CN110152678B - Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2Nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst as energy source - Google Patents
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2Nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst as energy source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing CO by electrocatalysis2The preparation method of the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst which is used as energy source can reduce CO2Is valuable gas phase product (such as CO, CH)4、C2H4) And a liquid phase product. Electrocatalytic reduction of CO with improved Cu-based alloy catalyst2Performance, improved the pair CH4Reduction selectivity of (2). The method forms the copper rare earth alloy material by screening different types and dosages of rare earth metals, and finally determines that the rare earth Yb is alloyed with Cu; preparing a Cu nano catalyst and a Cu-Yb nano metal electrocatalyst with uniformly distributed alloy by adopting a simple chemical liquid phase reduction method according to the characteristic of rapid quenching nucleation synthesis; researches the morphology and component pair of the Cu-Yb alloy electrocatalyst on the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2The influence of the performance provides certain reference significance for reasonable design of the electrocatalyst. The process has simple operation, safety, reliability and low cost,has good popularization and application prospect.
Description
The invention relates to a preparation method of a Cu-Yb nano alloy material, and the obtained Cu-Yb nano alloy material is applied to the field of catalysis, in particular to the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2The field of the technology.
Background
CO2As a greenhouseGases, the climate impact of which is slowly and significantly affecting our production and life. The urgent goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing the harm of human activities to the climate system, and slowing down climate change, therefore, researchers have proposed using multiple methods simultaneously to mitigate global CO2Negative effects of high emissions, such as atmospheric CO2The method has the advantages of capturing and sealing, improving the energy utilization rate of vehicles and buildings, using alternative energy sources and the like. Wherein CO is introduced2The conversion of the CO into high value-added chemicals or fuels through catalytic reaction can not only realize the CO in the atmosphere2The content is reduced, and clean and environment-friendly energy can be provided, so that the environment is improved, and energy is provided. The carbon dioxide is reduced by an electrochemical method to be converted into clean energy such as CO, formic acid, methane, methanol and the like, so that not only can the problem of CO be solved2The surplus problem can also solve the problem of surplus thermal power. Moreover, the method has mild reaction conditions, does not need high temperature and high pressure, has flexible equipment operation and high energy utilization efficiency, and can regulate and control the product selectivity and the reaction speed by simply changing the electrolysis conditions, so the method is considered to be CO2The transformation technology with the most development prospect in resource utilization. But the implementation of this approach relies on the development of high performance cathodic electrocatalytic materials.
Electroreduction of CO from different metals under the same reaction conditions in a plurality of catalytic materials2The distribution of products is very different, and CO can perform multiple reaction paths due to the difference of the adsorption capacity of the reaction intermediate product CO on the surface of the reaction intermediate product CO, so that CH is generated4、CH3OH、C2H4、C2H5OH and the like. And Cu is the only metal that effectively adsorbs the intermediate CO and reduces it further to hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, there are still many problems to be solved in the current Cu-based electrocatalysts, such as: (1) high overpotential leads to low energy efficiency (CH)4Overpotential about 0.9V, C2H4Overpotential about 0.7V); (2) the electron transfer kinetics are slow; (3) the selectivity to specific products is poor, and the number of reduction products is up to 16; (4) the bias current density is too low; (5) catalytic converterThe stability of the agent is poor and the agent is generally inactivated within 1 to 5 hours. The above problems severely limit the commercial application of Cu-based catalytic materials. Based on the above, researchers optimize the Cu-based electrocatalyst in terms of size, morphology, composition, surface ligands, and other structures to improve its catalytic performance. Research shows that compared with a single metal catalyst, the alloy catalyst is flexible in design, various in types and various in structure, often shows more excellent catalytic performance than the single metal forming the alloy catalyst, and is favored by researchers in the field of energy catalysis. In CO2In the electrocatalytic reduction reaction, the structure and the components of the catalyst are changed in the alloying process so as to regulate and control the binding energy of a reaction intermediate on the surface of the catalyst and break the linear relation existing between intermediate products, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing reaction overpotential and improving the selectivity of a specific product.
