CN110153220B - Glass mat for hot extrusion of large-diameter steel pipe and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Glass mat for hot extrusion of large-diameter steel pipe and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110153220B CN110153220B CN201910351585.4A CN201910351585A CN110153220B CN 110153220 B CN110153220 B CN 110153220B CN 201910351585 A CN201910351585 A CN 201910351585A CN 110153220 B CN110153220 B CN 110153220B
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 249
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031864 metaphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000031877 prophase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C26/00—Rams or plungers; Discs therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
- B32B38/1808—Handling of layers or the laminate characterised by the laying up of the layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/02—Temperature
- B32B2309/025—Temperature vs time profiles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal hot extrusion, and provides a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe and a manufacturing method thereof. The glass mat is divided into a plurality of glass layer units with preset melting temperature which gradually rises from two ends to the middle, and the glass layer units correspond to the temperature variation trend of the contact area of the blank and the glass mat in the extrusion process, so that the glass lubricating film between the blank and the die can be maintained at the ideal thickness in the whole extrusion process, the defect of insufficient glass melting or over-thick glass lubricating film on the surface of the steel pipe is avoided, the integral quality of the steel pipe is improved, the friction condition is improved, the die loss degree is reduced, and the breakthrough extrusion force and the ending pressure are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal hot extrusion, in particular to a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The extrusion process is that metal blank is put into an extrusion cylinder, an extrusion shaft moves at a certain speed, and metal is forced to be extruded from a die hole at the front end of the extrusion cylinder under strong pressure to obtain an extruded part. When the pipe is extruded, an annular die hole can be formed between the extrusion die and the mandrel, the blank flows out of the annular die hole under the pushing of the extrusion shaft, the inner diameter of the pipe is determined by the extrusion mandrel, the outer diameter of the pipe is determined by the bearing of the extrusion die, and finally the extruded pipe with a certain size can be obtained.
The hot extrusion of steel pipes is generally carried out at high temperature and high pressure, the requirements on lubricants are high, and the glass lubrication technology can meet the special requirements, so the hot extrusion process is widely applied to the hot extrusion process of seamless steel pipes. In the extrusion process, a glass pad with a certain thickness is placed at the front end of the blank, the high-temperature blank enables the glass pad to be softened and melted, and then sticky molten glass with a certain thickness is formed, and flows out along with flowing metal under the action of an extrusion shaft, so that a continuous and complete glass lubricating film is formed between the blank and a die, and the effects of lubricating, insulating heat and protecting the die are achieved.
At present, a common homogeneous glass mat is generally adopted for lubricating a steel pipe in a hot extrusion process, and the melting temperature of the glass mat is generally set according to the temperature of a steel ingot during hot extrusion. However, for a large-diameter steel pipe, the duration of the whole extrusion process is relatively long, the steel ingot can be subjected to temperature drop from the heating end to the extrusion beginning, the temperature of the steel ingot can rise due to deformation heat and friction heat in the extrusion early period, and can fall due to heat dissipation temperature in the later period, the temperature of the steel ingot in the whole process is unstable and has certain fluctuation, so that the common homogeneous glass mat is not fully melted at the extrusion beginning and the extrusion ending, and the melting in the middle period of the extrusion is too fast. Insufficient glass melting may result in hard particles scratching the metal surface, and too fast melting may result in an excessively thick lubricating film, which may result in "orange peel" on the surface of the steel pipe. And the insufficient glass melting or the too fast glass melting can cause the lubricating effect to be unsatisfactory, thereby causing the friction coefficient between the steel pipe and the die to be larger, increasing the required extrusion force and accelerating the die loss.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of insufficient glass melting or too fast glass melting caused by adopting homogeneous glass in the conventional glass mat and improving the lubricating condition, thereby improving the overall quality of the steel pipe, reducing the breakthrough extrusion force and the ending pressure and lightening the loss degree of a mold.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe is provided, wherein a central hole is formed in the glass mat, the glass mat includes multiple glass layer units sequentially stacked along an axis direction of the central hole, each glass layer unit corresponds to different preset melting temperatures, and the preset melting temperatures corresponding to the multiple glass layer units are respectively increased in a gradient manner from two ends to the middle.
