CN110152591B - Preparation method of urban river polluted sediment active covering plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of urban river polluted sediment active covering plate Download PDFInfo
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3007—Moulding, shaping or extruding
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3042—Use of binding agents; addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the produced sorbent
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/18—PO4-P
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an urban river polluted sediment active covering plate, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting sludge of a water purification plant to prepare sludge cake, calcining the sludge cake at the temperature of 380-450 ℃ for 3.5-4.5h to prepare sludge block; (2) mechanically crushing the sludge block, mechanically vibrating and screening to prepare calcined modified sludge particles with the particle size of 1-5 mm; (3) adding 17-18 parts of calcined modified sludge particles, 4-6 parts of cement and 5-8 parts of fly ash according to the proportion, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.26-0.29, uniformly mixing the materials in a mixer, and standing to fully mix the aggregate and the binder; (4) adding the stirred base material into a die frame for pressing, wherein the pressing time is 60-80 s, and the pressing pressure is 0.75-0.8 MPa; (5) demolding 12-16 hours after the pressing and forming to obtain a covering plate; (6) and (3) standing the finished product of the covering plate for 12-16 days at 20-25 ℃ in the natural open air condition, and then performing engineering application. The covering plate manufactured by the method has the advantages of good water permeability, high water retention, scouring resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge recycling treatment, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an active covering plate for bottom sludge of urban river pollution.
Background
Along with the development of the society and the chemical industry of China, the ecological environment of the water body of the urban river is great, and particularly, the problem of eutrophication of the water body of the river is particularly prominent. The main limiting factors of water eutrophication are nitrogen and phosphorus, and nitrogen and phosphorus in the river water are continuously accumulated, so that the water eutrophication is increasingly serious. As the government increases the investment of manpower and material resources in the treatment of water environment, certain effect is achieved in the aspects of pollutant interception, limited discharge and the like, and exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus are controlled. The endogenous source (bottom sediment) is used as a source for converging nitrogen and phosphorus, and the nitrogen and phosphorus released by the bottom sediment become main sources of the nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body. Therefore, on the premise that the exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus are effectively controlled, the control of the release of the nitrogen and phosphorus of the sediment in the water body is one of effective measures for controlling the eutrophication of the water body.
At present, the main measures for controlling the release of nitrogen and phosphorus in bottom sediment comprise dredging and covering. The covering method has the advantages of small disturbance to the sediment, low construction cost, small potential harm to the environment, no change of water body property, suitability for various inorganic and organic sediments and the like, so that the method is concerned by various scholars, is rapidly developed particularly in the United states, Europe and Japan, and is widely applied to practical engineering. However, when the urban river course floods and drains off flood, the river water flow speed is high, the scouring strength is high, the covering material is suspended and lost, and the traditional covering layer becomes thin and gradually fails.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an urban river polluted sediment active covering plate, which overcomes the defects of the prior art in the background art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a preparation method of an active covering plate for urban river polluted bottom mud comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting sludge of a water purification plant to prepare sludge cake, calcining the sludge cake at the temperature of 380-450 ℃ for 3.5-4.5h to prepare sludge block;
(2) mechanically crushing the sludge block, mechanically vibrating and screening to prepare calcined modified sludge particles with the particle size of 1-5 mm;
(3) adding 17-18 parts of calcined modified sludge particles, 4-6 parts of cement and 5-8 parts of fly ash according to the proportion of 0.26-0.29 of water-cement ratio into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, and standing to fully mix aggregate and binder;
(4) adding the stirred base material into a die frame for pressing, wherein the pressing time is 60-80 s, and the pressing pressure is 0.75-0.8 MPa;
(5) demolding 12-16 hours after the pressing and forming to obtain a covering plate;
(6) and (3) standing the finished product of the covering plate for 12-16 days at 20-25 ℃ in the natural open air condition, and then performing engineering application.
In one embodiment: in the step (1), the sludge cake is calcined at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 3 hours to prepare a sludge block.
In one embodiment: and (4) in the step (3), stirring in a stirrer for 2-3 min and uniformly mixing.
In one embodiment: and (3) standing for 5min to fully mix the aggregate and the binder.
In one embodiment: in the step (6), the engineering application can be carried out after the mixture is kept stand for 14 days.
Compared with the background technology, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
1. the preparation method of the active covering plate for the urban river polluted sediment has the advantages of good water permeability, high water retention, scouring resistance and the like.
