CN1101583A - Point nerve stimulation therapeutic method and its apparatus for narcotic abstinence - Google Patents
Point nerve stimulation therapeutic method and its apparatus for narcotic abstinence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method which makes the different kinds of opioid peptides in the central nervous system release and drug addict escape from addiction through the specific frequency stimalation on the limbs acupoints. Said invention also discloses acupoints nerves stimulation apparatus for the above mentioned method. Said apparatus features that it can produce 2Hz, 100 Hz and alternatively 2Hz/100Hz electric pulses and can select one of them in accordance with the need of the theraphy for the sufferer. Through 212 cases clinical practices, it is shown that said method and apparatus possess of good curative effects.
Description
The present invention relates to be used for the acupuncture point neurostimulation methods and the device thereof of junkie withdrawal.
The present invention's said " poison " refers to drugs, and it comprises opium and extract thereof, as morphine, heroin and cocaine, also comprises their various preparations, as powder, and injection etc.
Drug abuse is a ubiquitous common problem in countries in the world.It not only directly wrecks the physical and mental health of junkie, even threat to life, but also can bring disaster upon and family.More serious, it has become one and has related to the economy of country and the problem of politics.Therefore, various countries all will spend the withdrawal that great amount of manpower and material resources and financial resources are used for junkie every year.In recent years, injection is taken drugs again for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis B bring new route of transmission, and its consequence is even more serious.
Traditional method that makes the junkie withdrawal also is at present still in the method for using, and is junkie to be delivered to narcotic house or narcotic house make junkie gradually reduce dependence to drugs by successively decrease dosage or substitute, until withdrawal.But this withdrawal method does not impel intravital opioid peptide to discharge.So, on curative effect, be affected, be easy to repeatedly, on the other hand, wherein some may be to the substitute addiction.
Enter the seventies, because people find that in the acupuncture analgesia Study on Mechanism its main mechanism is to impel the release of central nervous system's endogenous opiatepeptide.This discovery is applied to very soon by the auricular acupuncture treatment nicotine cravings, as SU-1022708A, and FR-2596655A, CN-1035056A and SU-1577793A are disclosed.Be used for is disclosed EP-0408783A1 on January 23rd, 1991 as the said junkie withdrawal of the present invention, this patent application square wave of 100Hz, the pulsewidth of this square wave is 1ms, amplitude is 20v or lower, the mastoid process zone of stimulation ear back makes two types of endogenous opiatepeptide, be that beta-endorphin and dynorphin discharge, make drugs or alcohol addiction person withdrawal.But the document is not noticed the difference on the electricity irritation frequency of being released in of beta-endorphin and dynorphin, and therefore, curative effect is not high.Experiment by the inventor is confirmed (J.S.Han and R.L.Zhang, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 31,1993 169-175) to this.
Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that makes the junkie withdrawal on the human body limb acupuncture point with electricity irritation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of acupuncture point nerve stimulation device that makes the junkie withdrawal that is applicable to said method.
As previously mentioned, the main mechanism of acupuncture analgesia is to impel the release of central nervous system's endogenous opiatepeptide.Opioid peptide comprises three types, i.e. the beta-endorphin of forming by 31 aminoacid, and the enkephalin of forming by 5 aminoacid, and the dynorphin of forming by 17 aminoacid, they all are present in the brain.Experimental results show that: the acusector of different frequency can impel the central nervous system to discharge different types of opioid peptide.The electroacupuncture stimulation of low frequency 2Hz can impel the release of central nervous system's beta-endorphin and enkephalin, the path that discharges is that the neural impulse that the 2Hz signal stimulus causes is up to hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, cause the beta-endorphin neuronal excitation, discharge beta-endorphin at midbrain, cause that again spinal cord discharges enkephalin; And the electricity irritation of high frequency 100Hz only need be up to the parabrachial nuclei of pon, can return the release that spinal cord causes dynorphin; And by alternately can impel release (the Wang Q. of beta-endorphin, enkephalin and dynorphin simultaneously with the electroacupuncture stimulation of 2Hz and 100Hz, Mao L.M., Han J.S., Chinese J.Physiological Sciences, 7:363-367,1991; Wang Q., Mao L.M., Han J.S., Brain Res.513:60-66,1990).
