CN110148783A - A kind of electrolyte and its preparation method and application improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties - Google Patents
A kind of electrolyte and its preparation method and application improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties Download PDFInfo
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- CN110148783A CN110148783A CN201910260111.9A CN201910260111A CN110148783A CN 110148783 A CN110148783 A CN 110148783A CN 201910260111 A CN201910260111 A CN 201910260111A CN 110148783 A CN110148783 A CN 110148783A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electrolyte and its preparation method and application for improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties, electrolyte includes organic solvent, film for additive and solute salt, organic solvent includes cyclic carbonate solvents, film for additive includes fluoro carbonic ester, the total mol concentration of solute salt in a solvent remains 3mol/L, solute salt includes the mixture of lithium salts and ionic liquid, and the molar ratio of lithium salts and ionic liquid is=2: 1;Lithium salts is lithium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, and ionic liquid is two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imines of N- methyl-N- propylene phenylpiperidines;Include the following steps: step 1: weighing lithium salts and ionic liquid according to molar ratio for 2: 1, and be mixed as solute;Step 2: aforementioned solute is dissolved in cyclic carbonate solvents, is sufficiently stirred, is stood, is completely dissolved solute, step 3: 0.8% fluoro carbonic ester for measuring cyclic carbonate solvents volume is added thereto, and is sufficiently stirred, is stood for 24 hours to get electrolyte;The present invention is applied in graphite/lithium half-cell can form finer and close, stable SEI film in graphite electrode surface, improve the cycle performance of battery.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion more particularly to a kind of improve graphite electrode surface SEI film properties
Electrolyte and its preparation method and application.
Background technique
Graphite is the basis of lithium ion battery energetic since its intercalation potential is close to lithium metal.But due to graphite
The embedding lithium characteristic of interlayer makes it encounter many problems in application process, most important problem first is that during embedding lithium ionic insertion/deinsertion
The destruction for easily causing layer structure, influences the cycle life of battery.Especially in propene carbonate (PC) base electrolyte, PC solvent
The Li ion of change slips into graphite linings during discharge, seriously destroys the layer structure of graphite, makes the first charge discharge efficiency of battery very
Low, circulation volume very little, long-term cycle performance is very poor.So forming effective interfacial film between graphite and electrolyte to raising
Graphite electrode performance is of great significance.
Up to the present, the film for additive such as VC, FEC are added in lithium-ion battery electrolytes to be widely studied,
Due to there is the presence of component of polymer in the reduzate of VC, the solid electrolyte film of formation is finer and close, still, using excessive
VC will affect the cycle efficieny of battery and increase the self-discharge rate of battery.Later, sight had been focused on ion by researchers
On liquid, since ionic liquid is good, non-volatile with thermal stability compared with traditional organic solvent, does not burn, ionic conductance
The advantages that rate is high, many researchers improve ionic liquid at room temperature as cosolvent the various performances of electrolyte.Wherein, room temperature
Solvent molecule is coordinated to the solvation number of lithium ion in adjustable electrolyte when ionic liquid is as cosolvent, and then in graphite
Electrode surface forms effective solid electrolyte film and has been widely studied.Ionic liquid at room temperature can also from the point of view of its design feature
To probe into better membrane formation mechanism as solute salt in order to more preferably play the effect of ionic liquid, to its function as solute salt
Effect, which is studied, to be also very important.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improvement graphite electrode surface SEI films
Electrolyte of performance and its preparation method and application, the electrolyte properties are stablized, and preparation method is simple, and being applied in battery can
Finer and close, stable, thinner SEI film is formed in graphite electrode surface, is improved the capacity retention ratio of battery, is improved following for battery
Ring performance.
To achieve the goals above, a kind of electrolyte improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties provided by the invention, institute
Stating electrolyte includes organic solvent, film for additive and solute salt, and the organic solvent includes cyclic carbonate solvents, it is described at
Film additive includes fluoro carbonic ester, is characterized in that, the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 1-5mol/L, and the solute salt includes
The molar ratio of the mixture of lithium salts and ionic liquid, the lithium salts and ionic liquid is=1-5 ﹕ 1.