2. The bottom sediment is covered on the polluted bottom sediment, so that the release of nitrogen and phosphorus of the bottom sediment is effectively controlled, the nitrogen and phosphorus in the overlying water body can be reduced, the eutrophication of the water body can be effectively controlled, and the nitrogen and phosphorus are not released to the water body.
3. The problem of traditional covering material suspension, loss caused by rivers velocity of flow great, scour intensity is big when river course floods and drains off waterlogging is solved.
4. According to the river channel site condition, the active covering plate can be made into a square shape, a rectangular shape and the like, the site construction procedure is simple, and the covering is uniform.
5. The method has simple process and low cost.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1-FIG. 2 are graphs showing the experimental results of the study on the effect of sediment activated covering plates on nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in water according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1 is a graph showing NH in water under activated covering plates made of different materials 4 + Graph of the variation of N concentration, FIG. 2 shows PO in the water under the active covering plates of different materials 4 3- -P concentration profile.
FIGS. 3-4 are graphs showing the results of the nitrogen and phosphorus release control effect studies of the sediment plate of the embodiment 3 of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3 is a graph showing NH in water coated on the sediment plate covering system with different materials 4 + FIG. 4 is a graph of PO in water applied to a cover plate covering system with different active materials 4 3- -graph of P concentration change.
Detailed Description
Example 1 Experimental study on permeability coefficient, water retention and erosion loss ratio of sediment active covering plate
(1) Carrying out the process
In this example, the variation ranges of the permeability coefficient, water retention property, and erosion loss ratio of the sediment activity covering plates manufactured by different mass ratios of calcined modified sludge particles, cement, and fly ash were studied.
In the embodiment, the mass ratio of 16 calcined modified sludge particles to cement to fly ash is totally taken, the calcined modified sludge particles are all 180g, the mass of the cement and the mass of the fly ash are properly changed, the mass of the cement is changed into 4 groups, and the groups are numbered 1-4 #; 1 #: 40g of cement, 50g of fly ash, 60g of fly ash, 70g of fly ash and 80g of fly ash; 2 #: 50g of cement, 50g of fly ash, 60g of cement, 70g of fly ash and 80g of fly ash; 3 #: 60g of cement, 50g of fly ash, 60g of cement, 70g of fly ash and 80g of fly ash; 4 #: 70g of cement, 50g of fly ash, 60g of fly ash, 70g of fly ash and 80g of fly ash; wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.26-0.29 according to the situation.
In the embodiment, the operation mode and the calculation method of the water permeability coefficient test are implemented according to corresponding contents in an annex C water permeability coefficient test method of a water permeable pavement brick and a water permeable pavement slab in the national standard of the people's republic of China (GB/T25993-2010). Wherein, the test device of the water permeability coefficient is self-made according to corresponding specifications.
In this embodiment, the operation mode and the calculation method of the water retention test are specifically as follows:
1) mode of operation
Firstly, measuring the side length of the covering plate by using a measuring tool, measuring each side once, and taking the average value of the opposite sides to be accurate to 0.1 cm. Calculating the upper surface area (A) of the covering plate;
secondly, placing the covering plate in an oven with the temperature of 100 +/-5 ℃ for drying, taking out the covering plate every 24 hours, and weighing the covering plate once until the difference between two times of continuous weighing is less than 0.1 percent, and considering the weight of the dried covering plate (M1);
thirdly, vertically placing the covering plate into a water tank after cooling the covering plate to room temperature, injecting distilled water with the temperature of 20 +/-10 ℃, and immersing the covering plate to enable the water surface to be about 20cm higher than the covering plate;
soaking in water for 24h, taking out the upper surface of the covering plate from the water upwards, wiping off the attached water on the surface by using a wrung wet towel, and immediately weighing the covering plate to obtain the mass of the covering plate absorbing water for 24h (M2).
2) Calculation method
The water retention is calculated by the formula: b ═ M2-M1)/A
Wherein B is water retention in grams per square centimeter (g/cm) 2 ) (ii) a A is the upper surface area of the test piece in square centimeters (cm) 2 ) (ii) a M1 is the mass in grams (g) of the dried superstrate sheet; m2 is the mass in grams (g) covering the sheet to absorb water for 24 h.
In the embodiment, the scouring loss ratio test mode is that a covering plate which is saturated by water is placed into an organic glass scouring water tank with the water flow velocity of 0.33cm/s to be scoured for 96 hours, and then the mass loss rate is calculated according to the comparison between the mass difference before and after scouring and the original mass, namely the scouring loss ratio. The length, width and height of the organic glass water tank are 60cm, 30cm and 20cm, the height of the water surface is 15cm, and a submersible pump is adopted to enable the water body to flow circularly.
