CN110158112A - A kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3-It is converted into IO4-Electrolytic method - Google Patents

A kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3-It is converted into IO4-Electrolytic method Download PDF

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CN110158112A
CN110158112A CN201910334680.3A CN201910334680A CN110158112A CN 110158112 A CN110158112 A CN 110158112A CN 201910334680 A CN201910334680 A CN 201910334680A CN 110158112 A CN110158112 A CN 110158112A
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converted
solution
electrochemical oxidation
anode
diaphragm
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CN110158112B (en
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甘永平
姚兵
张文魁
黄辉
夏阳
张俊
梁初
贺馨平
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/24Halogens or compounds thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/075Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
    • C25B11/077Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the compound being a non-noble metal oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C25B13/04Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
    • C25B13/08Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3 It is converted into IO4 Electrolytic method, belong to electrochemistry formated inorganic matter manufacturing field, be based on diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell, the diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell is made of investigation of titanium anode coated with metal oxide anode, metal or alloy electrode cathode and cation membrane;The electrolytic method is with MIO3Solution and H2SO4The mixed solution of solution is anolyte, H2SO4Solution is catholyte, is electrolysed by the way of constant current or time-dependent current, by IO3 It is converted into IO4 , M is Na or K.The features such as iodate is converted periodate by the electrochemical oxidation process, has operating method simple, and product purity is high, and current efficiency is more than 90%;Compared to chlorine oxidation process, no three wastes is generated in the reaction process, and production cost is low, especially suitable for industrial periodate oxidation vicinal diamines, the recycling and reusing of iodate in waste liquid.

Description

A kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3-It is converted into IO4-Electrolytic method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, belong to electrochemistry formated inorganic matter Manufacturing field.
Background technique
Periodate ion (IO4 -) periodate usually is formed with potassium or sodium, it is a kind of there is efficient selective, chemically The mild oxidant of matter, it can be such that the carbon-carbon bond of vicinal diamines is broken, and alcoholic extract hydroxyl group is converted into corresponding aldehyde, ketone, and can be quantitatively anti- It answers, so being widely used in the fields such as organic synthesis, molecular biochemistry, instrument micro-analysis.For example, sodium metaperiodate by with In oxycellulose, a variety of bio-compatibles and biodegradable compound are synthesized, are used for drug delivery, fluorescence probe and operation Suture etc..
Currently, the preparation method of synthesis periodate is mainly that the chemical reagent of strong oxidizing property is used to aoxidize iodate, it is main There are chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, ozone and potassium hydrogen persulfate reagent etc..Chlorine and sodium hypochlorite are strong to iodate oxidability, but This method needs carry out in strongly basic medium, and the consumption of raw material is big, and economic cost is higher, while can also generate sodium chloride, The discharge of a large amount of stostes and high concentration sodium chloride solution is caused, environmental pollution is big, increases the difficulty of safety and environmental protection production.Chlorine Gas will use during aoxidizing iodate and arrive a large amount of chlorine, and chlorine is that a kind of yellow green with intense irritation smell has Poisonous gas requires use condition, storage facilities etc. and its harsh, therefore prepares sodium metaperiodate with chlorine oxidation process, to peace The requirement produced entirely is also very strict, method very complicated, is difficult to control in operation, safe coefficient is low.Although the two safety afterwards It is nontoxic, but periodate recycling yield is lower, and production cost is higher.
Iodate is converted into periodate using electrochemical oxidation process by the present invention, compares the above method, electrochemistry oxygen Change method has many advantages, such as that selectivity is good, yield is high, product purity is high, by-product is few, greenhouse and atmospheric operation, is especially the reduction of The discharge of waste water is, it can be achieved that " zero " discharge of wastewater, reuses mother liquor.Especially suitable for industrial periodate oxidation neighbour two Alcohol, the recycling and reusing of waste liquid iodate.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be in order to solve in the prior art it is big using the method toxicity of chlorine oxidation iodate synthesis periodate, The disadvantages of wastewater treatment capacity is big, not easy to control, provides a kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, drape over one's shoulders simultaneously Electrolysis unit used in this method is revealed, iodate is converted to periodic acid using the device and method electrochemical oxidation process Salt has the characteristics that simple with operating method, product purity is high, current efficiency is high and non-wastewater discharge.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, be based on diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell, the diaphragm type Sheet frame electrolytic cell using investigation of titanium anode coated with metal oxide as anode, using metal electrode or alloy electrode as cathode;
The electrolytic method are as follows: in diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell, with MIO3Solution and H2SO4The mixed solution of solution is Anolyte, with H2SO4Solution is catholyte, using constant current or the electrolysis mode of time-dependent current by IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -, M be Na or K。
Preferably, the diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell is monopolar electrolyzer or bipolar electrolyzer, the acyclic type The anode of electrolytic cell is netted investigation of titanium anode coated with metal oxide, and cathode is netted copper, netted copper alloy, titanium or stainless steel electricity Pole;The pole plate of the bipolar electrolyzer is titanium plate, the anode surface coated metal oxide coating of the titanium plate.
