CN110156617B - Preparation method and application of corrosion inhibitor - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of corrosion inhibitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110156617B CN110156617B CN201910508137.0A CN201910508137A CN110156617B CN 110156617 B CN110156617 B CN 110156617B CN 201910508137 A CN201910508137 A CN 201910508137A CN 110156617 B CN110156617 B CN 110156617B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field exploitation, and relates to a preparation method and application of a corrosion inhibitor. The preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving benzylamine compounds in alcohol, adjusting pH to acidity, adding cyclohexanone, heating, slowly dripping benzaldehyde compounds at 80-100 ℃, and reacting at constant temperature for 8-16 hours to obtain Mannich base intermediates; (2) and (2) dropwise adding benzyl chloride compounds into the system in the step (1), reacting for 3-7 hours at 70-80 ℃, and cooling to 30-40 ℃ after the reaction is finished to obtain the corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor has the advantages of good temperature resistance, stable performance, good compatibility and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas field exploitation, relates to a preparation method and application of a corrosion inhibitor, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a corrosion inhibitor for a high-temperature-resistant and low-corrosion acid liquor system.
Background
Acidification is one of the important measures for improving the yield of petroleum/natural gas in the construction process of the oil-gas field at present, and the action principle is to increase oil-gas pore channels or dissolve away plugs to ensure that the pore channels are unblocked so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the flowability of crude oil. However, the added acid liquor can cause serious corrosion to construction equipment and transportation pipelines, and the corrosion phenomenon caused by fracturing by using high-concentration acid liquor under the condition of high-temperature deep wells is particularly obvious. Therefore, in order to reduce the harm of acidification to equipment and pipelines, a certain anticorrosion technology must be adopted, wherein the addition of the acidification corrosion inhibitor is an effective measure with wide application range and low cost.
With the continuous extension of the oil well exploitation range and exploitation depth, the formation temperature rises, and the research and the application of the high-temperature acidizing corrosion inhibitor are more and more important. Taking a mid-petrochemical northbound oil field as an example, the oil reservoir burial depth is 5000-7000 m, the reservoir temperature is as high as 160-180 ℃, the high-temperature rheological property of the conventional acid liquor system can meet the requirement, but when the temperature reaches 150 ℃, the corrosion inhibitor is unstable in performance, and is difficult to play a stable and effective anti-corrosion role in the acid liquor system, and severe corrosion can be caused to the pipeline after long-term acidification construction. Therefore, the problem to be solved urgently at present is to develop a suitable corrosion inhibitor for a high-temperature-resistant acidification system aiming at the working condition conditions of the northward oil field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a corrosion inhibitor aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a corrosion inhibitor, comprising the following steps: (1) dissolving benzylamine compounds in alcohol, adjusting pH to acidity, adding cyclohexanone, heating, slowly dripping benzaldehyde compounds at 80-100 ℃, and reacting at constant temperature for 8-16 hours to obtain Mannich base intermediates; (2) and (2) dropwise adding benzyl chloride compounds into the system in the step (1), reacting for 3-7 hours at 70-80 ℃, and cooling to 30-40 ℃ after the reaction is finished to obtain the corrosion inhibitor.
Preferably, the benzylamine compound is benzylamine with a substituent on a benzene ring, the benzaldehyde compound is benzaldehyde with a substituent on a benzene ring, and the benzyl chloride compound is benzyl chloride with a substituent on a benzene ring.
Preferably, the benzylamine compound is benzylamine, the benzaldehyde compound is benzaldehyde, and the benzyl chloride compound is benzyl chloride. Preferably, the alcohol is ethanol, ethylene glycol and/or isopropanol.
Preferably, in step (1), hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH to 3-4.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the benzylamine compound, the benzaldehyde compound, the cyclohexanone and the benzyl chloride compound is (1.0-1.5): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0).
Preferably, in the step (2), after the reaction is completed, the system is cooled to 35 ℃.
On the other hand, the invention provides the application of the corrosion inhibitor, and the corrosion inhibitor, hydrochloric acid, a synergist, a thickening agent, an iron ion stabilizer, a demulsifier and a cross-linking agent are jointly used as an acid system for underground acidizing and fracturing.