(2) Results of the implementation
According to the calculation, the water permeability coefficient of the covering plate at standard temperature (15 ℃): the 1# is 0.057, 0.047, 0.040 and 0.031cm/s respectively; the 2# s are respectively 0.033, 0.038, 0.030 and 0.019 cm/s; 3# is 0.017, 0.014, 0.013 and 0.010cm/s respectively; 4# is 0.005, 0.003, 0.001 respectively; namely, the water permeability coefficient range is 0.010-0.057 cm/s at the standard temperature (15 ℃).
According to calculation, water retention of the overlay: 1# is 0.61, 0.71, 0.83, 0.89g/cm respectively 2 (ii) a 2# is 0.69, 0.71, 0.72g/cm respectively 2 (ii) a 3# is respectively 0.55, 0.57, 0.58 and 0.65g/cm 2 (ii) a 4# is 0.49, 0.50, 0.53g/cm respectively 2 (ii) a Namely, the water retention can be within the range of 0.55-0.89 g/cm 2 。
According to the calculation, after continuous flushing for 96h at a flow rate of 0.33cm/s, the cover plate flush loss ratio is: 1# is respectively 1.90%, 1.50%, 1.44% and 0.92%; 2# is 1.26%, 0.97%, 0.73% and 0.75% respectively; 3# is 1.04%, 0.79%, 0.88%, 0.92% respectively; 4# is 1.00%, 0.97%, 0.94% and 1.18% respectively; namely, the range of the scouring loss ratio can be 0.73 to 1.90 percent.
Example 2 investigation of effect of sediment activated coverplate on nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in water
(1) Test protocol
The test was carried out in a 16cm x 16cm transparent square plexiglass jar; the test water is self-prepared water, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the prepared water is 48.06mg/L, and the orthophosphate concentration is 4.98 mg/L.
The cover plates used in the tests were respectively: firstly, calcined modified sludge particles, cement and fly ash are used as raw materials to prepare the calcined modified sludge, wherein 180g of calcined modified sludge particles, 50g of cement and 70g of fly ash are called calcined modified sludge group; the modified calcined sludge is prepared from 150g of calcined modified sludge particles, 70g of zeolite, 50g of cement and 70g of fly ash, wherein the calcined modified sludge particles are called calcined modified sludge and zeolite group.
In the test, 9 organic glass cylinders are divided into 3 groups, 3 organic glass cylinders in each group are parallel and are numbered as 1-3 #, wherein the 1# is a control group, and no active covering plate is placed; the No. 2 is a calcined modified sludge group, and a covering plate made of calcined modified sludge particles, cement and fly ash is placed; the No. 3 is a calcined modified sludge and zeolite group, and a covering plate made of calcined modified sludge particles, zeolite, cement and fly ash is placed; each plexiglass jar had 2.0L of water dispensed.
The test was started on 2019, 3, 15 and ended on month 4, 10 for 26 d; the plexiglass jar was open (no control of the DO concentration in water), placed indoors, and the test was run at room temperature; periodically measuring the water temperature, DO and pH at the water depth of 5cm in each group; and (3) taking a water sample regularly, respectively measuring ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate in the water sample, and supplementing the water sample to an original scale mark by using tap water after each water sample is taken.
Researching the effect of a bottom mud active covering plate prepared by calcining modified sludge particles, cement and fly ash as raw materials on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in water; and then properly reducing a certain amount of calcined modified sludge particles and adding a certain amount of zeolite to obtain a calcined modified sludge + zeolite group, and selecting the best raw materials and proportion compared with the effect of only calcining modified sludge group on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in water.
(2) Test results and analysis
In the test process of 26d, the water temperature of each group is 19.6-27.4 ℃, the DO is 7.37-12.10, the pH is 6.74-9.76, and the ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate concentration of each group of water are respectively shown in figure 1 and figure 2.
As can be seen from fig. 1, compared with the control, the average reduction rate of ammonia nitrogen in the water body by using the covering plate made of the calcined modified sludge particles as the main raw material is 73.57%, which indicates that the ammonia nitrogen in the water body can be effectively reduced by using the covering plate made of the calcined modified sludge particles as the main raw material; the average reduction rate of the covering plate made by using the calcined modified sludge particles and the zeolite as main raw materials to ammonia nitrogen in water is 72.06%, which shows that the calcined modified sludge particles and the zeolite covering plate have better reduction effect on the ammonia nitrogen in water. The reason for analyzing the poor effect of the water treatment plant sludge and zeolite group (i.e. calcined modified sludge particle and zeolite covering plate group) is that the surface of the zeolite is wrapped by cement and fly ash, the pores are blocked, and the adsorption capacity is obviously reduced, so that the adsorption capacity of 70g of zeolite to ammonia nitrogen is not as good as that of 30g of calcined modified sludge particle. The analysis of variance shows that the ammonia nitrogen reduction effect of the calcined modified sludge group, the calcined modified sludge + zeolite group and the control group is obviously different (P is less than 0.05).