Preferably, the coating of the investigation of titanium anode coated with metal oxide is PbO2、SnO2、IrO2/Ta2O5Or RuO2/ TiO2, the coating of metal oxides coated in the titanium plate anode surface is PbO2、SnO2、IrO2/Ta2O5Or RuO2/TiO2
Preferably, the diaphragm of the diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell be homogeneous phase cation exchange film, it is described it is homogeneous sun from Proton exchange is polyphenyl sulfonic acid type homogeneous phase cation diaphragm, polystyrene type homogeneous phase cation film and polyphenyl ether type homogeneous phase cation At least one of film.
Preferably, the current density of the constant-current electrolysis mode is 20~250A/m2, the varying current electrolysis side The current density i of formula meets with the variation relation of electricity Q: i=20+i0(1-Q/Q0), wherein i0To start electric current when electrolysis Density, Q0Required theoretical capacity when being electrolysed completely to calculate by Faraday's law, Q are accumulative electrolysis of the electrolysis to certain moment Practical electricity.
Preferably, the electrochemical oxidation IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -Method, which is characterized in that the anolyte is The MIO of 0.1~1.0mol/L3The H of solution and 0~1.5mol/L2SO4The mixed solution of solution.
The diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell of the application further includes catholyte loop and anolyte loop in electrolytic process, described Catholyte loop includes catholyte head tank, cathode liquid storage tank and catholyte circulating pump, and catholyte is by the catholyte head tank Into the cathode chamber of electrolytic cell, then by cathode chamber overflow to cathode liquid storage tank, catholyte circulating pump is stored up catholyte by catholyte Tank is delivered to catholyte head tank, constitutes catholyte circulation;The anolyte loop includes anolyte head tank, anode liquid storage tank With anolyte circulating pump, anolyte is entered the anode chamber of electrolytic cell by the anolyte head tank, then by anode chamber's overflow Zhiyang Anolyte is delivered to anolyte head tank by anode liquid storage tank by pole liquid storage tank, anolyte circulating pump, constitutes anolyte circulation.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of electrochemical oxidation IO of the present invention3 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, the electrochemical oxidation process by iodate turn Periodate is turned to, has the characteristics that operating method is simple, product purity is high, current efficiency is high;It, should compared to chlorine oxidation process No three wastes generates in reaction process, and production cost is low, especially suitable for industrial periodate oxidation vicinal diamines, acid iodide in waste liquid The recycling and reusing of salt.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of electrochemical oxidation IO of the present invention3 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method used in electrolysis unit show It is intended to;
Fig. 2 is the monopolar electrolyzer schematic diagram of diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the netted investigation of titanium anode coated with metal oxide of the monopolar electrolyzer of diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell of the present invention Schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the bipolar electrolyzer schematic diagram of diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the pole plate schematic diagram of the bipolar electrolyzer of diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell of the present invention;
In figure: 1- electrolytic cell (insulating materials, PP, PVC etc.), 2- anolyte head tank, 3- catholyte head tank, 4- first Anode liquid storage tank, 5- second plate liquid storage tank, 6- cathode liquid storage tank, 7- anode circulation pump, 8- catholyte circulating pump, A- anode, B- cathode, C- electrolytic cell siding (insulating materials, PP, PVC etc.), D- homogeneous phase cation diaphragm, E- titanium-based metal oxide coating Electrode, F- bipolar type metal polar plate, G- titanium plate, H- coating of metal oxides.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, in conjunction with attached drawing, explanation is further described to technical solution of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, attached drawing 1 is a kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method used Electrolysis unit schematic diagram, this method uses the monopolar electrolyzer of attached drawing 2, and monopolar electrolyzer is by 10 in the present embodiment The series connection of acyclic type diaphragm plate electrolytic cell, every monopolar electrolyzer use the homogeneous ion diaphragm of polyphenyl sulfonic acid type, and membrane area is 120cm × 120cm, diaphragm and cathode and anode respectively constitute yin, yang pole room, and spacing is 2cm;
The anode of the electrolysis unit is netted titanium-based PbO2Electrode, cathode are stainless steel electrode, area be 100cm × 100cm;It is 0.5mol/L NaIO in anolyte head tank3With 0.5mol/L H2SO4Mixed solution, in catholyte head tank For 0.5mol/LH2SO4Solution.