Preferably, the glass layer unit comprises three layers, the three glass layer units sequentially comprise a first glass layer, a second glass layer and a third glass layer along the extrusion advancing direction, and the corresponding preset melting temperatures of the first glass layer and the third glass layer are all smaller than the corresponding preset melting temperature of the second glass layer.
Preferably, the preset melting temperature of the first glass layer is 20-150 ℃ lower than that of the second glass layer, and the preset melting temperature of the third glass layer is 20-150 ℃ lower than that of the second glass layer.
Preferably, the thickness ratio of the first glass layer, the second glass layer and the third glass layer is: 1:18:1 to 3:4: 3.
Preferably, a plurality of the glass layer units are integrally molded.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe, including the steps of:
s1, determining the number of layers of glass layer units according to the change relationship between the temperature of the contact area of the blank and the glass pad and the extrusion stroke in the extrusion process, and setting the preset melting temperature corresponding to each layer of glass layer units;
s2, selecting glass powder corresponding to each preset melting temperature according to the preset melting temperature corresponding to each layer of glass layer unit;
s3, manufacturing the glass mat with the multilayer glass layer unit by the glass powder according to the change trend of the preset melting temperature; the change trend of the preset melting temperature is that the two ends of the preset melting temperature respectively increase towards the middle in a gradient manner.
Preferably, the S1 further includes: and determining the thickness ratio of each glass unit layer according to the change relation between the temperature of the contact area of the blank and the glass pad and the extrusion stroke in the extrusion process.
Preferably, in S3, the manufacturing of the glass mat specifically includes:
and filling the mixture of the glass powder and the water glass into corresponding glass pad molds in sequence according to the change trend of the preset melting temperature, and then curing to obtain the glass pads.
Preferably, the glass layer unit comprises three layers, the three glass layer unit sequentially comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer and a third glass layer along the extrusion advancing direction, the preparation temperature of the blank is 1000-1300 ℃, the preset melting temperature of the first glass layer is 550-650 ℃, the preset melting temperature of the second glass layer is 670-770 ℃, and the preset melting temperature of the third glass layer is 560-660 ℃.
Preferably, the thickness ratio of the first glass layer, the second glass layer and the third glass layer is: 1:18:1 to 3:4: 3.
(III) advantageous effects
The glass mat for hot extrusion of the large-diameter steel pipe and the manufacturing method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that the glass mat is divided into the multiple layers of glass layer units, the preset melting temperature of which gradually rises from two ends to the middle respectively, and the multiple layers of glass layer units correspond to the temperature variation trend of the contact area of the blank and the glass mat in the extrusion advancing process, so that a glass lubricating film with ideal thickness can be formed between the blank and the die, the lubricating film is maintained at the ideal thickness in the whole extrusion process, the defect that the surface of the steel pipe is generated due to insufficient glass melting or excessively thick glass lubricating film is avoided, the integral quality of the steel pipe is improved, the friction condition between the blank and the die is improved, the die loss degree is reduced, and the breakthrough extrusion force and the.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the temperature of the contact interface between the billet and the glass during the extrusion of the steel tube and the variation of the extrusion stroke under the specific application conditions of the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a first glass layer; 2. a second glass layer; 3. a third glass layer; 4. a central bore.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe, the glass mat having a center hole 4 for passing a billet and a mandrel, the glass mat comprising: the multilayer glass layer unit that sets up superposes in proper order along the axis direction of centre bore 4, and the centre of every layer of glass layer unit is equipped with the through-hole unanimous with the aperture of centre bore 4, and all through-holes align and form centre bore 4 promptly, multilayer glass layer unit adopts the mould integrated into one piece can form the glass pad.
Each layer of glass layer unit corresponds to different preset melting temperatures, and the specific preset melting temperature can be realized by glass powder with different material components. The preset melting temperature is a temperature change range between the glass layer unit from the beginning of softening to the end of becoming a lubricating film having flowability. The preset melting temperature corresponding to the multi-layer glass layer unit is increased in a gradient manner from two ends to the middle respectively, so that the whole glass mat presents the tendency that the preset melting temperature in the middle of the glass mat is high, the preset melting temperature at two ends is low and the gradient changes, and corresponds to the change tendency of the temperature of the contact area between the blank and the glass mat in the extrusion advancing process.