Preferably, the thickening agent comprises, by weight, 25-35 parts of glycerol, 2-6 parts of zirconia, 4-10 parts of lactic acid, 30-40 parts of triethanolamine and 20-30 parts of deionized water; preferably, the thickening agent comprises, by weight, 32 parts of glycerol, 4 parts of zirconia, 7 parts of lactic acid, 30 parts of triethanolamine and 27 parts of deionized water.
Preferably, in the acid liquor system, the content of the hydrochloric acid is 15% -25%, the content of the corrosion inhibitor is 2.5% -3.5%, the content of the synergist is 0.5% -1.5%, the content of the thickener is 0.6% -1.5%, the content of the iron ion stabilizer is 0.5% -1.5%, the content of the demulsifier is 0.6% -1.2%, and the content of the cross-linking agent is 1.0% -1.5%.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the corrosion inhibitor prepared by the invention can meet the requirement of acidizing and fracturing at 150 ℃, can quickly form a compact and firm protective film on the surface of a steel test piece, can effectively prevent the corrosion of acid liquor to metal, and solves the problems of poor film forming performance and reduced corrosion inhibition performance of most corrosion inhibitors in an acid liquor system;
(2) the corrosion inhibitor prepared by the invention can be mixed and dissolved with water in any proportion, has good compatibility with chemical agents such as thickening agent, cross-linking agent and the like in hydrochloric acid solution, and has no phenomena of layering, caking and the like;
(3) the corrosion inhibitor can replace the existing corrosion inhibitor for an acid liquor system, and has the advantages of good temperature resistance, stable performance, good compatibility and wide application range;
(4) the corrosion inhibitor has the characteristics of simple synthesis method, easy industrial large-scale production, stable performance, low cost, environmental protection and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention. The process of the present invention employs conventional methods or apparatus in the art, except as described below. The following noun terms have meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a preparation method of a corrosion inhibitor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving benzylamine compound in alcohol, adjusting pH to acidity, adding cyclohexanone, heating, slowly dripping benzaldehyde compound at 80-100 deg.C, reacting at constant temperature for 8-16 hr to obtain Mannich base intermediate,
wherein, the benzaldehyde compound is slowly dripped at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ to fully react with benzylamine.
Wherein, optionally, the benzylamine compound is benzylamine (benzylamine), N-methylaniline, o-toluidine, p-methylbenzylamine and the like; the benzaldehyde compound is benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and the like. The reaction mechanism of the present invention is illustrated below with benzylamine, benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone:
wherein the alcohol is ethanol, ethylene glycol and/or isopropanol.
Wherein, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 3-4 by adopting hydrochloric acid, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 37%. Optionally, dilute sulfuric acid may be used to adjust the acidity or basicity of the system.
Wherein the mol ratio of the benzylamine compound to the benzaldehyde compound to the cyclohexanone is (1.0-1.5): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0).
(2) And (2) dropwise adding benzyl chloride compounds into the system in the step (1), reacting for 3-7 hours at 70-80 ℃, and cooling to 30-40 ℃ after the reaction is finished to obtain the corrosion inhibitor.
In the invention, the Mannich base is quaternized by dropwise and slowly adding the benzyl chloride compound.
Optionally, the benzyl chloride compound is benzyl chloride, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, o-chlorobenzyl chloride, etc., and the reaction mechanism of the present invention is illustrated by unsubstituted benzyl chloride as follows:
wherein the molar ratio of the benzylamine compound, the benzaldehyde compound, the cyclohexanone and the benzyl chloride compound is (1.0-1.5): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0).
Preferably, after the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain the Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor.
The corrosion inhibitor has the characteristics of simple synthesis method, easy industrial large-scale production, stable performance, low cost, environmental protection and the like.
On the other hand, the invention discloses the application of a corrosion inhibitor, wherein the corrosion inhibitor, hydrochloric acid, a synergist, a thickening agent, an iron ion stabilizer, a demulsifier and a cross-linking agent are used as an acid system together for the underground acidizing and fracturing process.
The corrosion inhibitor, the hydrochloric acid, the synergist, the thickener, the iron ion stabilizer, the demulsifier and the cross-linking agent play a synergistic role together, so that the corrosion inhibitor can quickly form a compact and firm protective film on the surface of a steel test piece under the acidizing and fracturing conditions at 150 ℃, and effectively prevent the corrosion of acid liquor on metals.