Its course of work are as follows: catholyte and anolyte respectively constitute circuit system.Catholyte is entered by catholyte head tank 2 The cathode chamber of electrolytic cell 1, then by cathode chamber overflow to cathode liquid storage tank 6, catholyte circulating pump 8 is by catholyte by cathode liquid storage tank 6 are delivered to catholyte head tank 2, constitute catholyte circulation;
Anolyte loop is entered the anode chamber of electrolytic cell 1 by anolyte head tank 3, then is stored up by anode chamber's overflow to anolyte Anolyte is delivered to anolyte head tank 3 by anode liquid storage tank by tank 4, anolyte circulating pump 7, constitutes anolyte circulation;
After electrolysis, the first anode liquid storage tank 4 containing periodate switches to the second plate liquid storage tank containing iodate 5, at this point, first anode liquid storage tank 4 discharges, second plate liquid storage tank 5 continues to be electrolysed, and realizes continuous electrolysis intermittent take-off.
It is electrolysed using constant current density to theoretical capacity, current density 100A/m2.In masking agent sodium molybdate and demasking agent It in the presence of oxalic acid, is titrated with sodium thiosulfate standard solution, the IO in sequentially determining electrolysate3 -With IO4 -Concentration calculates Current efficiency is 93.5%.The present embodiment can obtain very high current efficiency, while the current density used is lower.
Embodiment 2:
Such as the method for embodiment 1, using electrolysis unit and method shown in attached drawing 1 and attached drawing 3, attached drawing 1 is a kind of electrochemistry Aoxidize IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method used in electrolysis unit schematic diagram, this method use attached multipole shown in Fig. 3 Formula diaphragm plate electrolytic cell, unit electrolytic bath are 10, which uses the homogeneous ion diaphragm of polyphenyl sulfonic acid type, and membrane area is The yin, yang pole-face of 120cm × 120cm, diaphragm and bipolar type electrode respectively constitutes yin, yang pole room, and spacing is 2cm;
Electrolytic method and technique such as embodiment 1.It is electrolysed using constant current density to theoretical capacity, current density 100A/ m2.It in the presence of masking agent sodium molybdate and demasking agent oxalic acid, is titrated with sodium thiosulfate standard solution, sequentially determining electrolysis produces IO in object3 -With IO4 -Concentration, calculating current efficiency is 93.1%.The present embodiment can obtain very high current efficiency, together When the current density that uses it is lower.
Embodiment 3~10:
Embodiment 3~10 carries out electrochemical oxidation IO according to the device of embodiment 13 -It is converted into IO4 -, embodiment 3~ 10 anode is selected from netted SnO2/Ti、IrO2-Ta2O5/ Ti and RuO2-TiO2One of/Ti, embodiment 3~10 use different The homogeneous phase cation diaphragm of type is polyphenyl sulfonic acid type homogeneous phase cation diaphragm, polystyrene type homogeneous phase cation film and polyphenyl One of ether type homogeneous phase cation film.
The constant-current electrolysis under different current densities of embodiment 3~10, technological parameter inquire into different sun with embodiment 1 Electroxidation generates IO under pole material, diaphragm material, current density4 -Experimental result, the results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1
Embodiment Anode material Diaphragm material Current density/A/m2 Current efficiency/%
3 SnO2/Ti Polyphenyl sulfonic acid type 100 86.1
4 IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti Polyphenyl sulfonic acid type 100 82.6
5 RuO2-TiO2/Ti Polyphenyl sulfonic acid type 100 81.5
6 PbO2/Ti Polystyrene type 100 92.4
7 PbO2/Ti Polyphenyl ether type 100 90.2
8 PbO2/Ti Polyphenyl sulfonic acid type 50 94.5
9 PbO2/Ti Polyphenyl sulfonic acid type 150 88.1
10 PbO2/Ti Polyphenyl sulfonic acid type 250 80.4
The result shows that using PbO2/ Ti makees anode and polyphenyl sulfonic acid type diaphragm shows superior current efficiency, with The increase of current density, current efficiency decline are obvious.
Embodiment 11~16:
Embodiment 11-16 carries out electrochemical oxidation IO according to the device of embodiment 13 -It is converted into IO4 -, cathodic region, sun Polar region is electrolysed using the electrolyte of various concentration, and technological parameter inquires into the electric oxygen under different electrolytes concentration with embodiment 1 Metaplasia is at IO4 -Experimental result, the results are shown in Table 2.Table 2
Table 2 the result shows that, anolyte sulfuric acid concentration current efficiency is influenced it is smaller, but without under sulfuric acid component then current efficiency Drop, preferred electrolyte group become 0.5mol/L NaIO3+1.0mol/L H2SO4Mixed solution, catholyte 1.0- 1.5mol/LH2SO4Solution.