According to the glass mat for hot extrusion of the large-caliber steel pipe, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the glass mat is divided into the multiple glass layer units, the preset melting temperatures corresponding to the multiple glass layer units are respectively increased in a gradient manner from two ends to the middle, and correspond to the temperature variation trend of the contact area of the blank and the glass mat in the extrusion advancing process, a glass lubricating film with an ideal thickness can be formed between the blank and a mold, the lubricating film can be maintained with the ideal thickness in the whole extrusion process, the defect that the glass lubricating film is excessively thick on the surface of the steel pipe due to insufficient glass melting or insufficient glass lubricating film is avoided, the overall quality of the steel pipe is improved, the friction condition between the blank and the mold is improved, the mold loss degree is reduced, and the breakthrough extrusion force and the ending pressure are reduced.
On the basis of the above embodiments, for convenience of description and illustration, the number of the glass layer units in the present embodiment is set to three layers, and the three glass layer units are the first glass layer 1, the second glass layer 2 and the third glass layer 3 in sequence along the extrusion traveling direction of the steel pipe (the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 1), and the preset melting temperatures corresponding to the first glass layer 1 and the third glass layer 3 are all lower than the preset melting temperature corresponding to the second glass layer 2, similar to the inverted V-shaped temperature variation relationship, so that a glass mat with a high preset melting temperature in the middle and low preset melting temperatures at both ends can be formed.
Meanwhile, in the actual extrusion stroke, the initial temperature of the contact interface between the outer side of the blank and the glass pad is lower than the preparation temperature of the blank, a certain time is required from the blank manufacturing to the extrusion starting, the temperature of the outer surface of the blank is reduced, the temperature of the intersection of the upper surface and the lower surface with the vertical surface is the lowest, when the extrusion is started, the intersection of the upper surface and the vertical surface is contacted with the glass pad, the blank with relatively low temperature flows out, due to deformation heat and friction heat, the temperature of the blank contacted with the glass pad is increased, and the temperature of the blank contacted with the glass pad is reduced due to heat dissipation temperature at the later stage, and the intersection of the lower surface of the blank and the vertical surface is. Specifically, the preset melting temperature of the middle second glass layer is taken as a reference object, the preset melting temperature of the first glass layer 1 is 20-150 ℃ lower than the melting temperature of the second glass layer 2, the preset melting temperature of the third glass layer 3 is 20-150 ℃ lower than the melting temperature of the second glass layer 2, and the glass mat with the gradient distribution of the melting temperatures can achieve an ideal lubricating effect.
On the basis of the above-described exemplary embodiments, in order to better match the preset melting temperature of the individual glass layer units to the actual temperature profile of the contact area between the outer side of the blank and the glass mat, it is necessary to set the thickness of the glass layer units of each layer, i.e. the stroke range corresponding to the preset melting temperature. According to the temperature and the change relation of extrusion stroke in the extrusion process outside the heavy-calibre steel pipe blank, the travel time of extrusion prophase is shorter, and the travel time of extrusion metaphase is the longest to set up first glass layer 1, second glass layer 2 and third glass layer 3's thickness ratio: 1:18: 1-3: 4:3, and manufacturing the glass mat by each layer of glass layer unit according to the determined thickness ratio so as to achieve the optimal lubricating effect.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe, including the following steps:
s1, determining the number of layers of glass layer units according to the change relationship between the temperature of the contact area of the blank and the glass pad and the extrusion stroke in the extrusion process, and setting the corresponding preset melting temperature of each layer of glass layer unit;
s2, selecting glass powder corresponding to each preset melting temperature according to the preset melting temperature corresponding to each layer of glass layer unit;
s3, manufacturing the glass mat with the multilayer glass layer unit by using various glass powders according to the change trend of the preset melting temperature; the change trend of the preset melting temperature is that the two ends of the preset melting temperature respectively increase towards the middle in a gradient manner.
Specifically, in step S1, in the extrusion process of the large-diameter steel pipe, since the duration of the whole extrusion process is relatively long, the temperature of the billet will decrease from the end of heating to the beginning of extrusion, the temperature will increase due to the deformation heat and the friction heat in the early stage of extrusion, and the temperature will decrease due to the heat dissipation in the later stage, so the change relationship between the temperature outside the billet and the extrusion stroke is a change process of first decreasing the temperature, increasing the temperature, and then decreasing the temperature. According to the temperature change relationship, the glass mat to be manufactured can be divided into a plurality of glass layer units along the axis of the glass mat, and the specific number of the layers of the glass layer units is determined, so that the specific temperature change area is arranged on the glass mat. And simultaneously setting the preset melting temperature corresponding to each layer of glass layer unit, wherein the gradient setting of the preset melting temperature is consistent with the temperature change of the contact area of the blank and the glass pad.