As can be seen from fig. 2, compared with the control, the average reduction rate of orthophosphate in the water body is 82.81% for the covering plate made of the calcined modified sludge particles as the main raw material, which indicates that the covering plate made of the calcined modified sludge particles as the main raw material can effectively reduce the orthophosphate in the water body; the average reduction rate of the covering plate made of the calcined modified sludge and the zeolite serving as main raw materials to the orthophosphate in the water body is 80.60%, which shows that the calcined modified sludge and the zeolite covering plate can also have a better reduction effect on the orthophosphate in the water. Analysis of variance shows that the orthophosphate reduction effect of the water treatment plant sludge group (calcined modified sludge group), the water treatment plant sludge + zeolite group (calcined modified sludge + zeolite group) and the control group is obviously different (P is less than 0.05).
In summary, it is known that the substrate sludge activity covering plate manufactured by using the calcined modified sludge particles, the cement and the fly ash as main raw materials can effectively reduce nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, and the nitrogen and phosphorus reduction effect in the water is not obviously improved by adding the zeolite, so the calcined modified sludge particles, the cement and the fly ash are selected as the raw materials for manufacturing the substrate sludge activity covering plate.
Example 3 investigation of the Effect of the active cladding sheet on controlling the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediment
(1) Test protocol
The test was performed in a transparent square plexiglas jar of 16cm x 16 cm; about 1.15kg of bottom mud in each organic glass jar, and about 5cm of thickness, wherein the bottom mud is obtained from surface mud of Egret lake in school district of mansion gate of Chinese university; covering the bottom mud with a plate with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by 15cm and the thickness of about 0.5 cm; the overlying water is tap water; by using the siphon principle, tap water is slowly added into the cylinder along the wall of the cylinder through a plastic hose, and the volume of the overlying water is about 2L.
The active coverplates used in the experiments were: firstly, calcined modified sludge particles, cement and fly ash are used as raw materials to prepare the modified sludge, wherein the calcined modified sludge particles are 180g, the cement is 50g, and the fly ash is 70g, and the modified sludge is called a calcined modified sludge group; ② the sand-cement aggregate is prepared by taking sand, cement and fly ash as raw materials, wherein the dosage is 180g of sand, 50g of cement and 70g of fly ash, and is called sand aggregate.
In the test, 9 organic glass cylinders are divided into 3 groups, each group has 3 parallel plates, and the number of each group is 1-3 #, wherein 1# is a control group, and no covering plate is arranged on bottom mud; the No. 2 is a calcined modified sludge group, and an active covering plate made of calcined modified sludge particles, cement and fly ash is covered on the bottom sludge; and the No. 3 is a sand group, and an inert covering plate made of sand, cement and fly ash is covered on the bottom mud.
The test was started at 2019, 3, 15, and ended at No. 4, 10, history 26 d; the plexiglass jar was open (no control of the DO concentration with water), placed indoors, and the test was performed at room temperature; periodically measuring the water temperature, DO and pH at the water depth of 5cm in each group; and (3) periodically taking a water sample, respectively measuring ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate in the water sample, and supplementing the water sample to the original scale mark by using tap water after each water sample is taken.
The research shows that the active covering plate prepared by calcining the modified sludge particles, the cement and the fly ash as the raw materials controls the release effect of the nitrogen and the phosphorus of the sediment and has problems, and the research is compared with the effect of controlling the release effect of the nitrogen and the phosphorus by covering the sediment by the inert covering plate prepared by taking the sand, the cement and the fly ash as the raw materials.