Preferably, the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 3mol/L;
Preferably, the molar ratio of the lithium salts and ionic liquid is=2 ﹕ 1;
Preferably, the lithium salts is lithium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, and the ionic liquid is N- methyl-N- propylene
Phenylpiperidines two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imines, wherein cationic structural:Anion structure:
Preferably, the cyclic carbonate solvents are propene carbonate;
Preferably, the fluoro carbonic ester is fluorinated ethylene carbonate and content is cyclic carbonate solvent volume
0.8%;
Preferably, a kind of preparation method for the electrolyte improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties includes the following steps:
Step 1: be according to molar ratio=1-5 ﹕ 1 weighs required lithium salts and ionic liquid, and is mixed as molten
Matter;
Step 2: this is mixed into solute and is dissolved in PC solvent, electrolyte obtained is sufficiently stirred, is stood, solute is made
It is completely dissolved;
Step 3: 0.8% fluoro carbonic ester for measuring carbonate solvent volume is added in above-mentioned mixed solution, sufficiently stirs
It mixes, stands for 24 hours to get the lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
Preferably, in the step 1, ionic liquid is first weighed, then weigh lithium salts, is eventually adding cyclic carbonate solvents;
Preferably, a kind of electrolyte improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties is applied to prepare graphite-lithium half
Battery.
A kind of electrolyte and preparation method thereof improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties provided by the invention, has such as
It is lower the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention changes ionic liquid frequently as the usage of solvent, as a part of solute salt, due to ion
The electrophilic of C=C double bond is made in competition and ionic liquid cation between two cation of cation and lithium ion of liquid
With changing solvent molecule in electrolyte and be coordinated to the solvation number of lithium ion, and then change graphite electrode surface SEI film
Membrane formation mechanism, compared with using FEC to be formed by SEI film as cosolvent and film for additive, formed SEI film compactness more
It is good, it is thinner, reduce the internal resistance of cell, improve the capacity retention ratio of battery, improves the cycle performance of battery.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be it is provided by the invention it is a kind of improve graphite electrode surface SEI film properties electrolyte and use FEC as at
The cycle performance comparison diagram of battery when film additive and cosolvent.
In figure:
1. 3mol/L LiTFSI+PP in embodiment 113* TFSI (2:1)/PC+0.8%FEC.
2. 2.5mol/L LiTFSI+PP in comparative example 113* TFSI+10%FEC.
3. 2.5mol/L LiTFSI+PP in comparative example 213* TFSI+25%.
4. in comparative example 3,2.5mol/L LiTFSI+PP13* TFSI+50%
Fig. 2 is to recycle stone after 30 circles in a kind of electrolyte for improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties provided by the invention
The TEM on electrode ink surface schemes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with attached drawing combined with specific embodiments below, to help the contents of the present invention are understood.
The invention discloses one kind can improve the solid formed in lithium ion battery cyclic process in graphite electrode surface
The electrolyte of dielectric film (SEI) performance, electrolyte includes organic solvent, film for additive and solute salt, and organic solvent includes
Cyclic carbonate solvents, film for additive include fluoro carbonic ester, and the total mol concentration of electrolyte in a solvent remains 1-
5mol/L, solute salt include the mixture of lithium salts and ionic liquid, and the molar ratio of lithium salts and ionic liquid is=1-5 ﹕ 1.Electrolysis
The molar concentration of liquid is 3mol/L;The molar ratio of lithium salts and ionic liquid is=2 ﹕ 1;Lithium salts is that lithium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) is sub-
Amine salt (LiTFSI), ionic liquid are two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imines (PP of N- methyl-N- propylene phenylpiperidines13* TFSI),
Middle cationic structural:Anion structure:Cyclic carbonate solvent is propene carbonate
(PC);Fluoro carbonic ester is fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and content is the 0.8% of PC solvent volume;
A kind of preparation method of electrolyte improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties provided by the invention includes following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: be according to molar ratio=1-5 ﹕ 1 weighs required lithium salts and ionic liquid, and is mixed as molten
Matter;
Step 2: this is mixed into solute and is dissolved in PC solvent, electrolyte obtained is sufficiently stirred, is stood, solute is made
It is completely dissolved;
Step 3: 0.8% fluoro carbonic ester for measuring carbonate solvent volume is added in above-mentioned mixed solution, sufficiently stirs
It mixes, stands for 24 hours to get the lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
Due to ionic liquid N-two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imines (PP of methyl-N- propylene phenylpiperidines13* TFSI) under room temperature
For liquid, in step 1, ionic liquid is first weighed, then weigh lithium salts, be eventually adding PC solvent.