On the other hand, clinical trial certificate, when giving patient's multiple injection morphine, its effect will weaken gradually, be referred to as " morphine tolerance ".And when carrying out major operation under needle anaesthesia, if operation was carried out 6-8 hour continuously, the analgesic effect that reason acupuncture anesthesia causes also weakens gradually, takes place " acusector tolerance ".Experiment is proof also: to the animal that tolerance takes place acusector, cross tolerance is taken place also morphine, this illustrates that both have identical receptor mechanism.Inference thus: when the body endogenous opioid peptides is too much, might impel body to generate the effect that some materials resist the opium of external source, this material is referred to as " AOS ".Experiment showed, that this " AOS " exists in vivo, and the 5-8 kind is arranged, wherein the strongest with the effect of CCK-8.
In addition, experiment proof also: the effect of the electroacupuncture stimulation by limb point is better than the ear acupuncture effect of stimulation by ear.
Based on above-mentioned mechanism, the method that is used for the junkie withdrawal provided by the invention, it is characterized in that at least two counter electrode are placed respectively on two Different Acupoint of patient's limbs, as Nei Guan and Wai Guan, with 2Hz or 100Hz or the above-mentioned acupuncture point of the alternative electric pulse stimulation of 2Hz, 100Hz, can impel one or more releases of central nervous system's endogenous opiatepeptide then.
The present invention also provides a kind of acupuncture point nerve stimulation device that is used for the junkie withdrawal, it comprises having two pairs of (as Nei Guan and Wai Guan) electrodes on two Different Acupoint that can place human body limb at least, one is used to produce 2Hz, 100Hz and alternative 2Hz, the 100Hz electric pulse and electrical stimulation device that can select one output, the said acupuncture point of said electrode stimulating that the electric pulse of said electrical stimulation device output is attached thereto by lead is so that impel the central nervous system to discharge dissimilar opioid peptide.
The method and apparatus that the present invention is used for the acupuncture point nerve stimulation of junkie withdrawal carries out 9 months by a definite date clinical observation to 212 routine opiomaniacs of three narcotic houses.212 examples of going into group all meet the standard diagnostics of DMS-3-R, wherein: male 161 examples, women 51 examples, the oldest 38 years old, minimum 15 years old, the amount of sucking was generally 2-6 gram/sky, the drug abuse mode: snorting 186 examples, drugs are mixed suction 16 examples, intravenous injection 10 examples with medicated cigarette.Above-mentioned case is treated by the inventive method and device, once a day, and each 30 minutes.Just can make too high heart rate decline (P＜0.01) first after the treatment, (effective percentage is more than 85% to produce warmth sensation and gratified sense, press sequential experiment statistics analysis: 2a=β=0.05, promptly has significant difference), (effective percentage is more than 85% to make dysphoric patient change sleep state over to, statistical analysis technique is the same), alleviate fidgety, be afraid of cold, watery nasal discharge tear, yawn and withdrawal symptom (effective percentage is more than 85%, and statistical analysis technique is the same) such as anxiety; Can eliminate " having palpitation " (P＜0.01) in the 4th to the 5th, obviously weight increase (P＜0.05); Can make the complete withdrawal of opiomaniac in the 7th to the tenth.
