CN110149488A - Aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit, CCD driving circuit and driving method - Google Patents
Aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit, CCD driving circuit and driving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110149488A CN110149488A CN201910342442.7A CN201910342442A CN110149488A CN 110149488 A CN110149488 A CN 110149488A CN 201910342442 A CN201910342442 A CN 201910342442A CN 110149488 A CN110149488 A CN 110149488A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/75—Circuitry for providing, modifying or processing image signals from the pixel array
Abstract
Suitable displays technical field of the present invention provides a kind of aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit, comprising: main timing sequencer, for driver' s timing needed for generating CCD；Friction speed picture moves sequence controller, the driver' s timing for forwarding the main timing sequencer to generate, and image shift compensation driver' s timing is generated during friction speed image shift compensation；Driving circuit, the driver' s timing for moving sequence controller output to friction speed picture is amplified and is translated, to drive the CCD.By increasing main timing sequencer in aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit, main timing sequencer unifiedly calculates various compensating parameters when friction speed image shift compensation, temporal consistency when friction speed image shift compensation has been effectively ensured, and preferably improves the effect of friction speed image shift compensation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aerial image processing technology fields more particularly to a kind of aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit, CCD to drive
Dynamic circuit and driving method.
Background technique
During scouting, reconnaissance plane is the monitoring of evading radar, often needs to do high speed low latitude (the high ratio of high speed) flight, this
When aerial imagery inevitably motion-blurred.The formation of motion-blurred and the flight attitude of carrier aircraft are closely related, and carry
The difference of the parameters such as flying speed, height, rolling angle, yaw angle, the pitch angle of machine can generate different pictures and move shape
State.Wherein when carrier aircraft leans to one side to fly or camera lens is imaged to side pitching, the aerial camera in carrier aircraft can be in a kind of oblique
Depending on working condition.At this moment the picture that different location has friction speed in imaging target surface, which moves, to be generated, and complicated motion blur figure is generated
Picture.
The imaging of the moving object of short distance is difficult to realize using traditional film imaging method.The phase of object in exposure
Image can be made fuzzy movement or absolute movement, solve the problems, such as that such more classical method is time for exposure control technology.If
Illumination condition allows the very short time for exposure, then image can be made to fix at certain a moment by the speed for increasing shutter.But
It is that space-born reconnaissance camera not can control illumination condition, therefore, is badly in need of the looser scouting imaging system of a kind of pair of image-forming condition requirement
System.This needs a kind of technology for separately considering spectrum assignment and image shift compensation.
The scheme that benefit solves forward motion compensation with machinery method is mainly an attempt to eliminate due to caused by propulsion
Litura in image, or it is reduced to acceptable level.There are three types of implementation methods for this scheme: transformation film becomes
Camera lens, rotating mirror are changed, these three methods are widely applied to and detect including film camera and photoelectricity linescan cameras etc. are various
It examines in camera.For example, transformation lens technology is successfully applied in KS-116, KA-95 short focus and middle parfocal panoramic scanning
10 years history has been had more than in camera.Although in the film camera imaging of these forward motion compensation scheme very good solutions
Such technical problem, and be still widely adopted so far, still, when this scheme is applied in electro-optical system all have one altogether
Same disadvantage: i.e. they are all needed using mechanical device.This certainly will just increase the complexity, weight and cost of imaging system.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit, CCD driving circuit and driving method, purports
Solve in the prior art it is simple, be realized with a low cost the technical issues of aviation friction speed image shift compensation.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuits characterized by comprising
Main timing sequencer, for driver' s timing needed for generating CCD；
Friction speed picture moves sequence controller, the driver' s timing for forwarding the main timing sequencer to generate, Yi Ji
Image shift compensation driver' s timing is generated during friction speed image shift compensation；
Driving circuit, the driver' s timing for moving sequence controller output to friction speed picture is amplified and is translated, with driving
The CCD.
Preferably, the driving circuit includes horizontal drive circuit and vertical drive circuit；The horizontal drive circuit is used
Merge in horizontal transfer timing, output amplifier reset pulse and the horizontal pixel for moving sequence controller output to the friction speed picture
Gate driving clock is amplified and is translated, to drive the CCD；When the vertical drive circuit is used to move the friction speed picture
The vertical timing of sequence controller output carries out signal amplification, to drive the CCD.
Preferably, horizontal transfer timing is enlarged into the drive level for meeting CCD job requirement by the horizontal drive circuit.