(2) Test results and analysis
In the history 26d test process, the water temperature change range of each group is 19.8-27.9 ℃, the DO change range is 7.94-13.41, the pH change range is 7.81-9.13, and the changes of the ammonia nitrogen and orthophosphate concentration in each group of water are respectively shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 3, compared with the control, the ammonia nitrogen reduction rate of the active covering plate manufactured by using the calcined modified sludge granules as the main raw material is 42.42% -96.34%, and the average value is 81.31%, which indicates that the active covering plate manufactured by using the calcined modified sludge granules as the main raw material can effectively control the ammonia nitrogen release of the bottom sludge; the average reduction rate of the inert covering plate manufactured by taking sand as a main raw material to ammonia nitrogen is 75.10%, which shows that the sand inert covering plate can also effectively control the release of the ammonia nitrogen in the bottom sediment. Comparing the calcined modified sludge group with the sand group, the obtained covering plate controls the release of ammonia nitrogen in the bottom sludge mainly by physical covering and adsorption of active materials. Analysis of variance shows that the ammonia nitrogen reduction effect of the calcined modified sludge group, the sand group and the control group is obviously different (P is less than 0.05).
As can be seen from fig. 4, compared with the control, the reduction rate of the sludge orthophosphate covered by the covering plate made of the calcined modified sludge particles as the main raw material is 64.71% -96.51%, and the average value is 86.41%, which shows that the active covering plate made of the calcined modified sludge particles as the main raw material can effectively control the release of the sludge orthophosphate; the inert covering plate made of sand as a main raw material has a reduction rate of orthophosphate of 23.88-85.71 percent and an average value of 60.80 percent, which shows that the sand covering plate also has a certain control effect on the release of orthophosphate from bottom mud. Comparing the calcined modified soil group and the sand group, the obtained covering plate controls the release of orthophosphate of the bottom mud, mainly by physical covering and adsorption of active materials. The analysis of variance shows that the effect of reducing orthophosphate is obviously different between the sludge group and the sand group of the water treatment plant and the control group (P is less than 0.05).
In summary, it can be known that the bottom sediment covering plate manufactured by calcining the modified pollutant particles, the cement and the fly ash as main raw materials can effectively control the release of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bottom sediment.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention can still obtain the same or similar technical effects as the above embodiments when they are changed within the following ranges:
a preparation method of an active covering plate for urban river polluted bottom mud comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting sludge of a water purification plant to prepare sludge cake, calcining the sludge cake at 380-450 ℃ for 3.5-4.5h to prepare sludge block, preferably calcining the sludge cake at 400 ℃ for 3h to prepare sludge block;
(2) mechanically crushing the sludge block, mechanically vibrating and screening to prepare calcined modified sludge particles with the particle size of 1-5 mm;
(3) adding 17-18 parts of calcined modified sludge particles, cement and fly ash, 4-6 parts of cement and 5-8 parts of fly ash according to the proportion, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.26-0.29, adding a stirrer, uniformly mixing, stirring for 2-3 min, and standing for 5min to fully mix aggregate and a binder;
(4) adding the stirred base material into a die frame for pressing, wherein the pressing time is 60-80 s, and the pressing pressure is 0.75-0.8 MPa;
(5) demolding 12-16 hours after the pressing and forming to obtain a covering plate;
(6) and (3) standing the finished covering plate product for 12-16 days (preferably, 14 days) under the natural open air condition at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, and then performing engineering application.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The application of the urban river polluted bottom mud active covering plate in the urban river polluted bottom mud is characterized in that: the preparation method of the covering plate comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting sludge of a water treatment plant to prepare sludge cake, calcining the sludge cake at the temperature of 380-450 ℃ for 3.5-4.5h to prepare sludge block;
(2) mechanically crushing the sludge block, mechanically vibrating and screening to prepare calcined modified sludge particles with the particle size of 1-5 mm;
(3) adding 17-18 parts of calcined modified sludge particles, 4-6 parts of cement and 5-8 parts of fly ash according to the proportion, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.26-0.29, uniformly mixing the materials in a mixer, and standing to fully mix the aggregate and the binder;
(4) adding the stirred base material into a die frame for pressing, wherein the pressing time is 60-80 s, and the pressing pressure is 0.75-0.8 MPa;
(5) demolding 12-16 hours after the pressing and forming to obtain a covering plate;
(6) the finished product of the covering plate can be applied to engineering after standing for 12-16 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ under the natural open air condition;
the covering plate finished product after standing in the step (6) is covered on the urban river polluted bottom mud to control the release of nitrogen and phosphorus in the urban river polluted bottom mud.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) in the step (3), stirring in a stirrer for 2-3 min and uniformly mixing.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) in the step (3), standing for 5min to fully mix the aggregate and the binder.
4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (5) in the step (6), standing for 14 days to obtain the engineering application.
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| CN113368819B (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2024-04-12 | 河海大学 | Sheet slow-sedimentation adsorption in-situ covering material for floating mud and preparation method thereof |
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