it is greater than 220 deg.C, and the material drying rate DRiWhether less than 0.01%;
if the temperature of the material TiGreater than 220 ℃ and at the same time the material drying rate DRiIf the microwave source concentration is less than 0.01%, the drying end condition is met, and the microwave source set stops working;
otherwise, the drying end condition is not met, and part of the microwave sources in the microwave source set continue to dry the material.
The third realization mode is that the temperature T of the material is used as the basisiAnd material drying rate DRiThe drying end condition is judged according to the two parameters, and when the material temperature T is higher than the drying end conditioniWhen the temperature is higher than 220 ℃, the overturned material is in a high-temperature dehydration state, and in order to avoid thermal runaway phenomenon, the material drying rate DR is detectediWhen the material drying rate DRiWhen the dehydration amount per unit time is less than 0.01 percent, the dehydration amount per unit time is very little, at the moment, the material drying is close to the end point, the microwave source set stops working, and the microwave drying process is finished.
In a fourth possible implementation manner of step S106, it is determined whether the drying end condition is satisfied according to the following steps:
judging the current time t and the initial time t0Time interval t betweenmWhether the time is more than 3 min;
if the time interval tmIf the time is more than 3min, the drying end condition is met, and the microwave source set stops working;
otherwise, the drying end condition is not met, and part of the microwave sources in the microwave source set continue to dry the material.
The microwave drying method provided by the application can increase the dehydration amount in a relatively short time, so that the time consumed by the drying process can be controlled within 3min, and the time interval t is tmAnd when the microwave drying process exceeds the threshold value, the drying process reaches the end point, the microwave source set stops working, and the microwave drying process is ended.
In a fifth possible implementation manner of step S106, it is determined whether the drying end condition is satisfied according to the following steps:
judging the material drying rate DRiWhether less than 0.005%;
if the material drying rate DRiIf the microwave source concentration is less than 0.005%, the drying end condition is met, and the microwave source set stops working;
otherwise, the drying end condition is not met, and part of the microwave sources in the microwave source set continue to dry the material.
When the material drying rate DRiWhen the dehydration amount per unit time of the material is less than 0.005 percent, the dehydration amount per unit time of the material is basically close to zero, and the moisture in the material is basically dried, so the operation of the microwave source set can be stopped.
In this embodiment, five methods for determining whether the drying end condition is satisfied are listed, and it should be understood that, in practical application, an appropriate drying end condition may be set specifically in combination with the material weight, the material layer thickness, the material moisture content, and the adopted drying method, and the like, and according to the drying end condition, the accurate and intelligent control of the drying end point may be realized, so as to improve the drying efficiency of the sintered fuel thick layer, and reduce the consumption of the drying process while ensuring the fuel drying effect, therefore, the determination of the drying end condition is not limited to that described in this embodiment.
Further, after the microwave drying is finished, according to the drying completion time tendAnd final material weight WendThe moisture fraction Mx and the material drying property Dx are calculated according to the following formula:
Mx＝(W0-Wend)×100/W0
Dx＝Mx/(t0-tend)
in the formula, W0Is the initial weight of the material; t is t0Is the initial time.
By initial weight W of the material0And final material weight WendThe moisture rate Mx of the material can be calculated, and the larger the moisture rate Mx is, the larger the dehydration amount of the material is; the material drying attribute Dx is used for measuring the relation between the material dehydration amount and the drying time, and the application can use shorter drying time t0-tendTo realize a large dewatering amount W0-WendTherefore, by adopting the method to carry out microwave drying on the thick sintering fuel layer, the material has good drying property, the microwave drying speed and efficiency are improved, the time consumed in the drying process is reduced, and the material is dried more sufficiently.
According to the microwave drying method, through automatic operation and control of microwave drying, when the drying stage is started at the speed reduction, the microwave rapid drying of a fuel thick material layer of about 2 kilograms is realized by adopting a material overturning mode, the thick material layer can be rapidly dried by 5-6mm, the one-time dehydration amount can be doubled, the working efficiency of microwave drying of the thick material layer is effectively improved, and the time consumed in the drying process is reduced; in addition, this application need not to add the number or the volume of drying container, microwave drying oven equipment, and is low to the on-the-spot space requirement of using, reduces the area of equipment, improves the overall stability of equipment.