Preferably, vertical transfer timing is enlarged into enough voltage and current driving capabilities by the vertical drive circuit
Drive level signal, and main DC bias voltage needed for generating CCD.
Second aspect, the present invention provides a kind of CCD driving circuits, move including aviation friction speed picture as described in relation to the first aspect
Compensation circuit further includes CCD, aviation control bus, system controller, signal processing circuit；The aviation control bus, system
Controller, aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit, signal processing circuit successively communication connection.
Preferably, the aviation control bus provides the height and velocity information of flight for sending control signal.
Preferably, the analog signal that the signal processing circuit exports the CCD carries out correlated-double-sampling, controllable gain
Amplification, the compensation of black level clamp and analog-to-digital conversion.
The third aspect, the present invention provides a kind of CCD driving methods characterized by comprising
To image motion velocity before being calculated according to the speed of given lens focus fl, angle of depression δ, field angle θ and aircraft is high than V/H；
The column pixel of CCD is divided into several blocks according to the forward direction image motion velocity, each piece is moved with corresponding charge
Dynamic rate is corresponding；
Main timing sequencer in aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit generates horizontal transfer according to the charge rate travel
The vertical transfer timing as needed for generating vertical transfer timing, and generation friction speed picture shifting when moving is not occurring for timing, and by different
Speed drives the CCD as moving sequence controller control driving circuit；
The CCD receives the signal of image shift compensation circuit, changes electric charge transfer according to the signal of the image shift compensation circuit
Speed；
Signal processing circuit carries out correlated-double-sampling, controllable gain amplification, black level to the analog signal that the CCD is exported
Clamp compensation and analog-to-digital conversion generate data image signal output.
In aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit shown in the present invention, by when aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit increases main
Sequence generator, main timing sequencer unifiedly calculate various compensating parameters when friction speed image shift compensation, and friction speed picture has been effectively ensured and has moved benefit
Temporal consistency when repaying preferably improves the effect of friction speed image shift compensation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit of the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 2 is the CCD driving circuit shown in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 3 is that friction speed picture shown according to an exemplary embodiment moves production principle schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that focal image shown according to an exemplary embodiment moves to form schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is friction speed image shift compensation time sequence driving circuit module division figure shown according to an exemplary embodiment.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Specific implementation of the invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment one:
As shown in Fig. 1, aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit provided in this embodiment includes: main timing sequencer, friction speed
As moving sequence controller and driving circuit.
Main timing sequencer is for driver' s timing needed for generating CCD；It is described for forwarding that friction speed picture moves sequence controller
The driver' s timing that main timing sequencer generates, and image shift compensation driver' s timing is generated during friction speed image shift compensation；It drives
The driver' s timing that dynamic circuit is used to move friction speed picture sequence controller output is amplified and is translated, to drive the CCD.
By increasing main timing sequencer in aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit, main timing sequencer unifiedly calculates friction speed picture
Various compensating parameters when compensation are moved, temporal consistency when friction speed image shift compensation has been effectively ensured, friction speed picture is preferably improved and moves
The effect of compensation.
Specifically, driving circuit includes horizontal drive circuit and vertical drive circuit.
The horizontal drive circuit is used to move the horizontal transfer timing of sequence controller output to the friction speed picture, output is put
Big device reset pulse and horizontal pixel merge gate driving clock and amplify and translate, to drive the CCD；The vertical drive
The vertical timing that dynamic circuit is used to move the friction speed picture sequence controller output carries out signal amplification, to drive the CCD.
Horizontal transfer timing is enlarged into the drive level for meeting CCD job requirement by the horizontal drive circuit.
Vertical transfer timing is enlarged into the driving with enough voltage and current driving capabilities by the vertical drive circuit
Level signal, and main DC bias voltage needed for generating CCD.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Fig. 2, CCD driving circuit provided in this embodiment include: state aviation control bus, system controller,
Aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit and signal processing circuit.
The aviation control bus, system controller, aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit and signal processing circuit are successively led to
News connection.
Wherein, aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit includes main timing sequencer, friction speed picture moves sequence controller and driving is electric
Road.
Producing cause, friction speed image shift compensation principle and CCD driving circuit provided in this embodiment will be moved to friction speed picture below
It is illustrated.