Wherein the thickening agent comprises, by weight, 25-35 parts of glycerol, 2-6 parts of zirconia, 4-10 parts of lactic acid, 30-40 parts of triethanolamine and 20-30 parts of deionized water; preferably, the thickening agent comprises, by weight, 32 parts of glycerol, 4 parts of zirconia, 7 parts of lactic acid, 30 parts of triethanolamine and 27 parts of deionized water.
Wherein, in the acid liquor system, the content of the hydrochloric acid is 15-25%, the content of the corrosion inhibitor is 2.5-3.5%, the content of the synergist is 0.5-1.5%, the content of the thickening agent is 0.6-1.5%, the content of the iron ion stabilizer is 0.5-1.5%, the content of the demulsifier is 0.6-1.2%, and the content of the cross-linking agent is 1.0-1.5%; preferably, the acid system comprises: 20 percent of hydrochloric acid, 3.0 percent of corrosion inhibitor, 1.0 percent of synergist EEH-160, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of thickening agent GDCH-1, 1.0 percent of iron ion stabilizer GDTW, 1.0 percent of demulsifier GDOP and 1.2 percent of composite cross-linking agent GDJL.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental procedures without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were carried out according to conventional methods and conditions. The starting materials used in the following examples are all conventionally commercially available.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of glycol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.15mol of benzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dropped so as to keep the pH value in the flask between 3 and 4 and keep the temperature below 40 ℃; adding 0.1mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 85 ℃, slowly dripping 0.1mol of benzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.1mol of benzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 80 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt A serving as a reaction product.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of glycol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.15mol of benzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dropped so as to keep the pH value in the flask between 3 and 4 and keep the temperature below 40 ℃; adding 0.1mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 95 ℃, slowly dripping 0.1mol of benzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.1mol of benzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 80 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt B as a reaction product.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of glycol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.15mol of benzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dropped so as to keep the pH value in the flask between 3 and 4 and keep the temperature below 40 ℃; adding 0.1mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 95 ℃, slowly dripping 0.1mol of benzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.1mol of benzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 70 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt C.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of glycol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.15mol of benzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dropped so as to keep the pH value in the flask between 3 and 4 and keep the temperature below 40 ℃; adding 0.1mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 95 ℃, slowly dripping 0.1mol of benzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 8h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.1mol of benzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 80 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt D.
Example 5
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of glycol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.15mol of benzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dropped so as to keep the pH value in the flask between 3 and 4 and keep the temperature below 40 ℃; adding 0.1mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 95 ℃, slowly dropwise adding 0.1mol of benzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 16h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.1mol of benzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 80 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt E.
Example 6
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of glycol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.15mol of benzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dropped so as to keep the pH value in the flask between 3 and 4 and keep the temperature below 40 ℃; adding 0.1mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 95 ℃, slowly dripping 0.1mol of benzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.1mol of benzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 80 ℃ for reaction for 3 h. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt F serving as a reaction product.
Example 7
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of glycol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.15mol of benzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dropped so as to keep the pH value in the flask between 3 and 4 and keep the temperature below 40 ℃; adding 0.1mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 95 ℃, slowly dripping 0.1mol of benzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.1mol of benzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 80 ℃ for reaction for 7 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt G.
Example 8
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of glycol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.12mol of benzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dropped so as to keep the pH value in the flask between 3 and 4 and keep the temperature below 40 ℃; adding 0.08mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 100 ℃, slowly dropwise adding 0.08mol of benzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 10h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.08mol of benzyl chloride is dropwise added, and then the system is cooled to 75 ℃ for reaction for 7 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt H serving as a reaction product.
Example 9
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of ethanol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electric heating sleeve, adding 0.1mol of p-methylbenzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dripped, so that the pH value in the flask is kept between 3 and 4, and the temperature is kept below 40 ℃; adding 0.09mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 85 ℃, slowly dropwise adding 0.09mol of m-ethylbenzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting at 80-100 ℃ for 12h to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.09mol of o-chlorobenzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 80 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt I serving as a reaction product.