In step S2, after determining the preset melting temperature corresponding to each glass layer unit, it is necessary to prepare various glass powders satisfying the preset melting temperature, and different glass powders achieve the corresponding preset melting temperature by different specific material compositions.
In step S3, the prepared glass powders are used to make a glass mat with multiple glass layer units according to the trend of the preset melting temperature, in this embodiment, the trend of the preset melting temperature of each glass layer unit is gradually increased from the two ends to the middle, that is, the trend is consistent with the temperature of the contact area between the actual blank and the glass mat along with the change of the stroke.
Wherein, the preparation of glass mat specifically includes: and filling the mixture of various glass powders and water glass into corresponding glass pad molds in sequence according to the change trend of the preset melting temperature, then carrying out curing treatment and integral molding, and finally obtaining the composite glass pad with the gradient distribution of the preset melting temperature.
Furthermore, in step S1, in order to better match the preset melting temperature of each glass layer unit with the temperature variation tendency of the actual blank-to-glass-pad contact area, the thickness of the glass layer unit of each layer needs to be set. Under the condition that the whole thickness of the glass pad is constant, the thickness ratio of each glass unit layer is determined according to the change relation between the temperature of the contact area of the blank and the glass pad and the extrusion stroke in the extrusion process, and the thickness ratio can be specifically set according to the stroke or time corresponding to each section of temperature.
For convenience of explanation on the above manufacturing steps, the glass layer unit is provided with three layers, and the three-layer glass layer unit sequentially comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer and a third glass layer along the extrusion advancing direction. Taking the preparation temperature of the blank as 1000-1300 ℃ as an example, the preset melting temperature of the first glass layer is 550-650 ℃, the preset melting temperature of the second glass layer is 670-770 ℃, and the preset melting temperature of the third glass layer is 560-660 ℃. Meanwhile, the thickness ratio of the first glass layer, the second glass layer and the third glass layer is set as follows: 1:18: 1-3: 4:3 to achieve better lubricating effect, and be beneficial to further improving the quality of workpieces and reducing the loss of the die.
The whole manufacturing process of the glass mat is explained by taking a specific blank as an example:
preparing a glass pad with gradient distribution of preset melting temperature for lubricating a steel pipe hot extrusion process, wherein the blank temperature is 1280 ℃, and the material is P91, the inner diameter is 590mm, and the outer diameter is 710 mm.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. obtaining the variation relationship of the temperature of the contact interface between the blank and the glass along with the extrusion stroke in the process of extruding the steel tube (as shown in figure 3)
The steel ingot generally has temperature drop from the end of heating to the beginning of extrusion, the temperature of the outer surface is about 780-950 ℃, the temperature of the intersection of the upper surface and the lower surface and the vertical surface is the lowest, and the temperature of the blank contacting with the glass mat is about 800 ℃ when the extrusion begins; along with the extrusion, the temperature rises due to deformation heat and friction heat, and the edge with the lowest temperature of the blank is extruded, so that the temperature of the blank contacting with the glass pad rises to about 920 ℃, the temperature drops due to heat dissipation at the later stage, the blank with lower temperature at the intersection of the lower surface of the blank and the vertical surface contacts with the glass pad, the extrusion time of the large-caliber steel pipe lasts for 20-30 seconds, even 1 minute, and the temperature of the area reaches about 810 ℃. Therefore, it was confirmed that the temperature of the area where the billet contacts the glass mat varied in the range of 800 ℃ to 920 ℃ to 810 ℃ with the extrusion stroke.
2. Determining the number of layers of glass layer units, and setting the preset melting temperature and proportion corresponding to each layer of glass layer unit;
according to the analysis in the step 1 (including the travel time of each temperature section), setting the glass mat into three layers, wherein the preset melting temperature of the first layer (just beginning to contact with the steel ingot) is T ℃ (T is the corresponding preset melting temperature of the glass mat when the temperature of the blank is 800 ℃, and is about 600 ℃), and the proportion is 10%; the preset melting temperature of the second layer is about (T +120) DEG C, and the proportion is 85%; the preset melting temperature of the third layer is (T +10) DEG C, and the proportion of the preset melting temperature is 5%.