1, friction speed picture, which moves, generates analysis
When area array CCD camera inclination photograph, when due to craft inclination, in single width ground region, near point target is in image planes
On forward direction image motion velocity compared with the forward direction image motion velocity of far point, direction is identical, differs in size.This is equal by this direction,
The forward direction image motion velocity to differ in size is defined as the shifting of friction speed picture.The camera angle of depression and viewing field of camera angle are that friction speed picture moves the main of generation
Reason, in addition, carriage angle, is moved as aircraft roll angle can also generate friction speed picture.Producing reason will be moved to friction speed picture below,
The size and Orientation that friction speed picture moves is furtherd investigate.
As shown in figure 3, focal plane is not constant as moving rate on aircraft flight direction in entire array.It is
It is determined by inclined range and oblique distance R (i.e. distance of the camera lens to ground scenery corresponding points).Range is bigger, and focal plane picture moves
Rate is smaller.Specifically, on vertical flight direction, the picture of certain point is moved before rate as moving VP2Are as follows:
Wherein, ε is the half of field angle, and δ is the angle of depression of camera, and f is lens focus；V is aircraft flight speed；R is oblique
Away from that is, camera lens is at a distance from the point of focal plane corresponding ground.By Fig. 1, focal plane arrays (FPA) FPA is geometrically can be further
It does described below:
Here, for any one given θ, y be the captured ground region on perpendicular to heading certain point away from
The distance of center line.It is as follows:
Wherein, δ is the angle between the angle of depression, i.e. field of view center and horizontal line；H is the height of aircraft.Therefore:
Directly the influence as shifting for picture quality in focal plane direction can be passed by calculating focal plane arrays (FPA) as transposition system
Delivery function MTF is obtained.It is high for the speed of given lens focus f, angle of depression δ, field angle ε and aircraft than V/H by (4) formula, it is hanging down
Directly in the speed v on the direction of focal plane, at image point yyIt may be expressed as:
It is asynchronous as fast only related with the lateral visual angle of camera and inclination angle known to being computed and analyzing, it is regarded with the longitudinal direction of aircraft
The unrelated in angle
When the high ratio of the speed of aircraft reduces, image motion velocity can also reduce accordingly, at this point, no matter using the mirror of much focal lengths
Head keeps the resolution ratio of ground image, all of no avail.The distance L that certain point picture moves on heading is parallel on focal plane,
It is related with aircraft flight speed v and total time t.Total time t is that the summation of focal plane arrays (FPA) time for exposure (is that shutter is opened
Time).According to modulation transfer function, the fog-level M of image is the function of L:
The influence moved perpendicular to the picture in focal plane direction for picture quality can be by calculating focal plane arrays (FPA) as transposition system
Transmission function MTF is obtained.It is high for the speed of given lens focus fl, angle of depression δ, field angle θ and aircraft than V/H by (4) formula,
Speed v on perpendicular to focal plane direction, at image point yyIt may be expressed as:
Staged image shift compensation method is for the inconsistent carry out partition compensation of forward direction image motion velocity on area array CCD photosurface
Image shift compensation method, principle is that the several columns pixel of area array CCD is divided into two or two according to accuracy of image motion compensation requirement
A above composite column, these composite columns by it is independent, brought according to the Discrete Pulse that image motion velocity changing rule changes and synchronize electricity
Lotus transfer velocity and image motion velocity, the unified electric charge transfer rate of each column inside each composite column.
2, friction speed image shift compensation
To the compensation as moving variation, realized using a kind of forward motion compensation technology of classification.Such as Fig. 4 focal plane arrays (FPA)
Some adjacent column constitute one " blocks ", therefore, focal plane arrays (FPA) is just made of many " blocks ".Exposure when, charge along
Image motion direction is moved to adjacent one other pixel from a pixel.In a lateral direction (on the direction for such as crossing " block "), charge
Movement speed is different.Therefore, by synchronizing the size of movement speed and control the charge image motion velocity on array of charge,
It just can be before realization step by step to image shift compensation, without employing any component.In the ideal case, each column of pixel are all
There should be its respective longitudinal charge rate travel.But from actual angle, focal plane arrays (FPA) is divided into a series of
" block ", each piece of charge rate travel are the average value of each column rate in the block.
For the focal plane arrays (FPA) of larger pixel, the applicable cases of the above method are as shown in Figure 4.Pixel Information in array
It is subdivided into many " blocks ", according to the image motion velocity at each piece of center, each block has its respective charge rate travel.
