CN110153411B - Dot matrix type powder paving 3D printing device and printing method based on resistance heating - Google Patents
Dot matrix type powder paving 3D printing device and printing method based on resistance heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN110153411B CN110153411B CN201910460280.7A CN201910460280A CN110153411B CN 110153411 B CN110153411 B CN 110153411B CN 201910460280 A CN201910460280 A CN 201910460280A CN 110153411 B CN110153411 B CN 110153411B
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 249
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a dot matrix powder paving 3D printing device and a printing method based on resistance heating. The dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device adopts a mode based on resistance heating and realizes additive manufacturing printing by using a dot matrix method, namely after space grid slicing is divided on a three-dimensional part, one surface is divided into an array of points, the area, to be printed, of powder on a powder bed on a base is heated and melted or sintered according to a single-layer slice of the three-dimensional part to obtain surface molding, and then the surface molding is gradually stacked and directly molded, so that the dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device has lower production cost and extremely high production efficiency, and shortens the period of preparing the part by powder spreading printing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a dot matrix powder paving 3D printing device and a printing method based on resistance heating.
Background
The powder spreading 3D printing technology is a method for rapid and direct forming of metal parts, the most used technology at present is a laser selective melting SLM technology, and besides an electron beam selective melting EBSM technology, the most basic principle of the rapid forming is to directly form complex three-dimensional parts through a manufacturing mode of point scanning surface layer-by-layer melting stacking. The technology can be used for manufacturing metal parts with complex structures which cannot be manufactured by the traditional processing means, and is beneficial to the parts manufactured by the rapid direct forming method to play an important role in the fields of aerospace, biomedical treatment and the like.
Both the laser selective melting SLM technology and the electron beam selective melting EBSM technology are stacked layer by layer after scanning a single light spot or a plurality of light spots on one surface, that is, the laser selective melting SLM technology and the electron beam selective melting EBSM technology are formed by point-to-surface forming and then stacked layer by layer to body forming, and the method has high forming precision, but the whole part forming period is long and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dot matrix powder paving 3D printing device based on resistance heating for metal parts, which solves the problems of overlong printing period and higher cost of the existing powder paving 3D printing technology.
In order to achieve the aim, the dot matrix powder paving 3D printing device based on resistance heating provided by the invention comprises a sealing shell, a feeding port, a hydraulic lifting frame, a dot matrix resistance heating plate, a powder feeding device, a movable bracket, a powder paving device, a powder bed groove, a printing base, a partition plate, a lifter and a stepping motor;
the seal shell is used for isolating the printing environment from the outside, and is in an all-inert gas environment during printing;
the partition plate is arranged to divide the sealed shell into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the hydraulic lifting frame, the dot matrix resistor heating plate, the powder feeding device, the movable support and the powder spreading device are arranged in the upper cavity, and the powder bed groove, the printing base table, the lifter and the stepping motor are arranged in the lower cavity;
the feeding port is arranged outside the sealing shell, and metal powder enters the powder feeding device through the inlet of the feeding port;
the powder feeding device comprises a storage bin and a powder feeding assembly, wherein the storage bin is provided with a cavity for containing metal powder, and the cavity is communicated with a feeding port; the powder feeding component is arranged at the lower part of the storage bin and is used for receiving the metal powder conveyed from the storage bin;
a movable bracket is arranged below the powder feeding device and positioned on the partition plate; the powder feeding component is positioned in a space defined by the movable support, and a discharge hole at the bottom of the powder feeding component is adjacent to the partition plate so as to provide a layer of metal powder for printing;
the powder spreading device comprises a pressing roller for spreading powder and a scraper, the scraper is arranged at the bottom end of the movable bracket, the scraper is arranged to move synchronously with the movable bracket, the metal powder conveyed by the powder conveying device is scraped into the powder bed groove, the pressing roller is arranged to be driven to roll on the partition plate, drive the whole movable bracket to move and compact the metal powder spread into the powder bed groove, wherein the powder bed groove is positioned below the partition plate and is flush with the partition plate after powder spreading, and the partition plate is provided with a groove with the same cross section as the powder bed groove;
the printing base is fixed below the powder bed groove;
the stepper motor is arranged at the bottom of the sealing shell and is positioned in the lower cavity; the output end of the stepping motor is connected with the lifter, and the stepping motor drives the lifter to move up and down to drive the printing base table and the powder bed groove to synchronously lift.