3. Selecting glass powder
And (3) selecting three kinds of glass powder according to the setting result in the step (2), and mixing the three kinds of glass powder with water glass to obtain the glass mat with the corresponding preset melting temperature, wherein the preset melting temperatures are about T ℃, T +120 ℃ and T +10 ℃ respectively.
4. Preparing the glass mat with the preset melting temperature in gradient distribution
And (3) according to the sequence set in the step (2), uniformly mixing the three types of glass powder and water glass, sequentially filling the mixture into a glass pad curing mold, wherein the filling thickness ratio is 2:17:1, and then drying and curing the mixture at a certain temperature to prepare the required glass pad.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The glass mat for hot extrusion of the large-diameter steel pipe is internally provided with a central hole and is characterized by comprising a plurality of layers of glass layer units which are sequentially overlapped along the axis direction of the central hole, wherein each layer of glass layer unit corresponds to different preset melting temperatures, and the preset melting temperatures corresponding to the plurality of layers of glass layer units are respectively increased in a gradient manner from two ends to the middle;
the glass layer unit comprises three layers, wherein the three layers of glass layer units sequentially comprise a first glass layer, a second glass layer and a third glass layer along the extrusion advancing direction, the preset melting temperature of the first glass layer is 20-150 ℃ lower than that of the second glass layer, and the preset melting temperature of the third glass layer is 20-150 ℃ lower than that of the second glass layer.
2. The glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe according to claim 1, wherein the thickness ratio of the first glass layer, the second glass layer and the third glass layer is: 1:18:1 to 3:4: 3.
3. The glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the glass layer units are integrally molded.
4. A manufacturing method of a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the number of layers of glass layer units according to the change relationship between the temperature of the contact area of the blank and the glass pad and the extrusion stroke in the extrusion process, and setting the preset melting temperature corresponding to each layer of glass layer units;
s2, selecting glass powder corresponding to each preset melting temperature according to the preset melting temperature corresponding to each layer of glass layer unit;
s3, manufacturing the glass mat with a plurality of glass layer units by the glass powder according to the change trend of the preset melting temperature; the change trend of the preset melting temperature is that the two ends respectively increase in a gradient manner towards the middle;
the glass layer unit comprises three layers, wherein the three-layer glass layer unit sequentially comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer and a third glass layer along the extrusion advancing direction, the preparation temperature of the blank is 1000-1300 ℃, the preset melting temperature of the first glass layer is 550-650 ℃, the preset melting temperature of the second glass layer is 670-770 ℃, and the preset melting temperature of the third glass layer is 560-660 ℃.
5. The method for manufacturing a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe according to claim 4, wherein the step S1 further comprises: and determining the thickness ratio of each layer of the glass layer unit according to the change relation between the temperature of the area near the contact part of the blank and the glass pad and the extrusion stroke in the extrusion process.
6. The method for manufacturing a glass mat for hot extrusion of a large-diameter steel pipe according to claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the manufacturing of the glass mat specifically includes:
and filling the mixture of the glass powder and the water glass into corresponding glass pad molds in sequence according to the change trend of the preset melting temperature, and then curing to obtain the glass pads.
7. The method for manufacturing the glass mat for hot extrusion of the large-diameter steel pipe according to claim 5, wherein the thickness ratio of the first glass layer to the second glass layer to the third glass layer is as follows: 1:18:1 to 3:4: 3.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3390079A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1968-06-25 | Utakoji Masaru | Method of hot extrusion of metallic articles |
| SU536875A1 (en) * | 1975-01-06 | 1976-11-30 | Центральный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Технологии Машиностроения | Washer for high-temperature hydraulic pressing products |
| SU1158270A1 (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1985-05-30 | Центральный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Научно-Исследовательский Институт Черной Металлургии Им.И.П.Бардина | Lubricating washer for articles hot extrusion |
| CN203917443U (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-11-05 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of hot extrusion lubricating glass pad |
| CN105731792B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-12-26 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of lubricant for abros hot extrusion and preparation method thereof |
| CN108238724A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-07-03 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of hot extrusion pressure lubricating pads production method with compound glass |
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