In figure, these charge rate travels are represented with arrow, arrow length is longer, and expression rate is bigger.Distance arrays edge NADIR is got over
The charge rate travel of close " block " is bigger, and the charge rate travel of " block " closer apart from horizontal line is smaller, in array transverse direction
Charge rate travel is to be monotonically changed on direction.When exposure, when the shutter is opened, the charge comprising scene information is collected
In pixel in array, then charge is moved to from a pixel according to the charge rate travel of each " block " adjacent another
In a pixel.Work as shutter close, i.e., after end exposure, the charge of these accumulations comprising image information is sequentially read from array
Register is arrived out, reads a line every time.Information is admitted to signal processor by register again, for user's assessment.Work as signal
After reading, array can be exposed next time.
5 formulas are unfolded, and combine Fig. 3, the image motion velocity in focal plane arrays (FPA) relative to its edge any point y are as follows:
Wherein, using 2 formulas, θ changes with the difference of y location；Φ is a jump function, is defined as: Φ (y >=0)=
1, Φ (y≤0)=0.
Given below, any one picture point is moved at the arbitrary point y of any image shift compensation region k, distance L:
Wherein, Y is the width of focal plane, and k is the number in the region FMC, with which region in the numerical value determining function of integer i
Central point go to subtract y value.If the value of L (y, k) is it is known that the modulation transfer function of so corresponding array can be by 6 formula meters
It obtains.Since image shift compensation carries out step by step, focal plane arrays (FPA) is also divided into region one by one, this method mentions
High modulation transfer function, as shown in Figure 5.As seen from the figure, battle array can significantly be improved by array being divided into two parts
Modulation transfer function at column border NADIR can be increased to 95% by 0.When array is divided into 8 parts, can incite somebody to action
MTF is increased to 99.5% or more.
3.CCD driving circuit
Such as Fig. 2, the height and velocity information of flight are provided to system controller by aviation control bus.System controller
The information received is stored first, then determines task parameters according to these information, comprising: lens focus, operating mode, array are big
Small, number, pixel size for longitudinally being organized in array etc..Level needed for aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit is used to generate CCD is driven
Other timing needed for dynamic timing, perpendicular drive timing and CCD.
Horizontal drive circuit, horizontal transfer timing, the output amplifier for moving sequence controller output to friction speed picture are multiple
Digit pulse and horizontal pixel merge gate driving clock and amplify and translate, to drive CCD；Vertical drive circuit, for pair
The vertical clock signal that friction speed picture moves timing sequencer output amplifies, to drive CCD.
Signal after CCD generation is transferred to storage and data transmission device after handling by signal processing circuit.
Specifically, main timing generator circuit be used to generate CCD needed for horizontal drive timing, perpendicular drive timing and
Other timing needed for CCD.Friction speed picture moves sequence controller and is responsible for the CCD driver' s timing for forwarding main timing to generate and in friction speed
Image shift compensation driver' s timing during image shift compensation.Vertical transfer timing is enlarged into enough voltage and electricity by vertical drive circuit
The drive level signal of driving capability is flowed, and main DC bias voltage level driving circuit horizontal drive needed for generating CCD
Horizontal transfer timing is enlarged into the drive level for meeting CCD job requirement by device.Signal processing circuit front end signal processor will
The analog signal of CCD output carries out correlated-double-sampling, controllable gain amplification, the compensation of black level clamp and analog-to-digital conversion.Store number
According to and the transmitting device data image signal that generates number converter export from camera, and provide connecing of being communicated with host computer
Mouthful.
The image shift compensation time sequence driving circuit can be divided into lower module: as Fig. 5 bus interface module receives system control
The image shift compensation time interval information that device processed transmits；Image shift compensation timing and control module: according to time interval during exposure
Information generates commutator pulse, and when generating main according to working condition about generator trigger signal and timing switching signal；Vertically
Transfer timing generation module: friction speed image shift compensation driver' s timing is generated according to commutator pulse；Vertical transfer timing selection and distribution
Module gates the signal that vertical transfer timing generates during exposure, main timing generation is gated in charge output and then during the free time
Signal, and control the phase relation on every road in the assignment procedure；Horizontal transfer timing distribution module: signal buffer forwards mould
Block: forward main timing that other clock signals that module generates occur.