As shown in fig. 4, a second embodiment of the present application provides a sintered fuel thick layer microwave drying apparatus, and the apparatus described in this embodiment can implement the method described in the first embodiment, specifically, the apparatus includes: the microwave drying device comprises a microwave drying device 1, a robot arm 2 and a clamp 3, wherein a rotating shaft 21 of the robot arm 2 is connected with the clamp 3; the microwave drying equipment 1 is internally provided with a temperature measuring element 11, a microwave source set 12 and a weighing platform 13, the weighing platform 13 is positioned below the microwave source set 12, the microwave source set 12 comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed microwave sources 121, and the microwave drying equipment 1 is provided with a remote automatic door 14.
The microwave drying equipment 1 is main equipment of the device, the robot arm 2 and the clamp 3 are auxiliary equipment of the device, and the robot arm 2 and the clamp 3 are positioned outside the microwave drying equipment 1 and used for carrying out material placing and material up-down overturning operations; be provided with pivot 21 on the robot 2, pivot 21 is connected with anchor clamps 3, and the rotation of pivot 21 can drive anchor clamps 3 and rotate, and anchor clamps 3 can the centre gripping be equipped with the container 17 of material, and when pivot 21 rotated 180 degrees, anchor clamps 3 drove the container and rotated 180 degrees to overturn the material from top to bottom. The container 17 filled with the materials can be made of high-temperature-resistant glass, plastic or ceramic materials, and when microwaves penetrate into the containers made of the materials, the microwaves cannot be absorbed or reflected by the dielectric materials of the containers, but directly penetrate through the containers and enter the materials in the containers, so that the microwave loss cannot be caused, the microwave drying efficiency can be improved, and the drying time can be shortened.
A temperature measuring element 11 is arranged in the microwave drying equipment 1 and is used for obtaining the material temperature TiThe temperature measuring element 11 can adopt an optical fiber type temperature measuring sensor or an electronic sensor such as a thermocouple and the like, which is not limited in the application; the weighing station 13 is used for placing and supporting the container with fuel and measuring the weight W of the materialiAnd initial weight W of material0Optionally, a container clamping seat 16 is arranged on the weighing platform 13, and a container 17 filled with materials can be clamped in the container clamping seat to avoid the container 17 filled with the materials from sliding or shifting; the microwave source set 12 is positioned above the weighing platform 13, the microwave source set 12 comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed microwave sources 121, and microwaves emitted by the microwave source set 12 uniformly act on the material, so that the heat generated by the material is more uniform, and the drying rate and efficiency of the material are improved; the microwave drying equipment 1 is also provided with a remote automatic door 14, when the remote automatic door 14 is closed, heat loss can be avoided, and when the remote automatic door 14 is opened, the robot arm 2 and the clamp 3 can conveniently carry out material placing and material up-down overturning operations. In addition, microwave drying equipment 1 still is provided with exhaust fan 15 and vent, and the moisture of material gets into the air in microwave drying equipment 1 after discharging, discharges vapor from microwave drying equipment 1 in time through exhaust fan 15.
Furthermore, in order to realize the automatic control and operation of the microwave drying of the sintered fuel thick material layer and improve the working efficiency of the device, the device also comprises a control unit which is configured to execute the following program steps:
the remote automatic door 14 is controlled to be opened, after the clamp 3 clamps the container 17 filled with the materials, the robot arm 2 is controlled to move, and the container 17 filled with the materials is placed on the weighing platform 13;
controlling the remote automatic door 14 to be closed to obtain the initial weight W of the material0Setting and recording an initial time t0；
At an initial time t0Controlling all the microwave sources 121 in the microwave source set 12 to start, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei；
If the intermediate condition is met, controlling the microwave source set 12 to stop working;
the remote automatic door 14 is controlled to be opened, after the clamp 3 clamps the container 17 filled with the materials, the rotating shaft 21 of the robot arm 2 is controlled to rotate 180 degrees, and the materials are turned over up and down;
controlling the remote automatic door 14 to be closed, controlling part of the microwave sources 121 in the microwave source set 12 to be started, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti；
If the drying end condition is met, controlling the microwave source set 12 to stop working, and recording the drying completion time tendObtaining the final material weight Wend。
When artifical manual material upset that carries on, scald because of material high temperature easily, and manual operation is inefficient, in this embodiment, can carry out intelligent control through the operation of the control unit to the robot 2 to accomplish the process that the material was placed and the material overturns from top to bottom automatically, convenient operation is quick, can avoid appearing the incident, improves drying efficiency, reduces the time that drying process consumed. After the drying process is finished, the container 17 with the materials can be taken out of the microwave drying equipment 1 by using the robot 2 and the clamp 3 so as to carry out subsequent particle size composition detection. Therefore, in the whole microwave drying process, manual operation is not needed, and intelligent and rapid microwave drying of a sintering fuel thick material layer can be achieved through the control unit.