In a further embodiment, the dot matrix powder paving 3D printing device further comprises at least one group of powder recovery device, the powder recovery device is provided with a recovery tank and a recovery bottle, the recovery tank is arranged below the partition plate, the recovery bottle is fixed below the recovery tank and is communicated with the recovery bottle, and an opening part is arranged at a position, corresponding to the recovery tank, on the partition plate, for collecting metal powder into the recovery bottle again through the recovery tank.
In a further embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the opening is the same as the upper opening of the recovery tank.
In a further embodiment, the scraper is further arranged to move synchronously with the movable support, to scrape off the metal powder and to push the excess powder into the recovery tank.
In a further embodiment, the dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device is provided with two groups of powder recovery devices, the two groups of powder recovery devices are respectively arranged at two sides of the powder bed groove, and each group of powder recovery devices is correspondingly provided with a scraper.
In a further embodiment, when the powder spreading device advances leftwards to spread powder, the hydraulic lifting frame drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move upwards, and when the powder spreading scraper system advances rightwards to reset, the hydraulic lifting frame drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move downwards to perform 3D printing.
In a further embodiment, the lattice type resistance heating plate comprises modularized heating modules composed of densely arranged resistance heating pins, each heating module is controlled by a programmable mode and can be replaced independently, and the heating areas of the heating modules are controlled by programming.
In a further embodiment, the resistance heating pins are coated with a high temperature resistant alumina ceramic coating.
In a further embodiment, a resistance heating element is arranged inside the printing base station and used for preheating the powder bed groove.
In a further embodiment, a first slope structure is formed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the storage bin, a first powder feeding roller and a first opening are arranged at the bottom of the first slope structure, and metal powder is conveyed to the powder feeding assembly at a constant speed through rotation of the first powder feeding roller.
In a further embodiment, the powder feeding component is provided with a horn-shaped receiving end and a buffer cavity communicated with the receiving end, the receiving end is fixedly arranged at the top of the movable support and used for receiving the metal powder conveyed from the storage bin, a second slope structure is formed in the buffer cavity, a second powder feeding roller and a second opening are formed in the bottom of the second slope structure, and the metal powder is conveyed onto the partition plate at a constant speed through rotation of the second powder feeding roller.
In a further embodiment, the second powder feeding roller is smaller in size than the first powder feeding roller.
According to the improvement of the invention, a dot matrix powder paving 3D printing method is also provided, which comprises the following steps:
after the printing process is started, conveying a certain amount of metal powder in a storage bin through a powder conveying device, forming a powder paving device by a rolling roller and a scraper to scrape and compact the powder, and scraping and collecting the redundant powder into a recovery bottle through the scraper for storage;
when the powder paving device advances leftwards, the hydraulic lifting frame drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move upwards to a point, when the powder paving scraper system advances rightwards, the hydraulic lifting frame returns to the initial position, the dot matrix resistor heating plate is driven to move downwards and contact with a powder bed, 3D printing is carried out, the powder in a region to be formed is heated and then melted by resistance heating on the dot matrix resistor heating plate, the powder in the region is melted or sintered, then the dot matrix resistor heating plate is slowly lifted, heating is stopped at the same time, and then the forming of the solidified whole surface layer forming region is completed;
after finishing printing a surface layer, using a stepping motor and a lifter to downwards move a printing base, then performing new powder paving, rolling and 3D printing on the surface layer, and repeatedly adding printing on the new surface layer until the printing is finished.
According to the technical scheme, the dot matrix powder laying 3D printing device adopts a resistance heating mode, and realizes additive manufacturing printing by using a dot matrix mode, namely after space grid slicing is carried out on a three-dimensional part, one surface is divided into an array of points, and according to single-layer slicing of the three-dimensional part, a region, on which powder on a powder bed is required to be printed, is heated, melted or sintered to obtain surface forming, and then the surface forming is gradually stacked and directly formed.