Example 10
The method comprises the following steps: synthesis of mannich bases
Firstly, adding 60mL of ethanol solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a dropping funnel, a condensing tube, a thermometer and a stirrer, placing the flask on an electrothermal sleeve, adding 0.15mol of p-nitrobenzylamine, opening circulating water to cool, and then adding hydrochloric acid into the dropping funnel to be slowly dripped, so that the pH value in the flask is kept between 3 and 4, and the temperature is kept below 40 ℃; adding 0.1mol of cyclohexanone, heating to 85 ℃, slowly dropwise adding 0.1mol of m-bromobenzaldehyde for 3h, and reacting for 12h at 80-100 ℃ to obtain the Mannich base intermediate.
Step two: synthesis of Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt
After the first step is finished, 0.1mol of p-nitrobenzyl chloride is dripped, and then the system is cooled to 80 ℃ for reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, cooling the system to 35 ℃ to obtain a Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt J as a reaction product.
Performance testing
1. Physical Properties of the Corrosion inhibitors
The corrosion inhibitor is reddish brown liquid, can be mixed and dissolved with water in any proportion, has good compatibility with chemical agents such as thickening agents, cross-linking agents and the like currently used in the northward oil field in hydrochloric acid solution, and has no phenomena of layering, caking and the like.
2. Corrosion inhibition performance test
The corrosion inhibitors prepared in the examples and the comparative examples are configured into a ground cross-linked acid liquor system, the corrosion inhibition performance of the corrosion inhibitor is experimentally examined by adopting a P110S steel sheet under the conditions shown in the table 1, and the evaluation results are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 1 Experimental conditions
| Temperature of experiment | Pressure of experiment | Experimental Environment | Experimental period | Stirring speed |
| 150℃ | Total pressure 8MPa | 20% hydrochloric acid | 4h | 60r/min |
TABLE 2 evaluation data of examples 1-10 and conventional corrosion inhibitors
The rheological property of an acid liquor system formed by the corrosion inhibitor K (product model: EEH-160, manufacturer: Beijing Hongyao Enze energy science and technology Co., Ltd.) can meet the requirement, but the compatibility of the existing corrosion inhibitor and each additive is poor, the corrosion rate of the formed acid liquor system is higher, the acid liquor system is configured according to the same method, the corrosion rate of the P110S steel sheet in the acid liquor system is 101.9783 g/(m)2H) higher than the samples in the examples.
The Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor has better corrosion inhibition performance than the prior corrosion inhibitor; the Mannich base quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitor has good corrosion inhibition effect in an acid liquor system used in the northward oil field, and reaches the first-level standard of SY-T5405-1996 performance test method and evaluation index of corrosion inhibitors for acidification.
The present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing in terms of preferred embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions equivalent to those of the embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the corrosion inhibitor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving benzylamine in alcohol, adjusting pH to 3-4, adding cyclohexanone, heating, slowly dripping benzaldehyde at 80-100 ℃, and reacting at constant temperature for 8-16 hours to obtain Mannich base intermediate;
(2) dropwise adding benzyl chloride into the system in the step (1), reacting at 70-80 ℃ for 3-7 hours, and cooling to 30-40 ℃ after the reaction is finished to obtain a corrosion inhibitor;
wherein, the mol ratio of the benzylamine to the benzaldehyde to the cyclohexanone to the benzyl chloride is (1.0-1.5): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0): (0.8-1.0).
2. The method for preparing a corrosion inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol is ethanol, ethylene glycol and/or isopropanol.
3. The method for preparing a corrosion inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), after the reaction is finished, the system is cooled to 35 ℃.
4. The use of the corrosion inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the corrosion inhibitor is used as an acid system together with hydrochloric acid, a synergist, a thickener, an iron ion stabilizer, a demulsifier and a cross-linking agent for underground acidizing and fracturing.
5. The use of the corrosion inhibitor according to claim 4, wherein the thickener comprises, by weight, 25-35 parts of glycerol, 2-6 parts of zirconia, 4-10 parts of lactic acid, 30-40 parts of triethanolamine, and 20-30 parts of deionized water.
6. The use of the corrosion inhibitor according to claim 4, wherein in the acid system, the hydrochloric acid content is 15% to 25%, the corrosion inhibitor content is 2.5% to 3.5%, the synergist content is 0.5% to 1.5%, the thickener content is 0.6% to 1.5%, the iron ion stabilizer content is 0.5% to 1.5%, the demulsifier content is 0.6% to 1.2%, and the crosslinker content is 1.0% to 1.5%.
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