The present invention will be more readily apparent from by the detailed description of doing below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and still, this never means any limitation of the invention.Accompanying drawing has:
Fig. 1 is the acupuncture point nerve stimulation device perspective view that makes the junkie withdrawal according to of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view that places the electrode on the human body limb acupuncture point;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of electrical stimulation device;
Fig. 4 A is the pulse generating unit circuit diagram of electrical stimulation device;
Fig. 4 B is the FL oscillogram of the Q14 end output of pulse generating unit U1;
Fig. 4 C is the FH oscillogram of the Q3 output of pulse generating unit U2:A;
Fig. 5 A is the pulse control unit circuit diagram of electrical stimulation device;
Fig. 5 B is the Q of electrical stimulation device U4:A and the oscillogram of Q end output;
Fig. 5 C is the Q of electrical stimulation device U4:B and the oscillogram of Q end output;
Fig. 6 is the arteries and veins kind selecting arrangement circuit diagram of electrical stimulation device;
Fig. 7 is the pulse width control device circuit diagram of electricity irritation dress;
Fig. 8 is the pulse-separator unit circuit diagram of electrical stimulation device;
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of the alternation switch constant-current source output device of electrical stimulation device;
Figure 10 is the way of output control device circuit diagram of electrical stimulation device;
Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of the timing means of electrical stimulation device;
Figure 12 is the pulse sequence figure of electrical stimulation device.
With reference to Fig. 1, shown in the figure is the perspective view that is used to make the acupuncture point nerve stimulation device 10 of junkie withdrawal, it comprises the electrical stimulation device 11 that can export 2Hz or 100Hz or the alternative electric pulse of 2Hz/100Hz, at least be two pairs and can place said acupuncture point of electrode 12(such as the connected valleys on the human body limb acupuncture point, tsu san li), and electrode 12 is connected to lead 13 on the electrical stimulation device 11, therefore, the acupuncture point that the signal of telecommunication that electrical stimulation device 11 is exported stimulates on the human body limb by lead 13 and electrode 12, impel one or more releases in the nerve centre system endogenous opiatepeptide, make the junkie withdrawal.
Shown in Figure 2 is the profile of electrode 12 in the stimulating apparatus of the present invention, it comes down to a percutaneous electrode, it comprises that is scribbling being used for entire electrode sticked on and sticking layer 25 on the described acupuncture point of binding material on the one surface, a conductive diffusion layer 22(such as metal forming are arranged sticking layer 25 coating adhesives one side), at the center that sticks layer 25 and conductive diffusion layer 22 one one end being arranged is the disk that radially extends, the other end is spheric conductive pole 24, said spherical part extends to the outside that sticks layer and is enough to make the snap-fastener 23 of conduction to form the press-button type connection with it, at the opposite side of conductive diffusion layer 22, comprise that there is the gel layer 26 of a conduction conductive pole 24 bottoms.A releasable protecting film 27 is arranged and stick layer 25 and be connected at non-working condition.During use,, above-mentioned electrode is placed on the said acupuncture point as long as protecting film 27 is removed.Kind electrode can be US-4926828, the disclosed electrode of EP-0225241.
Fig. 3 is the Fang Shutu of electrical stimulation device 11, and it is made up of each functional device as shown in Fig. 4 A, Fig. 5 A, Fig. 6 to Figure 11.
Circuit shown in Fig. 4 A is the pulse generating unit among Fig. 3, the high-precision agitator that this circuit is made up of crystal XTAL and capacitor C 1, C2 and resistance R 1, it is the square wave of 32768HZ that this agitator produces frequency, the frequency divider U1 that this square wave is formed by 4060 integrated packages, square wave electric pulse FL at frequency of the Q14 of U1 end output low frequency that is 2Hz, its waveform is shown in Fig. 4 B, and the pulse width of square wave is 0.25 millisecond, and amplitude is about 9 volts.Another outfan Q5 of frequency divider U1 is 10 times high frequency electric pulse 10FH of output, this electric pulse is sent into next frequency divider U2:A, the function of U2:A is finished by half of 4518 integrated packages, the electric pulse of its outfan Q3 output is the square wave of 100Hz, its pulsewidth is 5 milliseconds, the same FL of amplitude, waveform is seen Fig. 4 C.