The 3D printing device performs 3D printing, has lower production cost and extremely high production efficiency, greatly shortens the period of preparing parts by powder spreading printing, ensures the forming precision of the parts, and can print relatively complex parts; in addition, the forming size of the single part can be large or small and is easy to control, and the forming device can be used for manufacturing large metal parts and has strong adaptability.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts, as well as additional concepts described in more detail below, may be considered a part of the inventive subject matter of the present disclosure as long as such concepts are not mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments, and features of the present teachings will be more fully understood from the following description, taken together with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the invention, such as features and/or advantages of the exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the embodiments according to the teachings of the invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a metal powder spreading printing apparatus based on a resistance heating matrix
FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a resistive heating panel lattice type processing panel of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dot matrix resistor heating plate and powder bed in the printing state of the invention
In the figure, a feeding port, a sealing shell, a hydraulic lifting frame, a lattice type resistance heating plate, a storage bin, a powder feeding component, a rolling roller, a scraper, a recovery groove, a collecting bottle, a powder bed groove, a printing base, a lifter, a stepping motor, a resistance heating needle and a high-temperature resistant alumina coating.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are set forth below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Aspects of the invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the drawings, in which are shown a number of illustrative embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in more detail below, may be implemented in any of a number of ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any implementation. Additionally, some aspects of the disclosure may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device based on resistance heating according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a feeding port 1 and a sealing housing 2, wherein the feeding port 1 is disposed outside the sealing housing 2; the feeding port 1 is used for adding the printed powder material. And the fast screw-on switch on the feeding port isolates the stable argon environment of the sealed shell 2 from the external environment, so as to achieve the accurate control of the oxygen content and the humidity in the printing process.
In combination with the illustration, the dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device further comprises a hydraulic lifting frame 3, a dot matrix resistor heating plate 4, a powder feeding device, a movable bracket 17, a powder spreading device, a powder bed groove 11, a collecting bottle 10, a printing base 12, a partition plate 18, a lifter 13 and a stepping motor 14.
The sealed housing 2 is used to isolate the printing environment from the outside, and the printing environment is in an all-inert gas environment. The feeding port 1 is arranged outside the sealed shell, and metal powder enters the powder feeding device through the inlet of the metal powder feeding port.
The partition 18 is provided to divide the sealed housing 2 into an upper cavity in which the hydraulic lifting frame 3, the dot matrix resistive heating plate 4, the powder feeding device, the movable bracket 17, the powder spreading device are disposed, and a lower cavity in which the powder bed tank 11, the printing base 12, the collection bottle 10, the lifter 13, and the stepping motor 14 are disposed.
Referring to fig. 1, the powder feeding device includes a storage bin 5 and a powder feeding assembly 6, the storage bin 5 having a cavity for accommodating metal powder, the cavity being in communication with a feeding port. The powder feeding assembly 6 is provided at a lower portion of the storage bin for receiving the metal powder conveyed from the storage bin.
A movable bracket 17 is arranged below the powder feeding device and is positioned on a baffle 18; the powder feeding assembly 17 is located in a space defined by the movable support 17, and a bottom discharge port of the powder feeding assembly 17 is adjacent to the partition plate to provide a layer of metal powder for printing.
The powder spreading device comprises a pressing roller 7 for spreading powder and a scraper 8, wherein the scraper 8 is arranged at the bottom end of the movable support, and the scraper 8 is arranged to scrape the metal powder conveyed by the powder conveying device into the powder bed groove 11 along with the synchronous movement of the movable support. The roller 7 is arranged to be driven to roll on the partition, to move the entire movable support 17 and to compact the metal powder laid in the powder bed tank.
Referring to fig. 1, the powder bed groove 11 is positioned below the partition plate and is flush with the partition plate after powder is spread, and the partition plate is provided with a groove with the same section as the powder bed groove. In this way, the metal powder is fed onto the partition plate from the feeding component 6, then the whole movable support 17 is driven to move through the movement of the pressing roller 7, the metal powder is scraped into the powder bed groove 11 through the scraper at the bottom of the movable support 17, and the scraped powder bed groove 11 (containing the metal powder printed with one layer) is flush with the partition plate. At the same time, the doctor blade is also arranged to push excess powder into the recovery tank 9 with the simultaneous movement of the movable support.