In combination with the current situation, the invention aims at overcoming the defects of high overpotential of reaction, low product selectivity, poor catalytic stability and the like of the Cu-based catalyst and aims at improving the electrocatalytic reduction of CO by optimizing the structure and the composition of the Cu-based catalyst2And (6) performing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to prepare Cu and Cu-Yb alloy electro-catalysts by using a simple chemical liquid phase reduction method, and explores the component pair electro-catalytic reduction CO of the Cu-Yb alloy electro-catalysts through various structural representations and catalytic performance tests2The influence of the performance provides a certain reference significance for reasonable design of the electrocatalyst and promotes electrochemical reduction of CO2The industrial process of (1). The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a nanometer Cu-Yb alloy catalyst with electrocatalytic reduction CO2 of CH4 is prepared by the following steps:
(1) continuously introducing inert gas into a reaction container A containing a solvent, wherein the solvent is a compound containing alcoholic hydroxyl;
(2) starting a magnetic stirrer, and heating to control the reaction temperature to be 200-400 ℃;
(3) adding the solvent into a reaction container B, and dissolving a metal salt and PVP (K30) in the solvent, wherein the metal salt is one or a mixture of copper nitrate, copper acetate, ytterbium nitrate or ytterbium acetate;
(4) under the condition of stirring, injecting the substances in the reaction container B into the container A, controlling the reaction temperature to be 200-400 ℃, and controlling the reaction time to be 5-20 min;
(5) and (3) quickly cooling the materials in the reaction container A, then carrying out centrifugal separation, respectively washing the filtered solids for a plurality of times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then carrying out normal-temperature vacuum drying to obtain the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst.
Further, the solvent containing alcoholic hydroxyl group in step (1) is one of diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol.
Preferably, the dosage of the solvent is 10-30 mL.
Preferably, the heating to the highest temperature points in step (2) are 230, 250, 280 and 300 ℃.
Preferably, the metal salts in step (3) are added at different ratios, and the ratio of the copper salt to the ytterbium salt is 1: 1. 4: 1 or 9: 1.
preferably, the molar concentration of PVP (K30) in step (3) is 0.5, 1 or 1.5 mol/L.
Preferably, the reaction time in step (4) is 5, 10, 15 or 20 min.
The most prominent characteristics and remarkable beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
firstly, the operation is simple, the Cu and Yb sources do not need pretreatment, the carbon black carrier as the raw material does not need strong acid and strong alkali treatment, and the consumption of the raw material is small;
secondly, Cu and Yb in the obtained Cu-Yb alloy particles are uniformly distributed, and the alloy particles are not agglomerated and have good physical and chemical properties and stability;
experiments show that the Cu-Yb alloy with a certain Yb content has a catalytic performance obviously different from that of pure Cu, and shows a remarkable alloy effect. The addition of Yb in Cu9Yb1, Cu4Yb1 and Cu1Yb1 can effectively improve CH4The product selectivity of (1) and the generation of ethylene are inhibited, and the Cu4Bi1 is most obviously shown, and the CH is4The highest Faraday efficiency can reach 40 percent at minus 1.0V, which is 2.2 times that of Cu NP.
Fourthly, by means of various structural representations and catalytic performance tests, the component pair electrocatalytic reduction CO of the copper-based electrocatalyst is explored2The influence of the performance provides a certain reference significance for reasonable design of the electrocatalyst and promotes electrochemical reduction of CO2The industrial process of (1).
Drawings
FIG. 1 TEM picture of Cu-Yb alloy: a) cu, b) Cu9Yb 1; c) cu4Yb 1; d) cu1Yb 1;
FIG. 2 TEM and EDS elemental profiles of a Cu-Yb alloy;
FIG. 3 Faraday efficiency plot of gas phase product for Cu-Yb alloy series catalysts: a) CO; b) CH (CH)4;c) C2H4;d) H2;
FIG. 4 CH of Cu-Yb alloyed catalyst4Faradaic efficiency plot of the products.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the Cu-Yb nano alloy electrocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, adding 20 mL of triethylene glycol as a solvent into a three-neck flask, connecting an air guide pipe and a spherical condenser pipe, and introducing N from the air guide pipe2Introducing the/Ar mixed gas for 20 min continuously to remove dissolved oxygen, and ensuring that the subsequent reaction is carried out in an inert atmosphere;
secondly, heating to 280 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and magnetically stirring at a proper speed.
Thirdly, dissolving the metal salt and PVP (K30) by using 1 mL of triethylene glycol as a solvent to obtain 0.4 mol/L Cu (Ac)2And 0.1 mol/L Y (NO)3)3And 0.5 mol/L PVP (K30);
fourthly, the dissolved metal salt is injected into the hot solution, and the reaction is kept for 15 min.
And fifthly, removing the heating source from the flask, quickly cooling, centrifugally separating, respectively washing for 2-3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then carrying out vacuum drying for 12 hours at normal temperature.
The invention researches a method for reducing CO by electrocatalysis2The preparation method of the performance nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst can improve the electrocatalytic reduction CO of the Cu-based alloy catalyst by changing the charge ratio, the reaction temperature and the reaction time of the nano alloy2Performance, increased distribution of gas phase products. The invention uses Cu-Yb binary alloy as an electrocatalyst for the first time. Experiments show that the Cu-Yb alloy with a certain Yb content has a catalytic performance obviously different from that of pure Cu, and shows a remarkable alloy effect. The addition of Yb in Cu9Yb1, Cu4Yb1 and Cu1Yb1 can effectively improve CH4The product selectivity of (1) and the generation of ethylene are inhibited, and the Cu4Yb1 is most obviously shown, and the CH thereof is4The highest Faraday efficiency can reach 41 percent at-1.8V.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the solvent added in the step one is 20 mL of diethylene glycol; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the volume of the triethylene glycol solvent added in the step one is 10 mL; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the volume of the triethylene glycol solvent added in the step one is 30 mL; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: step one, the N is not continuously introduced2The purpose of removing dissolved oxygen is achieved by the aid of the/Ar mixed gas; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: heating to different maximum temperatures in the second step, and keeping the maximum temperature at 230 ℃; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: heating to different maximum temperatures in the second step, and keeping the maximum temperature at 250 ℃; the rest is the same as the first embodiment. .