It is a kind of improve graphite electrode surface SEI film properties electrolyte be applied to prepare in graphite-lithium half-cell.
Embodiment 1:
The electrolyte in the present invention is prepared in glove box, main component has: organic solvent, film for additive, lithium salts, from
Sub- liquid.Organic solvent is propene carbonate (PC), film for additive FEC, lithium salts LiTFSI, ionic liquid PP13*
TFSI, LiTFSI and PP13* the molar ratio of TFSI is 2:1, and FEC content is the 0.8% of PC volume, and lithium salts and ionic liquid are in PC
Total mol concentration in solvent is 3mol/L.
The preparation method of above-mentioned lithium-ion battery electrolytes:
1) PP of stoichiometry is weighed according to the molar ratio of the molar concentration of electrolyte and lithium salts and ionic liquid13*
TFSI is dissolved in the PC solvent of certain volume, shakes up;
2) stoichiometry is weighed according to the molar ratio of the molar concentration of electrolyte and lithium salts and ionic liquid
LiTFSI is dissolved in aforementioned mixed solution;
3) 0.8% FEC for measuring PC volume is added in above-mentioned solution;
4) above-mentioned solution is sufficiently shaken up, is stood for 24 hours.
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the present embodiment are used to assemble graphite-lithium button half-cell, half electricity of test graphite-lithium
0.01-2V, 0.1C rate charge-discharge cycle performance under the room temperature of pond.Capacity retention ratio is 88.5% or more after 200 circle circulations.
Comparative example 1:
Electrolyte is prepared in glove box, main component has: cyclic carbonate solvents, lithium salts, film for additive.The ring
Shape carbonate solvent is propene carbonate (PC), lithium salts LiTFSI, film for additive FEC, mole of the lithium salts in PC solvent
Concentration is 2.5mol/L, and film for additive content is the 10% of PC volume.
The preparation method of above-mentioned lithium-ion battery electrolytes:
1) LiTFSI that stoichiometry is weighed according to the molar concentration of electrolyte, is dissolved in certain volume
In PC solvent, shake up;
2) 10% FEC for measuring PC volume is dissolved in aforementioned mixed solution;
3) above-mentioned solution is sufficiently shaken up, is stood for 24 hours.
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of this comparative example are used to assemble graphite-lithium button half-cell, half electricity of test graphite-lithium
0.01-2V, 0.1C rate charge-discharge cycle performance under the room temperature of pond.Capacity retention ratio is 62.8% or more after 200 circle circulations.
Comparative example 2:
Electrolyte is prepared in glove box, main component has: cyclic carbonate solvents, lithium salts, fluoro carbonic ester solvent.Institute
Stating cyclic carbonate solvents is propene carbonate (PC), and lithium salts LiTFSI, fluoro carbonic ester solvent is fluorinated ethylene carbonate
FEC, with PC as cosolvent, molar concentration of the lithium salts LiTFSI in PC and FEC cosolvent is 2.5mol/L, PC volume content
It is 25% for 75%, FEC volume content.
The preparation method of above-mentioned lithium-ion battery electrolytes:
1) LiTFSI that stoichiometry is weighed according to the molar concentration of electrolyte, is dissolved in the solvent of certain volume,
In, PC volume content is that 75%, FEC volume content is 25%;
2) above-mentioned solution is sufficiently shaken up, is stood for 24 hours.
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of this comparative example are used to assemble graphite-lithium button half-cell, half electricity of test graphite-lithium
0.01-2V, 0.1C rate charge-discharge cycle performance under the room temperature of pond.Capacity retention ratio is 71.8% or more after 200 circle circulations.