Referring to fig. 1, a printing base 12 is fixed below the powder bed tank. The stepper motor 14 is arranged at the bottom of the sealed shell and is positioned in the lower cavity; the output end of the stepping motor 14 is connected with the lifter 13, and the stepping motor drives the lifter to move up and down to drive the printing base 12 and the powder bed groove 11 to synchronously lift.
Thus, by the printing base 12 built in the powder bed tank 11, the inside of which has a resistance heating element for powder bed printing preheating, the powder bed is placed on the base 12, and the thickness of each layer to be printed is precisely controlled by the stepping motor 13 and the lifter 14.
Referring to fig. 1, the dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing apparatus of this embodiment further includes at least one group of powder recovery apparatus, the powder recovery apparatus has a recovery tank 9 and a recovery bottle 10, the recovery tank 9 is disposed below a partition plate, the recovery bottle 10 is fixed below the recovery tank 9 and is communicated with the recovery bottle, and an opening is provided at a position on the partition plate corresponding to the recovery tank, so that metal powder is collected into the recovery bottle 10 again via the recovery tank. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the opening is the same as that of the upper opening of the recovery tank.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the lattice type resistance heating plate 4 comprises modularized heating modules composed of densely arranged resistance heating pins, each heating module is controlled by a programmable program and can be replaced independently, and a plurality of heating modules control a heating area by programming.
Referring to fig. 1, the 3D printing apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that a hydraulic lifting frame 3 is fixed inside a sealed housing 2 and connected with a dot matrix resistive heating plate 4 to control its up-down movement, and the acting time of the dot matrix resistive heating plate 4 and powder is precisely controlled by the residence time of the hydraulic lifting frame 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the end face of the lattice type resistance heating plate 4 is in a modular design (as shown in the right diagram of fig. 2), so that damaged components in different areas can be replaced quickly, and preferably, a high-temperature resistant alumina ceramic coating 16 layer is coated on the resistance heating pin to avoid adhesion of molten metal. When printing, the powder contacted with the printing head is heated by resistance heating, and the surrounding area is also heated, wherein the heating area of the powder depends on the type of materials and the resistance power (as shown in fig. 3).
In a preferred embodiment, the dot matrix powder laying 3D printing device is provided with two groups of powder recovery devices, which are respectively arranged at two sides of the powder bed groove, and each group of powder recovery devices is correspondingly provided with a scraper.
In combination with fig. 1, when the powder paving device advances leftwards to perform powder paving, the hydraulic lifting frame drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move upwards, and when the powder paving system advances rightwards to reset, the hydraulic lifting frame drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move downwards to perform 3D printing, so that two powder paving and printing work processes are prevented from being interfered.
In connection with fig. 1, the bottom of the storage bin 5 is higher than the horn-shaped receiving part at the top of the powder feeding assembly 6, so as to avoid collision and interference of the powder spreading device and the movable bracket during the moving process (together with the movable bracket).
Referring to fig. 1, a first slope structure 51 is formed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the storage bin 5, a first powder feeding roller 52 and a first opening 53 are arranged at the bottom of the first slope structure, and metal powder is conveyed at a constant speed through rotation of the first powder feeding roller and is fed to the powder feeding assembly through the first opening 31.
The powder feeding group 6 is provided with a horn-shaped receiving end 61 and a buffer cavity 62 communicated with the receiving end, the receiving end is fixedly arranged at the top of the movable support and used for receiving metal powder conveyed from the storage bin, a second slope structure 63 is formed in the buffer cavity, a second powder feeding roller 64 and a second opening are arranged at the bottom of the second slope structure, and the metal powder is conveyed onto the partition plate at a constant speed through rotation of the second powder feeding roller. The second opening has an elongated slit directed towards the partition 17.
Preferably, the second powder feed roller 64 is smaller in size than the first powder feed roller 52.
