CN110153781B - Thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device and method based on bending actuator - Google Patents
Thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device and method based on bending actuator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110153781B CN110153781B CN201910436936.1A CN201910436936A CN110153781B CN 110153781 B CN110153781 B CN 110153781B CN 201910436936 A CN201910436936 A CN 201910436936A CN 110153781 B CN110153781 B CN 110153781B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0039—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine by changing the natural frequency of the system or by continuously changing the frequency of the force which causes the vibration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/12—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a milling flutter active control device for a thin-wall part, which comprises a vibration detection unit, a signal acquisition unit, a power amplification unit, a control computer, a programmable signal generator and a bending actuator, wherein the vibration detection unit is used for detecting the vibration of the thin-wall part; the bending actuator is used for applying reverse vibration suppression force to the thin-wall workpiece and actively controlling the regeneration vibration in the milling process; the invention also discloses a vibration active control method for the vibration suppression device. The invention can realize real-time detection and feedback control of vibration in the milling process of the thin-wall part with higher precision, has the advantages of high response speed, large and accurate output force, small volume, low power consumption, large strain energy per unit volume and the like, and can adapt to the narrow machining space of the thin-wall part with a complex shape and the complexity and time-varying property of the dynamic characteristic of a cutter-workpiece system in the machining process of the thin-wall part with the complex shape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining, and particularly relates to a thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device and method based on a bending actuator.
Background
The thin-wall part has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of aerospace, automobiles, energy sources and the like at present. In particular in the aerospace field, reducing the structural mass will reduce energy consumption and improve the overall performance of the aircraft. It is therefore of great importance to design and manufacture thin wall parts of high quality that meet performance requirements. Typical thin-wall parts for aviation mainly include blisks, assembly blisks, casings, wing ribs, flap runners, girders, wall panels, and the like.
The thin-wall part belongs to a weak-rigidity part, and the processing difficulty of the thin-wall part is mainly that the thin-wall part is easy to vibrate under the action of cutting force, and particularly the vibration phenomenon is more obvious under large cutting parameters and even flutters. The existence of the vibration phenomenon not only damages the service life of a machine tool and a cutter, limits the processing efficiency, but also reduces the processing quality of the surface of a workpiece, which seriously reduces the production efficiency, reduces the precision of a finished product and improves the production cost. Therefore, the method has very important significance for actively controlling the vibration in the thin-wall part machining process by a certain method.
There are two main approaches to solve the problem of vibration control in thin-wall part machining, namely passive and active control. The passive control installs passive material on the structure to change the dynamic characteristics of parts such as rigidity, damping coefficient and the like, but the passive control increases the complexity of the structure, has poor vibration damping performance and low flexibility and cannot meet the complex and variable processing requirements. Along with the rapid development of intelligent materials in recent years, electrorheological fluid, piezoelectric ceramics, electromagnetic actuators and the like are applied to active vibration control, and good effects are achieved. For example, the Lissajous et al (see the patent, "system and method for suppressing vibration of electric spindle for milling based on prediction-adaptive control-201810092078.9") uses an electromagnetic actuator to actively control the vibration of the milling spindle, and the method has large output acting force and displacement, but has low control precision and is difficult to adapt to the high-precision requirement of aviation parts; g et al apply a magnetostrictive actuator to the vibration control of a turning extension rod (see "Modeling and integrating button control actuators for a lathing machine. control Engineering Practice,1996,4(12): 1647-1658). The active control method has the advantages of high response speed, large displacement and force, and brittle material which is easy to break and can bear force only in a single direction.
Chenpu wei et al use the Voice Coil Motor to actively Control the Milling flutter of the aviation Thin-walled part (see "Research on Active Vibration Control of Thin-walled working in Milling Based on Voice Coil Motor"), the Control method has fast response speed, high precision and strong reliability, but the actuator has large volume and poor flexibility, is difficult to adapt to the narrow processing space of the complicated core aviation Thin-walled part (such as a turbine blisk and an impeller), and is difficult to be applied to the actual production. Therefore, it is urgently needed to find a vibration active control method which has the advantages of high response speed, high precision and good reliability and can adapt to the narrow machining space of the complex core aviation thin-wall part.
The active control restrains machining vibration according to system response and combining with proper control algorithm, the main process is to apply intelligent actuator to generate force for compensating or offsetting vibration according to the relative vibration or cutting force between the tool and the workpiece measured on line. The sensor and the intelligent actuator form a closed loop to facilitate the design of the controller, and the active control method can improve the stability of the thin-wall part milling system by reasonably changing the dynamic characteristics of the system, so that the processing efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device and method based on a bending actuator. The device has the advantages of high response speed, accurate output force, small size and the like, and can be suitable for the machining characteristics of narrow machining space of typical aviation thin-walled parts (blisks and impellers).