Comparative example 3:
Electrolyte is prepared in glove box, main component has: cyclic carbonate solvents, lithium salts, fluoro carbonic ester solvent.Institute
Stating cyclic carbonate solvents is propene carbonate (PC), and lithium salts LiTFSI, fluoro carbonic ester solvent is fluorinated ethylene carbonate
FEC, with PC as cosolvent, molar concentration of the lithium salts LiTFSI in PC and FEC cosolvent is 2.5mol/L, PC volume content
It is 50% for 50%, FEC volume content.
The preparation method of above-mentioned lithium-ion battery electrolytes:
1) LiTFSI that stoichiometry is weighed according to the molar concentration of electrolyte, is dissolved in the solvent of certain volume,
In, PC volume content is that 50%, FEC volume content is 50%;
2) above-mentioned solution is sufficiently shaken up, is stood for 24 hours.
The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of this comparative example are used to assemble graphite-lithium button half-cell, half electricity of test graphite-lithium
0.01-2V, 0.1C rate charge-discharge cycle performance under the room temperature of pond.Capacity retention ratio is 56.3% or more after 160 circle circulations.
It is a kind of based on lithium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt to show that the present invention provides according to aforementioned experimental results
(LiTFSI) and two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imines (PP of ionic liquid at room temperature N- methyl-N- propylene phenylpiperidines13* TFSI) it is mixed
Conjunction object is electrolyte solute, and with propene carbonate (PC) for solvent, fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) is the Novel electrolytic of additive
Liquid, under the synergistic effect of ionic liquid and FEC, add minimal amount of FEC can graphite surface formed it is fine and close, uniformly and
And very thin SEI film, effectively raise the long-term cycle performance of graphite half-cell.
Specific case used herein elaborates inventive concept, the explanation of above example is only intended to
Help understands core of the invention thought.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, not departing from this
Under the premise of inventive concept, any obvious modification, equivalent replacement or the other improvements made should be included in the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of electrolyte for improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties, the electrolyte includes organic solvent, film for additive
And solute salt, the organic solvent include cyclic carbonate solvents, the film for additive includes fluoro carbonic ester, and feature exists
In the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 1-5mol/L, and the solute salt includes the mixture of lithium salts and ionic liquid, the lithium
The molar ratio of salt and ionic liquid is=1-5 ﹕ 1.
2. a kind of electrolyte for improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The molar concentration for stating electrolyte is 3mol/L.
3. a kind of electrolyte for improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The molar ratio for stating lithium salts and ionic liquid is 2 ﹕ 1.
4. a kind of electrolyte for improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties according to claim 3, which is characterized in that institute
Stating lithium salts is lithium two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) inferior amine salt, and the ionic liquid is two (trifluoromethyl of N- methyl-N- propylene phenylpiperidines
Sulphonyl) imines, wherein cationic structural:
Anion structure:
5. a kind of electrolyte for improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating cyclic carbonate solvents is propene carbonate.
6. a kind of electrolyte for improving graphite electrode surface SEI film properties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State that fluoro carbonic ester is fluorinated ethylene carbonate and content is the 0.8% of cyclic carbonate solvent volume.
7. the preparation side of the electrolyte of -6 any a kind of improvement graphite electrode surface SEI film properties according to claim 1
Method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: be according to molar ratio=1-5 ﹕ 1 weighs required lithium salts and ionic liquid, and is mixed as solute;
Step 2: mixing solute for this and be dissolved in cyclic carbonate solvent, be sufficiently stirred, stand, be completely dissolved solute,.
Step 3: 0.8% fluoro carbonic ester for measuring carbonate solvent volume is added in above-mentioned mixed solution, is sufficiently stirred,
It stands for 24 hours to get the lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
8. according to a kind of preparation method of the electrolyte of any improvement graphite electrode surface SEI film properties of claim 7,
It is characterized in that, first weighing ionic liquid, then weigh lithium salts in the step 1, it is eventually adding PC solvent.
9. according to claim 1-8 it is any it is described it is a kind of improve graphite electrode surface SEI film properties electrolyte be applied to preparation
Graphite-lithium half-cell.
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Cited By (3)
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CN112993399A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-18 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method for inhibiting corrosion of aluminum foil of current collector of lithium battery |
CN113206299A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Electrolyte of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
CN113659147A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-16 | 成都初肆柒叁科技有限公司 | Optimized preparation method of prefabricated SEI film on surface of negative electrode of zinc ion lithium battery |
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