The 3D printing device combined with the embodiment shown in fig. 1 adopts a 3D printing working mode of dot matrix powder laying, and specifically comprises the following steps:
after the printing process is started, conveying a certain amount of metal powder in a storage bin through a powder conveying device, forming a powder paving device by a rolling roller and a scraper to scrape and compact the powder, and scraping and collecting the redundant powder into a recovery bottle through the scraper for storage;
when the powder paving device advances leftwards, the hydraulic lifting frame drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move upwards to a point, when the powder paving scraper system advances rightwards, the hydraulic lifting frame returns to the initial position, the dot matrix resistor heating plate is driven to move downwards and contact with a powder bed, 3D printing is carried out, the powder in a region to be formed is heated and then melted by resistance heating on the dot matrix resistor heating plate, the powder in the region is melted or sintered, then the dot matrix resistor heating plate is slowly lifted, heating is stopped at the same time, and then the forming of the solidified whole surface layer forming region is completed;
after finishing printing a surface layer, using a stepping motor and a lifter to downwards move a printing base, then performing new powder paving, rolling and 3D printing on the surface layer, and repeatedly adding printing on the new surface layer until the printing is finished.
According to the technical scheme, the dot matrix powder laying 3D printing device adopts a resistance heating mode, and realizes additive manufacturing printing by using a dot matrix mode, namely after space grid slicing is carried out on a three-dimensional part, one surface is divided into an array of points, and according to single-layer slicing of the three-dimensional part, a region, on which powder on a powder bed is required to be printed, is heated, melted or sintered to obtain surface forming, and then the surface forming is gradually stacked and directly formed.
The 3D printing device performs 3D printing, has lower production cost and extremely high production efficiency, greatly shortens the period of preparing parts by powder spreading printing, ensures the forming precision of the parts, and can print relatively complex parts; in addition, the forming size of the single part can be large or small and is easy to control, and the forming device can be used for manufacturing large metal parts and has strong adaptability.
Claims (9)
1. Powder 3D printing device is spread to dot matrix based on resistance heating, a serial communication port, including sealed casing, pay-off mouth, hydraulic lifting frame, dot matrix resistance hot plate, send powder device, movable support, spread powder device, powder bed groove, print base station, baffle, riser and step motor, wherein:
the seal shell is used for isolating the printing environment from the outside, and is in an all-inert gas environment during printing;
the partition plate is arranged to divide the sealed shell into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the hydraulic lifting frame, the dot matrix resistor heating plate, the powder feeding device, the movable support and the powder spreading device are arranged in the upper cavity, and the powder bed groove, the printing base table, the lifter and the stepping motor are arranged in the lower cavity;
the feeding port is arranged outside the sealing shell, and metal powder enters the powder feeding device through the inlet of the feeding port;
the powder feeding device comprises a storage bin and a powder feeding assembly, wherein the storage bin is provided with a cavity for containing metal powder, and the cavity is communicated with a feeding port; the powder feeding component is arranged at the lower part of the storage bin and is used for receiving the metal powder conveyed from the storage bin;
a movable bracket is arranged below the powder feeding device and positioned on the partition plate; the powder feeding component is positioned in a space defined by the movable support, and a discharge hole at the bottom of the powder feeding component is adjacent to the partition plate so as to provide a layer of metal powder for printing;
the powder spreading device comprises a pressing roller for spreading powder and a scraper, the scraper is arranged at the bottom end of the movable bracket, the scraper is arranged to move synchronously with the movable bracket, the metal powder conveyed by the powder conveying device is scraped into the powder bed groove, the pressing roller is arranged to be driven to roll on the partition plate, drive the whole movable bracket to move and compact the metal powder spread into the powder bed groove, wherein the powder bed groove is positioned below the partition plate and is flush with the partition plate after powder spreading, and the partition plate is provided with a groove with the same cross section as the powder bed groove;
the printing base is fixed below the powder bed groove;
the stepper motor is arranged at the bottom of the sealing shell and is positioned in the lower cavity; the output end of the stepping motor is connected with the lifter, and the lifter is driven to move up and down through the stepping motor to drive the printing base table and the powder bed groove to synchronously lift;
the dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device further comprises at least one group of powder recovery device, wherein the powder recovery device is provided with a recovery groove and a recovery bottle, the recovery groove is arranged below the partition board, the recovery bottle is fixed below the recovery groove and is communicated with the recovery bottle, and an opening part is arranged at the position, corresponding to the recovery groove, on the partition board, so that metal powder is collected into the recovery bottle again through the recovery groove;