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: heating to different maximum temperatures in the second step, and keeping the maximum temperature at 300 ℃; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the selected metal in the third step is Cu ((NO)3)2And Y ((NO)3)3The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the selected metal in the step three is Cu (Ac)2And Y (Ac)3The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the selected metal in the step three is Cu (Ac)2And Y ((NO)3)3The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode twelve: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the metal salt (Cu (Ac) described in step three2And Y (NO)3)3) 0.4 mol/L Cu (Ac) in different molar concentrations2(ii) a The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is thirteen: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the metal salt (Cu (Ac) described in step three2And Y (NO)3)3) 0.25 mol/L Cu (Ac) with different molar concentrations2And 0.25 mol/L Y (NO)3)3(ii) a The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is fourteen: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the metal salt (Cu (Ac) described in step three2And Y (NO)3)3) 0.45 mol/L Cu (Ac) with different molar concentrations2And 0.05 mol/L of Y (NO)3)3(ii) a The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The concrete implementation mode is fifteen: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the PVP (K30) is added in different amounts in the third step, and the adding amount is 1 mol/L; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is sixteen: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the PVP (K30) is added in different amounts in the third step, and the adding amount is 1.5 mol/L; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Seventeenth embodiment: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: keeping the reaction time different from the step four, wherein the reaction time is 5 min; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eighteen: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: keeping the reaction time different from the fourth step, wherein the reaction time is 10 min; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The detailed embodiment is nineteen: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: keeping the reaction time different from the fourth step, wherein the reaction time is 20 min; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Claims (6)
1. Electro-catalytic reduction of CO by using nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst2Is CH4The method is characterized in that the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst is Cu9Yb1, Cu4Yb1 or Cu1Yb 1; the preparation method of the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) continuously introducing inert gas into a reaction container A containing a solvent, wherein the solvent is a compound containing alcoholic hydroxyl;
(2) starting a magnetic stirrer, and heating to control the reaction temperature to be 200-400 ℃;
(3) adding the solvent into a reaction container B, dissolving metal salt and PVP-K30 in the solvent, wherein the metal salt is a mixture of copper nitrate and ytterbium nitrate, a mixture of copper acetate and ytterbium acetate or a mixture of copper acetate and ytterbium nitrate; the molar ratio of copper salt to ytterbium salt in the metal salt is 1: 1. 4: 1 or 9: 1;
(4) under the condition of stirring, injecting the substances in the reaction container B into the container A, controlling the reaction temperature to be 200-400 ℃, and controlling the reaction time to be 5-20 min;
(5) and (3) quickly cooling the materials in the reaction container A, then carrying out centrifugal separation, respectively washing the filtered solids for a plurality of times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and then carrying out normal-temperature vacuum drying to obtain the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst.
2. The method for electrocatalytic reduction of CO by using the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst as claimed in claim 12Is CH4The method is characterized in that the solvent containing alcoholic hydroxyl group in the step (1) is one of diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol.
3. The method for electrocatalytic reduction of CO by using the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst as claimed in claim 12Is CH4The method is characterized in that the dosage of the solvent in the step (1) is 10-30 mL.
4. The method for electrocatalytic reduction of CO by using the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst as claimed in claim 12Is CH4Characterized in that the heating to the maximum temperature points in step (2) are 230, 250, 280, 300 ℃ respectively.
5. The method for electrocatalytic reduction of CO by using the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst as claimed in claim 12Is CH4Characterized in that the molar concentration of PVP-K30 in step (3) is 0.5, 1 or 1.5 mol/L respectively.
6. The method for electrocatalytic reduction of CO by using the nano Cu-Yb alloy catalyst as claimed in claim 12Is CH4Characterized in that the reaction time in step (4) is 5, 10, 15 or 20 min, respectively.
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CN110560075B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Nano Cu-Eu alloy catalyst with core-shell structure and preparation method and application thereof |
CN110560076B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method and application of nano Cu-Bi alloy catalyst |
CN111229253A (en) * | 2020-03-14 | 2020-06-05 | 北京工业大学 | Electro-catalytic reduction of CO2Preparation method of nano Cu-Au alloy catalyst as energy source |
CN112517020B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-11-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation method and application of nano Cu-Ce alloy catalyst |
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