Embodiment 18:
The present embodiment carries out electrochemical oxidation IO according to the device of embodiment 23 -It is converted into IO4 -, using varying current electrolysis Mode, current density i meet with the variation relation of electricity Q: i=20+i0(1-Q/Q0), i0It is close for electric current when starting electrolysis Degree, i0=200 A/m2, Q0Required theoretical capacity, takes Q/Q respectively when being electrolysed completely to calculate by Faraday's law0For 0, 0.6,0.8,1.0 Discrete control electrolysis time, technological parameter is the same as embodiment 2.It is 93.8% that experiment, which measures current efficiency,.
Therefore, using power transformation flow control be electrolysed, can to avoid because raw material low concentration reduce caused by current efficiency decline Problem obtains higher current efficiency.
Embodiment 19~22:
Structure referring to Fig.1, according to the method for embodiment 18, changing the electrolyte in anolyte head tank into certain enterprise makes L- xylose is generated with sodium periodate oxidation sorbierite, the mother liquor after isolating product, the main component of mother liquor is sodium iodide solution, It is 1.0mol/LH in catholyte head tank2SO4Solution stablizes constant-current electrolysis to theoretical capacity.Multiple batches of mother liquor electrolysis is carried out, Technological parameter inquires into electroxidation mother liquor under different batches and generates IO with embodiment 184 -As a result, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Table 3 the result shows that, in electrolytic industry sodium periodate oxidation sorbierite generate L- xylose, the mother after isolating product Liquid, by the electrolysis cycle of 10 batches, initial slot voltage stabilization, current efficiency reduction is unobvious, may be implemented continuously to apply.
Embodiment described above is preferred version of the invention, is not intended to limit the present invention in any form, There are also other variants and remodeling on the premise of not exceeding the technical scheme recorded in the claims.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of electrochemical oxidation IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, which is characterized in that be based on diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell, institute State diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell using investigation of titanium anode coated with metal oxide as anode, using metal electrode or alloy electrode as cathode;
The electrolytic method are as follows: in diaphragm type sheet frame electrolytic cell, with MIO3Solution and H2SO4The mixed solution of solution is anode Liquid, with H2SO4Solution is catholyte, using constant current or the electrolysis mode of time-dependent current by IO3 -It is converted into IO4 -, M is Na or K.
2. electrochemical oxidation IO according to claim 13 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, which is characterized in that the diaphragm Formula sheet frame electrolytic cell is monopolar electrolyzer or bipolar electrolyzer, and the anode of the monopolar electrolyzer is netted titanium-based metal Oxide coating electrode, cathode are netted copper, netted copper alloy, titanium or stainless steel electrode;The pole plate of the bipolar electrolyzer For titanium plate, the anode surface coated metal oxide coating of the titanium plate.
3. electrochemical oxidation IO according to claim 1 or 23 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, which is characterized in that it is described The coating of investigation of titanium anode coated with metal oxide is PbO2、SnO2、IrO2/Ta2O5Or RuO2/TiO2, coated in the titanium plate sun The coating of metal oxides of pole-face is PbO2、SnO2、IrO2/Ta2O5Or RuO2/TiO2
4. according to electrochemical oxidation IO described in claim 13 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, which is characterized in that the diaphragm type The diaphragm of sheet frame electrolytic cell is homogeneous phase cation exchange film, and the homogeneous phase cation exchange film is polyphenyl sulfonic acid type homogeneous phase cation At least one of diaphragm, polystyrene type homogeneous phase cation film and polyphenyl ether type homogeneous phase cation film.
5. electrochemical oxidation IO according to claim 13 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, which is characterized in that the permanent electricity The current density for flowing electrolysis mode is 20~250 A/m2;The current density i of the varying current electrolysis mode with electricity Q variation Relationship meets: i=20+i0(1-Q/Q0), wherein i0To start current density when electrolysis, Q0To be had been calculated by Faraday's law Required theoretical capacity when full electrolysis, Q are to be electrolysed to the practical electricity of the accumulative electrolysis at certain moment.
6. according to electrochemical oxidation IO described in claim 13 -It is converted into IO4 -Electrolytic method, which is characterized in that the anolyte For the MIO of 0.1~1.0mol/L3The H of solution and 0~1.5mol/L2SO4The mixed solution of solution.
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1036416A (en) * 1962-05-28 1966-07-20 Miles Lab Improvements in or relating to electrolytic oxidation
JPS5623286A (en) * 1979-08-01 1981-03-05 Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The Electrolytic producing apparatus of periodic acid or periodate

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1036416A (en) * 1962-05-28 1966-07-20 Miles Lab Improvements in or relating to electrolytic oxidation
JPS5623286A (en) * 1979-08-01 1981-03-05 Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The Electrolytic producing apparatus of periodic acid or periodate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
蓝平等: "双醛淀粉制备中电氧化IO-3转化生成IO-4过程研究", 《化学研究与应用》 *

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