Furthermore, the control unit may be further configured to execute the program steps of the five possible implementations of S106 in the first embodiment, or other program steps of determining whether the drying end condition is satisfied. Meanwhile, the control unit may be further configured to execute the program steps of determining whether the intermediate condition is satisfied in the first embodiment, and according to the drying completion time tendAnd final material weight WendThe water fraction Mx and the material drying property Dx are calculated according to the description of the first embodiment, and the description of this embodiment is omitted.
In an embodiment of the microwave drying apparatus for a thick sintered fuel layer provided in the third embodiment of the present application, based on the apparatus structure of the second embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, in the third embodiment, the microwave source set 12 includes four microwave sources 121, and the four microwave sources 121 are distributed in a 2-order matrix, and then the control unit is further configured to execute the following program steps:
at an initial time t0Controlling four microwave sources in the microwave source set to start, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei(ii) a And the number of the first and second groups,
after the materials are turned over up and down, controlling a remote automatic door to be closed, controlling two opposite-angle microwave sources in the microwave source set to be started, and acquiring the weight W of the dried materials every unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti。
The four microwave sources 121 are distributed in a 2-order matrix mode, so that the four microwave sources 121 can be distributed more uniformly and intensively. The microwaves generated by the microwave source assembly 12 can fully penetrate into the material, polar molecules of the material interact in a more uniform and concentrated microwave field, the material temperature rise speed is higher, the heat distribution is more uniform, and the improvement of the material drying rate DR is facilitatediThereby improving the efficiency of micro-drying and reducing the time consumed by the drying process.
Regarding the number of the microwave sources 121 included in the microwave source assembly 12, if the number of the microwave sources 121 is small, the temperature of the material is slowly raised, the drying efficiency is low, and the drying process takes a long time, and if the number of the microwave sources 121 is too large, not only the equipment cost is increased, but also the volume and the occupied space of the microwave drying equipment are increased, therefore, based on the microwave drying method provided by the foregoing embodiment, for the sintered fuel sample with the weight of about 2 kg and the fuel of more than 3cm and the water content of 7-15%, the number of the microwave sources 121 included in the microwave source assembly 12 is 4, and the 4 microwave sources 121 are distributed in a 2-order matrix form, while improving the microwave drying efficiency, being beneficial to reducing the volume of the microwave drying equipment 1, the length and width of the microwave drying equipment 1 can be controlled to be 1.0m × 1.0m, the device described in the embodiment is suitable for more application field spaces.
The four microwave sources 121 are distributed in a 2-order matrix form, each microwave source 121 is numbered, and assumed to be MWS11, MWS12, MWS21 and MWS22, after the material is turned upside down, only a part of the microwave sources 121 in the microwave source set 12 need to be turned on, and the part of the microwave sources form a proper subset of { MWS11, MWS12, MWS21 and MWS22 }. However, in these proper subsets, the set with 1 number of microwave sources 121 may be selected from the sets with 2 or 3 numbers of microwave sources 121, since the small number of microwave sources 121 may relatively result in low drying rate and efficiency, and increase drying time. For example, { MWS11, MWS12} is two microwave sources on the same row, or { MWS11, MWS21} is two microwave sources on the same column, and similar to this selection, the microwave cannot act on the material uniformly; for another example, the selection of "triangle" such as { MWS11, MWS12, MWS21} also results in that the microwave cannot uniformly act on the material, and the number of the turned-on microwave sources 3 is relatively large, which results in large energy consumption.
In each proper subset of { MWS11, MWS12, MWS21 and MWS22}, { MWS11, MWS22} and { MWS12 and MWS21} are two microwave sources which are positioned at opposite angles respectively, after the materials are turned over up and down, the MWS11 and the MWS22 are turned on, or the MWS12 and the MWS21 are turned on, in the radiation range of the microwave sources, the generated microwave field can uniformly and fully act on the materials, thermal runaway caused by too fast temperature rise of the materials is avoided, the number of the turned-on microwave sources is relatively small, microwave drying efficiency is guaranteed, and energy consumption can be reduced.