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device based on a bending actuator is characterized in that: the device comprises a vibration detection unit, a digital signal collector, a power amplification unit, a control computer, a programmable signal generator, a bending actuator and a clamp;
the vibration detection unit is connected with the thin-wall workpiece and is used for monitoring a vibration signal generated by the workpiece in the milling process and obtaining a corresponding monitoring voltage signal; transmitting the detection voltage signal to the control computer through the digital signal collector; the programmable signal generator is controlled by the control computer to output a driving signal which changes in real time and is used for driving the bending actuator, and the bending degree of the bending actuator is changed by changing the driving voltage so as to further apply corresponding vibration suppression force to the thin-wall workpiece; the power amplifier is connected with the programmable signal generator and is used for amplifying the voltage for driving the bending actuator;
the fixture is used for positioning and mounting the thin-wall workpiece and the bending actuator, the bending actuator is attached and fixed to the non-processing side surface of the thin-wall workpiece through the fixture, and the acting force of the free end of the bending actuator is applied to the position where the vibration amplitude of the thin-wall workpiece is maximum.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the bending type actuator is a piezoelectric ceramic bimorph, and the free end of the bending type actuator can be bent to generate displacement by applying voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic bimorph.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the clamp comprises a U-shaped base, a clamping block and a positioning bolt; the clamping block is arranged between the side walls of the two ends of the U-shaped base, the positioning bolt penetrates through the side wall of one end of the U-shaped base to be in contact with the clamping block, and the thin-wall workpiece and the bending actuator are fixed between the U-shaped base and the clamping block by screwing the positioning bolt.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: and the vibration sensor of the vibration detection unit is attached to the surface of the thin-wall workpiece.
Aiming at the thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device based on the bending actuator, the thin-wall part milling vibration active control method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: before machining, determining the vibration mode of the thin-wall workpiece through finite element analysis or modal experiment; clamping the thin-wall workpiece and the bending actuator through the clamp, so that the bending actuator is attached and fixed to the non-processing side surface of the thin-wall workpiece, and the acting force of the free end of the bending actuator is applied to the position where the vibration amplitude of the thin-wall workpiece reaches an extreme value; attaching a vibration sensor of a vibration detection unit to the surface of the thin-wall workpiece for collecting vibration signals;
step two: after the cutting process is started, acquiring a voltage signal obtained by the vibration sensor through the digital signal collector, and transmitting the voltage signal to the control computer; calculating the output driving voltage by applying a control algorithm;
step three: the control computer controls the programmable signal generator to output a driving signal, the power amplifier amplifies the driving signal into a driving voltage, the bending actuator is driven to bend and deform, and reverse vibration suppression force is applied to the thin-wall workpiece at the free end of the bending actuator, so that vibration control of milling of the thin-wall workpiece is realized.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the control algorithm is PID proportion-integral-derivative control, PPF positive position feedback control and LQG linear quadratic Gaussian control algorithm in vibration control.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the bending actuator is used as an actuator of the vibration suppression device, so that the bending actuator is easy to control accurately, the response speed is high, and the output force is accurate.
2. The bending actuator has small volume and large strain energy per unit volume, and is particularly suitable for narrow processing space of thin-walled parts with complex shapes.
3. The bending type actuator has small power consumption, low price and low additional production cost.
4. The bending actuator is convenient to mount, is suitable for actual processing, and does not bring additional clamping difficulty and clamp cost.
5. The device can realize real-time detection and feedback control of vibration, has high control precision, and is particularly suitable for the complexity and time-varying property of the dynamic characteristic of a cutter-workpiece system in the machining process of thin-wall parts with complex shapes.
6. According to the method, the device can effectively control the vibration of the thin-wall workpiece in the milling process, so that the precision and the surface quality of a product are improved, meanwhile, the abrasion of a cutter and a machine tool is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device based on a bending actuator in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the steps of using the vibration suppression device based on the thin-walled workpiece machining;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the real-time closed-loop feedback control system;
description of reference numerals: 1-clamping; 2-a power amplifier; 3-a programmable signal generator; 4-control the computer; 5-a digital signal collector; 6-a vibration detection unit; 7-a machine tool spindle; 8-milling cutter; 9-thin-walled workpieces; 10-a bending actuator; a-machining side surfaces of thin-walled parts; b-non-machined side surface of thin-walled parts.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
The invention takes a 3mm thick aluminum alloy thin-wall part as an example, takes a five-axis numerical control milling machine as processing equipment, takes a piezoelectric ceramic bending actuator as an actuator and takes an acceleration sensor as a vibration detection unit to describe the steps of the thin-wall part processing vibration suppression device based on the bending actuator and the use method.
The first step is as follows: clamping an aluminum alloy thin-wall part to be machined on a numerical control machine tool workbench through a clamp 1, and completing the work of calibration, tool setting and the like before machining;
the second step is that: the dynamic characteristics of the thin-wall part are determined for the first time through finite element simulation or modal experiments.
Then, the piezoelectric ceramic bending actuator 10 is clamped by the clamp 1, so that the bending actuator 10 is attached to the non-processing side surface of the thin-wall workpiece, and the acting force of the free end of the actuator is applied to the position where the vibration amplitude of the workpiece reaches the extreme value. Installing a vibration detection unit 6 at a corresponding position of a non-machined side surface b on the surface of the thin-wall workpiece, and monitoring a vibration signal generated by the workpiece in the milling process to obtain a corresponding monitoring voltage signal; the vibration detection unit 6 is connected with the control computer 4 through the digital signal collector 5; the programmable signal generator 3 is connected with the control computer 4 and is connected with the bending actuator 10 through the power amplifier 2, and is used for amplifying the voltage for driving the bending actuator;
and finally, calibrating the detection unit: before the processing is not started, the vibration sensor is adjusted, and the initial detection value of the vibration sensor is guaranteed to be zero at the moment. The bending actuator 10 is calibrated to obtain a certain relationship between its output force and voltage.