Circuit shown in Fig. 5 A is the pulse control unit among Fig. 3, Q14 by frequency divider U1 holds the low-frequency electric pulse enter counter U3:B of the 2Hz that exports as clocked signal, through 2 countings, after promptly 1 second, outfan Q1 is in high potential, and then through 4 countings, after promptly 2 seconds, outfan Q2 is in high potential, this moment and door U7:A gating, through resistance R 3, the integrating circuit that capacitor C 4 is formed resets enumerator U3:B, the formation cycle is 3 seconds a pulse signal thus, and d type flip flop U4:A(4013/2 is triggered in the forward position of this pulse signal), forming one-period is 6 seconds, dutycycle is 50% control square wave, is exported respectively as high by U4:A outfan Q and Q, the control signal that the low frequency alternating wave forms.Trigger d type flip flop U4:B(4013/2 by the signal leading edge that the Q end of U4:A is exported), the formation cycle is 12 seconds, dutycycle is 50% control square wave, and this control square wave is exported the control signal of exporting the alternation pattern as this device two-way respectively by outfan Q and the Q end of U4:B.
Fig. 5 B is the oscillogram of U4:A outfan Q and Q.What Q of outfan shown in the figure and Q exported is respectively to be 6 seconds in the cycle, and pulsewidth is 3 seconds opposite square waves of phase place.
Fig. 5 C is the oscillogram of U4:B outfan Q and Q.What Q of outfan shown in the figure and Q exported is respectively to be 12 seconds in the cycle, and pulsewidth is 6 seconds opposite square waves of phase place.
Circuit shown in Figure 6 is the arteries and veins kind selecting arrangement shown in Fig. 3, and it is by switch S 1A and S1B, forms with door U5:A and U5:B and two diode D2 and D3 for two.In this circuit, switch S 1A, S1B choose different two AND circuits of current potential combination control U5:A, U5:B, and the output of two AND circuits is through diode D2, and the OR circuit that D3 and R6 form is exported.U5:A gating FL wherein, U5:B gating FH.Switch S 1 has three kinds of selections:
1, when U5:A gating FL, U5:B closes, and at this moment U6:A is delivered in the low-frequency electric pulse FL of 2Hz warp or door output;
2, square wave control U5:A and the U5:B that is produced by U4:A is when the output of the outfan Q of U4:A is in high potential, U5:A gating FL; When the outfan Q of U4:A was in electronegative potential, outfan Q was in high potential, U5:B gating FH, as previously mentioned, Q and Q end output duty cycle is 50%, thus or gate output terminal obtain FL and each 3 seconds alternative dilatational wave of FH;
3, when U5:B gating FH, U5:A closes, and what at this moment export is high frequency electric pulse FH warp or the door output of 100Hz, delivers to U6:A.
Circuit shown in Figure 7 is the pulse-width controlled device of Fig. 3, and this part is by U6:A(4013/2), audion Q13, resistance R 7, R8 and R9 and capacitor C 5 form.The monostable circuit that the arteries and veins kind selects the square wave drive of circuit output to be made of U6:A.When selecting circuit U 5:A gating, transistor Q13 base stage is in high potential, and Q13 ends, and the pulse width of U6:A output at this moment is by the time constant decision of R7 and C5; Otherwise transistor Q13 base stage is in electronegative potential, the Q13 conducting, and the pulse width of U6:A output is by the time constant decision of R7//R9 and C5.Therefore, the pulse width during the FH high frequency of gating 100Hz is 0.2 millisecond; Pulse width during the FL low frequency of gating 2Hz is 0.6 millisecond.The waveform of this circuit output is as sequential chart A(Figure 12) shown in.
Circuit shown in Figure 8 is the pulse-separator unit among Fig. 3.Output spike train rising edge by the pulse-width controlled device triggers the d type flip flop of being made up of U6:B (4013/2), the outfan Q of this trigger and Q control U5C and two of U5D and door respectively, with the odd and even number sequence number pulse separation in the spike train of prime output, by B road output odd column, C road output even column, Q1 and Q2 are respectively the emitter follower of two-way, so that drive the alternation switch circuit of subordinate.Sequential chart B, the C of pulse separation part see Figure 12.
Circuit shown in Figure 9 is the alternation switch constant-current source output device among Fig. 3.This circuit comprises two parts, and promptly I road and the II road of controlling respectively with U7:B and U7:C among the figure because principle, the structure of this two-way are identical, therefore, is the example explanation with the I road now.