For other forms of microwave source assemblies 12, according to the number of the included microwave sources 121, the arrangement mode of each microwave source 121, and other factors, after the material is turned upside down, which microwave sources need to be turned on are reasonably selected, so as to ensure that the formed microwave field can uniformly and fully act on the material, and meanwhile, the number of turned-on microwave sources can be relatively reduced.
It will be understood that the application is not limited to the precise construction herein described and shown in the drawings, but is intended to cover other modifications, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains.
According to the technical scheme, the microwave drying method and the microwave drying device for the sintering fuel thick material layer can obtain the weight W of the material once per unit time in the microwave drying processiCombining the initial weight W of the materials0Then the material drying rate DR can be calculatediWhen DR is satisfiedi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2During the material drying process, the material drying process enters a speed reduction drying stage, the water content is generally 7-15% according to the moisture characteristic of the sintering fuel, and when the initial water loss rate M of the material is higher than the initial water loss rate M0When the water content exceeds 5 percent, the resistance of the outward diffusion of the internal water content is large, so that the drying efficiency is reduced, at the moment, the microwave source set stops working, the material is turned over up and down, so that the internal high-water-content particles of the fuel move to the surface, the external low-water-content particles move to the inside of the fuel, then the microwave drying is continued, and during the period, the weight W of the dried material is obtained once per unit timeiAnd material temperature TiAnd judging whether the drying end condition is met or not, namely intelligently controlling the microwave drying end point according to the material drying state parameters so that the material drying meets the production requirement. When the drying condition is met, the microwave source set stops working, and the drying completion time t is recordedendObtaining the final material weight WendTo obtain the dehydration rate of the material in the followingAnd drying properties to measure and guide the microwave drying process. According to the microwave drying method, through automatic operation and control of microwave drying, when the drying stage is started at the speed reduction, the microwave rapid drying of a fuel thick material layer of about 2 kilograms is realized by adopting a material overturning mode, the thick material layer can be rapidly dried by 5-6mm, the one-time dehydration amount can be doubled, the working efficiency of microwave drying of the thick material layer is effectively improved, and the time consumed in the drying process is reduced; in addition, this application need not to add the number or the volume of drying container, microwave drying oven equipment, and is low to the on-the-spot space requirement of using, reduces the area of equipment, improves the overall stability of equipment.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that the techniques of the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by software and the related equipment involved in the sintered fuel thick layer microwave drying device. In a specific implementation, the present application further provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium may store a program, and the program may include some or all of the steps in the embodiments of the method and apparatus for microwave drying a thick sintered fuel layer provided in the present application when executed. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM) or a Random Access Memory (RAM).
The same and similar parts in the various embodiments are referred to each other in this specification.
The above-described embodiments of the present application do not limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. A microwave drying method for a sintering fuel thick layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining the initial weight W of the material0Setting and recording an initial time t0；
At an initial time t0Starting all microwave sources in the microwave source set, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei；
If the intermediate condition is met, stopping the operation of the microwave source set, and turning the material up and down;
starting part of the microwave sources in the microwave source set, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti；
If the drying end condition is met, the microwave source set stops working, and the drying completion time t is recordedendObtaining the final material weight Wend。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein if the intermediate condition is met, the microwave source assembly is deactivated and the method further comprises, prior to the step of turning the material upside down:
according to the initial weight W of the material0And the weight W of the dried materialiThe drying rate DR of the material was calculated according to the following formulaiAnd the initial water loss rate M of the material0：
DRi＝(Wi-1-Wi)/W0
M0＝(W0-Wi)/W0
In the formula, WiThe weight of the dried material is corresponding to the ith unit time; wi-1The weight of the dried material corresponding to the unit time of i-1; w0Is the initial weight of the material.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining whether the intermediate condition is satisfied is performed according to the steps of:
judging whether the material drying rate meets DRi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2And initial water loss rate M of material0Whether it is greater than 5%;
if the material drying rate satisfies DRi＜DRi-1＜DRi-2At the same time, the initial water loss rate M of the material0If the ratio is more than 5%, the intermediate condition is satisfied.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of whether the end-of-drying condition is satisfied is made according to the steps of:
judging the temperature T of the materialiWhether the temperature is more than 250 ℃;
if the temperature of the material TiIf the temperature is higher than 250 ℃, the drying end condition is met.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of whether the end-of-drying condition is satisfied is made according to the steps of:
judging whether the temperature T of the material is metiWhether it is more than 220 deg.C and the temperature difference T between adjacent materialsdWhether the temperature is more than 10 ℃; wherein, Td＝Ti-Ti-1；
If the temperature of the material TiGreater than 220 deg.C, and adjacent material temperature difference TdIf the temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the drying end condition is met.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of whether the end-of-drying condition is satisfied is made according to the steps of:
judging the temperature T of the materialiWhether or not it is greater than 220 deg.C, and the material drying rate DRiWhether less than 0.01%;
if the temperature of the material TiGreater than 220 ℃ and at the same time the material drying rate DRiIf the content is less than 0.01%, the drying end condition is satisfied.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of whether the end-of-drying condition is satisfied is made according to the steps of:
judging the current time t and the initial time t0Time interval t betweenmWhether the time is more than 3 min;
if the time interval tmAnd if the time is more than 3min, the drying end condition is met.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination of whether the end-of-drying condition is satisfied is made according to the steps of:
judging the material drying rate DRiWhether or not less than 0.005％；
If the material drying rate DRiIf the content is less than 0.005%, the drying end condition is satisfied.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: according to the drying completion time tendAnd the final material weight WendThe moisture fraction Mx and the material drying property Dx are calculated according to the following formula:
Mx＝(W0-Wend)×100/W0
Dx＝Mx/(t0-tend)
in the formula, W0Is the initial weight of the material; t is t0Is the initial time.
10. A microwave drying device for a thick material layer of a sintered fuel is characterized by comprising: the microwave drying device comprises a microwave drying device, a robot hand and a clamp, wherein a rotating shaft of the robot hand is connected with the clamp; the microwave drying equipment is internally provided with a temperature measuring element, a microwave source set and a weighing table, wherein the weighing table is positioned below the microwave source set, the microwave source set comprises a plurality of uniformly distributed microwave sources, and the microwave drying equipment is provided with a remote automatic door; the device further comprises a control unit configured to perform the following program steps:
the remote automatic door is controlled to be opened, after the clamp clamps the container filled with the materials, the robot hand is controlled to move, and the container filled with the materials is placed on the weighing platform;
controlling the remote automatic door to close to obtain the initial weight W of the material0Setting and recording an initial time t0；
At an initial time t0Controlling all the microwave sources in the microwave source set to start, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei；
If the intermediate condition is met, controlling the microwave source set to stop working;
the remote automatic door is controlled to be opened, after the clamp clamps the container filled with the materials, a rotating shaft of a robot hand is controlled to rotate 180 degrees, and the materials are turned over up and down;
controlling the remote automatic door to close, controlling part of microwave sources in the microwave source set to start, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti；
If the drying end condition is met, controlling the microwave source set to stop working, and recording the drying completion time tendObtaining the final material weight Wend。
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the set of microwave sources comprises four microwave sources, the four sources being distributed in a 2 nd order matrix, the control unit being further configured to perform the following program steps:
at an initial time t0Controlling four microwave sources in the microwave source set to start, and acquiring the weight W of the dried material once per unit timei(ii) a And the number of the first and second groups,
after the materials are turned over up and down, controlling a remote automatic door to be closed, controlling two opposite-angle microwave sources in the microwave source set to be started, and acquiring the weight W of the dried materials every unit timeiAnd material temperature Ti。
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| WO2005059064A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-06-30 | Coaltek Corporation | A pre-burning, dry process methodology and systems for enhancing solid fuel properties |
| CN102972520A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-03-20 | 重庆博沃发动机配件制造有限公司 | overturning drying machine and operation method thereof |
| CN205228068U (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-11 | 四川安宁铁钛股份有限公司 | Microwave dryer |
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| JPH03100439A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1991-04-25 | Chubu Electric Power Co Inc | Method for controlling microwave heating and drying machine |
| WO2005059064A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-06-30 | Coaltek Corporation | A pre-burning, dry process methodology and systems for enhancing solid fuel properties |
| CN102972520A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-03-20 | 重庆博沃发动机配件制造有限公司 | overturning drying machine and operation method thereof |
| CN205228068U (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-11 | 四川安宁铁钛股份有限公司 | Microwave dryer |
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