Embodiment three:
Embodiment three shows a kind of CCD driving method characterized by comprising
To image motion velocity before being calculated according to the speed of given lens focus fl, angle of depression δ, field angle θ and aircraft is high than V/H；
The column pixel of CCD is divided into several blocks according to the forward direction image motion velocity, each piece is moved with corresponding charge
Dynamic rate is corresponding；
Main timing sequencer in aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit generates horizontal transfer according to the charge rate travel
The vertical transfer timing as needed for generating vertical transfer timing, and generation friction speed picture shifting when moving is not occurring for timing, and by different
Speed drives the CCD as moving sequence controller control driving circuit；
The CCD receives the signal of image shift compensation circuit, changes electric charge transfer according to the signal of the image shift compensation circuit
Speed；
Signal processing circuit carries out correlated-double-sampling, controllable gain amplification, black level to the analog signal that the CCD is exported
Clamp compensation and analog-to-digital conversion generate data image signal output.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit characterized by comprising
Main timing sequencer, for driver' s timing needed for generating CCD；
Friction speed picture moves sequence controller, the driver' s timing for forwarding the main timing sequencer to generate, and in friction speed
Image shift compensation driver' s timing is generated during image shift compensation；
Driving circuit, the driver' s timing for moving sequence controller output to friction speed picture is amplified and is translated, described in driving
CCD。
2. aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the driving circuit includes horizontal drives
Dynamic circuit and vertical drive circuit；
The horizontal drive circuit is used to move the friction speed picture horizontal transfer timing, the output amplifier of sequence controller output
Reset pulse and horizontal pixel merge gate driving clock and amplify and translate, to drive the CCD；
The vertical timing that the vertical drive circuit is used to move the friction speed picture sequence controller output carries out signal amplification, with
Drive the CCD.
3. aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the horizontal drive circuit will be horizontal
Transfer timing is enlarged into the drive level for meeting CCD job requirement.
4. aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the vertical drive circuit will be vertical
Transfer timing is enlarged into the drive level signal with enough voltage and current driving capabilities, and generates main straight needed for CCD
Flow bias voltage.
5. a kind of CCD driving circuit, which is characterized in that move and mend including aviation friction speed picture according to any one of claims 1-4
Circuit is repaid, further includes CCD, aviation control bus, system controller, signal processing circuit；
The aviation control bus, system controller, aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit and the signal processing circuit successively company of communicating
It connects.
6. aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the aviation control bus is for sending out
Control signal is sent, the height and velocity information of flight are provided.
7. aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the signal processing circuit will be described
The analog signal of CCD output carries out correlated-double-sampling, controllable gain amplification, the compensation of black level clamp and analog-to-digital conversion.
8. a kind of CCD driving method characterized by comprising
To image motion velocity before being calculated according to the speed of given lens focus fl, angle of depression δ, field angle θ and aircraft is high than V/H；
The column pixel of CCD is divided into several blocks according to the forward direction image motion velocity, each piece mobile fast with corresponding charge
Rate is corresponding；
Main timing sequencer in aviation friction speed image shift compensation circuit according to the charge rate travel generate horizontal transfer timing,
The vertical transfer timing as needed for generating vertical transfer timing, and generation friction speed picture shifting when moving is not occurring, and is passing through friction speed picture
It moves sequence controller control driving circuit and drives the CCD；
The CCD receives the signal of image shift compensation circuit, changes electric charge transfer speed according to the signal of the image shift compensation circuit；
Signal processing circuit carries out correlated-double-sampling, controllable gain amplification, black level clamp to the analog signal that the CCD is exported
Compensation and analog-to-digital conversion generate data image signal output.
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| CN114185365A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-03-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Aerial camera controller supporting different-speed image motion compensation function |
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| HANG REN,TAO TAO HU,YU LONG SONG,HUI SUN,BO CHAO LIU,MING HE GAO: "An Improved Electronic Image Motion Compensation(IMC) Method of Aerial Full-Frame-Type Area Array CCD Camera Based on the CCD Multiphase Structure and Hardware Implementation", 《SENSORS》 * |
| 任航: "支持像移补偿功能面阵CCD相机驱动电路系统", 《红外与激光工程》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113784063A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Aerial different-speed image motion compensation circuit, system and method |
| CN113784063B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-06-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Aerial different-speed image motion compensation circuit, system and method |
| CN114185365A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-03-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Aerial camera controller supporting different-speed image motion compensation function |
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|---|---|
| CN110149488B (en) | 2020-11-24 |
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