The third step: cutting processing is started, chattering in the milling process is monitored in real time through a vibration sensor, detected voltage signals are collected and transmitted to a control computer through a signal collector, and a programmable signal generator is controlled to generate corresponding driving signals.
The fourth step: the drive signal generated by the programmable signal generator is amplified into drive voltage through the power amplifier, the drive voltage acts on the bending actuator to enable the bending actuator to generate bending deformation, reverse vibration suppression force is applied to the workpiece at the tail end of the actuator, and vibration generated in the thin-wall part machining process is actively controlled.
Test results show that the thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device based on the bending actuator can effectively suppress the chatter vibration generated in the thin-wall part machining process, and the surface quality of the finally machined part is obviously improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A thin-wall part machining vibration suppression device based on a bending actuator is characterized in that: the device comprises a vibration detection unit, a digital signal collector, a power amplification unit, a control computer, a programmable signal generator, a bending actuator and a clamp;
the vibration detection unit is connected with the thin-wall workpiece and is used for monitoring a vibration signal generated by the workpiece in the milling process and obtaining a corresponding monitoring voltage signal; transmitting a monitoring voltage signal to the control computer through the digital signal collector; the programmable signal generator is controlled by the control computer to output a driving signal which changes in real time and is used for driving the bending actuator, and the bending degree of the bending actuator is changed by changing the driving voltage so as to further apply corresponding vibration suppression force to the thin-wall workpiece; the power amplifier is connected with the programmable signal generator and is used for amplifying the voltage for driving the bending actuator;
the fixture is used for positioning and mounting the thin-wall workpiece and the bending actuator, the bending actuator is attached and fixed to the non-processing side surface of the thin-wall workpiece through the fixture, and the acting force of the free end of the bending actuator is applied to the position where the vibration amplitude of the thin-wall workpiece is maximum.
2. A thin-walled workpiece machining vibration suppression device based on a bending actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bending type actuator is a piezoelectric ceramic bimorph, and the free end of the bending type actuator can be bent to generate displacement by applying voltage to the piezoelectric ceramic bimorph.
3. A thin-walled workpiece machining vibration suppression device based on a bending actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the clamp comprises a U-shaped base, a clamping block and a positioning bolt; the clamping block is arranged between the side walls of the two ends of the U-shaped base, the positioning bolt penetrates through the side wall of one end of the U-shaped base to be in contact with the clamping block, and the thin-wall workpiece and the bending actuator are fixed between the U-shaped base and the clamping block by screwing the positioning bolt.
4. A thin-walled workpiece machining vibration suppression device based on a bending actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the vibration sensor of the vibration detection unit is attached to the surface of the thin-wall workpiece.
5. A method for controlling a vibration suppressing device for machining a thin-walled workpiece based on a bending actuator as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: before machining, determining the vibration mode of the thin-wall workpiece through finite element analysis or modal experiment; clamping the thin-wall workpiece and the bending actuator through the clamp, so that the bending actuator is attached and fixed to the non-machined side surface of the thin-wall workpiece, and the acting force of the free end of the bending actuator is applied to the position where the vibration amplitude of the thin-wall workpiece reaches an extreme value; attaching a vibration sensor of a vibration detection unit to the surface of the thin-wall workpiece for collecting vibration signals;
step two: after the cutting process is started, acquiring a voltage signal obtained by the vibration sensor through the digital signal collector, and transmitting the voltage signal to the control computer; calculating the output driving voltage by applying a control algorithm;
step three: the control computer controls the programmable signal generator to output a driving signal, then the power amplifier amplifies the driving signal into a driving voltage to drive the bending actuator to bend and deform, and reverse vibration suppression force is applied to the thin-wall workpiece at the free end of the bending actuator, so that vibration control of milling of the thin-wall workpiece is realized.
6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the control algorithm is PID proportion-integral-derivative control, PPF positive position feedback control and LQG linear quadratic Gaussian control algorithm in vibration control.
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| CN111203751B (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-08-11 | 宜宾职业技术学院 | Vibration identification detection machining platform and machining process for numerical control machining thin-walled workpiece |
| CN112872851B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-08-30 | 西北工业大学 | Auxiliary supporting vibration suppression device for milling of thin-wall curved surface part |
| CN112935865B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-12-02 | 华中科技大学 | Method for improving thin-wall part processing stability and supporting device |
| CN113156885B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2023-04-14 | 西安交通大学 | Electric spindle milling flutter regulation and control method and device based on self-adaptive fuzzy reasoning |
| CN117075535B (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-01-02 | 上海诺倬力机电科技有限公司 | Vibration suppressing method, vibration suppressing device, electronic apparatus, and readable storage medium |
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