Audion Q6 among the figure and Q7 constitute on-off circuit, and its base stage is controlled respectively by pulse separation part B shown in Figure 8, C two row pulses, works in the on off state of alternate conduction.Produce alternate and pulse current that direction is opposite at output transformer B1 primary side.The odd and even number sequence number that obtains in the B1 secondary windings is reverse train of pulse mutually, and this train of pulse passes through socket J1 through lead, the electrode stimulating acupuncture point.The sequential chart of train of pulse is represented with D in Figure 12.
The current intensity that the elementary winding of output transformer B1 flows through depends on the collector current IC5 as the crystal triode Q5 of constant-current source, because output transformer B1 designs by current transformer, so, its secondary windings can form constant-current source output in the 0-2KOhm load, the current intensity scope is the 0-50 milliampere, and POT1 regulates continuously with potentiometer.POT1 will add on the base stage of crystal triode Q4, so that regulate its collector current IC4 from the spike train dividing potential drop of U6:A through control gate U7:B output.And the colelctor electrode of crystal triode Q4 is made the constant-current source feed to the base circuit of crystal triode Q5, the integrated electrode current IC4 of crystal triode is the base current Ib5 of crystal triode Q5, at last finishes constant-current source feed to output transformer B1 by the integrated utmost point of crystal triode Q5.This device constant-current source output circuit output current intensity scope can be calibrated by the variable resistance R11 on the emitter circuit that is serially connected in crystal triode Q4.
In addition, the signal from U7:B sends into through emitter follower transistor Q3 and current-limiting resistance R10 driven for emitting lights diode (LED) 1, shows the duty of this output stage.Capacitor C 7 is finished the decoupling effect of circuit.
Circuit shown in Figure 10 is the way of output control device of Fig. 3.This device control I, two groups of independence output devices of II make it both can " synchronously " work also can " replace " work, are in diverse location by switch S 2 and select, and this circuit is the double as on and off switch also.The I of electrical stimulation device of the present invention, II two-way output stage duty show (Fig. 9) respectively by LED 1 and LED2.
When switch S 2B placed position 2, supply voltage VDD connected simultaneously the control gate U7B and the U7C of I, two groups of circuit of II through diode D5 and D4, and two equal gatings of door are exported two groups of circuit synchronously to load.
When switch S 2B places position 3, outfan Q and the Q of the U4:B in the aforementioned pulse control portion, each drives a door, makes it alternately gating, and two-way is alternately exported load like this.Gating time is half of U:4B output pulse period, promptly 6 seconds.
Circuit shown in Figure 11 is the timing means among Fig. 3.This device is held the clocked signal of the 2Hz electric pulse of output as enumerator U2 by the Q14 of the U1 in the pulse generating unit, behind electric power starting, U2(integrated package 4040) each contact Q5, Q10, Q11, Q12 time deferred slow 8 seconds, 256 seconds, be in high potential after 512 seconds and 1024 seconds, like this after 1800 seconds (30 minutes), by resistance 21, diode D7, D8, D9, D10 form with the door gating, make U1 blocking-up in the pulse generating unit through diode D1, vibration stops, and whole device is in the retardance state.Powered-down can be started shooting then again, and VDD is through C3, and the C14 charging makes U1, and U2 resets, and unbalanced pulse generating means and timing means are reworked.
The applicant has made detailed explanation with regard to design of the present invention and embodiment; should be understood that; can also make various conversion and improvement for this professional those of ordinary skill on the basis of the above description, but these conversion and improvement are all within the claimed scope of appending claims of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1, a kind of acupuncture point neurostimulation methods that is used for the junkie withdrawal, it is characterized in that having at least two counter electrode to place on the human body limb acupuncture point, with a series of 2Hz or 100Hz or the alternative electric pulse of 2Hz/100Hz by the said acupuncture point of said electrode stimulating, so that impel one or more releases of central nervous system's endogenous opiatepeptide.
2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, the electric pulse that it is characterized in that 2Hz is used to impel the release of central nervous system's beta-endorphin and enkephalin.
3, in accordance with the method for claim 1, the electric pulse that it is characterized in that 100Hz is used to impel the release of central nervous system's dynorphin.
4, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the alternative electric pulse of 2Hz/100Hz is used to impel the release of central nervous system's beta-endorphin, enkephalin and dynorphin.
5, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the alternative electric pulse of 2Hz or 100Hz or 2Hz/100Hz is to be produced by same electrical stimulation device, and control a kind of output in above-mentioned three kinds of electric pulses by the selection output circuit in this device.
6, in accordance with the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that said electrical stimulation device also comprises pulse generating unit, pulse control unit, arteries and veins kind selecting arrangement, pulse width control device, pulse-separator unit, alternation switch constant current output device, way of output control device and timing means.
7, a kind of acupuncture point nerve stimulation device that is used for the junkie withdrawal, it is characterized in that the electrode that has at least two pairs can place on the human body limb acupuncture point, one can produce 2Hz, the alternative electric pulse of 100Hz and 2Hz/100Hz also can be selected an electrical stimulation device of exporting, and is used for the device with said electrical stimulation device and said electrode realization electrical connection.
8,, it is characterized in that said electrode is a percutaneous electrode according to the described device of claim 7.
9,, it is characterized in that said electrical stimulation device comprises pulse generating unit, pulse control unit, arteries and veins kind selecting arrangement, pulse width control device, pulse-separator unit, alternation switch constant current output device, way of output control device and timing means according to the described device of claim 7.
10, according to the described device of claim 7, the pulse width that it is characterized in that described 2Hz electric pulse is 0.6 millisecond, and output current intensity is the 0-50 milliampere.
11, according to the described device of claim 7, the pulse width that it is characterized in that described 100Hz electric pulse is 0.2 millisecond, and output current intensity is the 0-50 milliampere.
12, according to the described device of claim 7, it is characterized in that the pulse duration of the electric pulse 2Hz during described 2Hz/100Hz is alternately is 3 seconds, the pulse duration of 100Hz is 3 seconds.
13,, it is characterized in that the alternative electric pulse of described 2Hz, 100Hz or 2Hz/100Hz all exports with the positive negative pulse stuffing form according to the described device of any one claim among the claim 7-11.
14,, it is characterized in that the alternative electric pulse of described 2Hz, 100Hz or 2Hz/100Hz is constant current output according to the described device of claim 12.
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| CN94107366A CN1037154C (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1994-07-11 | Point nerve stimulation therapeutic method and its apparatus for narcotic abstinence |
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| CN94107366A CN1037154C (en) | 1994-07-11 | 1994-07-11 | Point nerve stimulation therapeutic method and its apparatus for narcotic abstinence |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2433699B (en) * | 2004-10-07 | 2009-05-20 | Moleac Pte Ltd | An electro-acupuncture device for aiding smoking cessation |
| CN103239805A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-08-14 | 苏州科医世凯半导体技术有限责任公司 | LED multi-path irradiating drug detoxification apparatus |
| WO2015042365A1 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2015-03-26 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Electro-stimulation systems, methods, and apparatus for treating pain |
| CN108888860A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-27 | 成都三乙医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of physiotherapy paster |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2030091U (en) * | 1987-10-24 | 1989-01-04 | 开封陆军一五五医院 | Hemiplegia cure instrument |
| JPH01175614A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1989-07-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Voltage stabilizing circuit |
| US4865048A (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-09-12 | Eckerson Harold D | Method and apparatus for drug free neurostimulation |
-
1994
- 1994-07-11 CN CN94107366A patent/CN1037154C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2433699B (en) * | 2004-10-07 | 2009-05-20 | Moleac Pte Ltd | An electro-acupuncture device for aiding smoking cessation |
| CN103239805A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-08-14 | 苏州科医世凯半导体技术有限责任公司 | LED multi-path irradiating drug detoxification apparatus |
| WO2015042365A1 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2015-03-26 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Electro-stimulation systems, methods, and apparatus for treating pain |
| CN108888860A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-27 | 成都三乙医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of physiotherapy paster |
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Granted publication date: 19980128 Termination date: 20090711 |