the lattice type resistance heating plate comprises modularized heating modules composed of densely arranged resistance heating pins, each heating module is controlled by a programmable mode and can be independently replaced, and the heating modules control a heating area through programming;
the bottom of the inner cavity of the storage bin forms a first slope structure, the bottom of the first slope structure is provided with a first powder feeding roller and a first opening, and the metal powder is conveyed to the powder feeding assembly at a constant speed through rotation of the first powder feeding roller;
the powder feeding assembly is provided with a horn-shaped receiving end and a buffer cavity communicated with the receiving end, the receiving end is fixedly arranged at the top of the movable support and used for receiving metal powder conveyed from the storage bin, a second slope structure is formed in the buffer cavity, a second powder feeding roller and a second opening are arranged at the bottom of the second slope structure, and the metal powder is conveyed onto the partition plate at a constant speed through rotation of the second powder feeding roller.
2. The dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device based on resistance heating according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the opening is the same as the upper opening of the recovery tank.
3. The resistive heating-based dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the doctor blade is further arranged to move synchronously with the movable support, to scrape off metal powder and push excess powder into the recovery tank.
4. The dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device based on resistance heating according to claim 3, wherein the dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device is provided with two groups of powder recovery devices which are respectively arranged at two sides of the powder bed groove, and each group of powder recovery devices is correspondingly provided with a scraper.
5. The dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device based on resistance heating according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic lifting frame drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move upwards when the powder spreading device advances leftwards for spreading powder, and drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move downwards when the powder spreading scraper system advances rightwards for resetting, so that 3D printing is performed.
6. The dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device based on resistance heating according to claim 1, wherein the resistance heating needle is coated with a high temperature resistant alumina ceramic coating.
7. The dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device based on resistance heating according to claim 1, wherein a resistance heating element is arranged inside the printing base for preheating the powder bed groove.
8. The resistive heating-based dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device according to claim 1, wherein the second powder feeding roller is smaller in size than the first powder feeding roller.
9. The dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing method of the dot matrix powder spreading 3D printing device based on resistance heating according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
after the printing process is started, conveying a certain amount of metal powder in a storage bin through a powder conveying device, forming a powder paving device by a rolling roller and a scraper to scrape and compact the powder, and scraping and collecting the redundant powder into a recovery bottle through the scraper for storage;
when the powder paving device advances leftwards, the hydraulic lifting frame drives the dot matrix resistor heating plate to move upwards to a point, when the powder paving scraper system advances rightwards, the hydraulic lifting frame returns to the initial position, the dot matrix resistor heating plate is driven to move downwards and contact with a powder bed, 3D printing is carried out, the powder in a region to be formed is heated and then melted by resistance heating on the dot matrix resistor heating plate, the powder in the region is melted or sintered, then the dot matrix resistor heating plate is slowly lifted, heating is stopped at the same time, and then the forming of the solidified whole surface layer forming region is completed;
after finishing printing a surface layer, using a stepping motor and a lifter to downwards move a printing base, then performing new powder paving, rolling and 3D printing on the surface layer, and repeatedly adding printing on the new surface layer until the printing is finished.
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| CN110978507B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-04-15 | 安徽薄荷三维科技有限公司 | Powder paving device for full-color powder 3D printing |
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| CN112264620A (en) * | 2020-11-07 | 2021-01-26 | 齐齐哈尔金车工业有限责任公司 | Simple 3D printing system with selective resistance heating |
| CN112846239B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-08-16 | 季华实验室 | Powder paving mechanism for large metal 3D printing equipment |
| CN113085187B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2023-08-18 | 东北林业大学 | Modularized powder consumable supply system for laser sintering |
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