Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of reducing the high-current charge-discharge performance, the low-temperature discharge performance and the consistency among batteries of the lithium ion battery caused by the diaphragm, the invention provides the lithium ion battery diaphragm and the preparation method thereof, which can obviously improve the liquid absorption rate of the diaphragm, reduce the surface resistance of the diaphragm and reduce the contact angle of the diaphragm to electrolyte, further improve the electrical performance of the battery and reduce the difficulty of matching.
Specifically, the invention provides a preparation method of a lithium ion battery diaphragm, which comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out corona treatment on a material which can be used as a lithium ion battery diaphragm;
2) and (3) immersing the material subjected to corona treatment into an organic solvent used by the lithium ion battery electrolyte, taking out and drying.
In the invention, the material which can be used as the lithium ion battery separator can be selected conventionally in the field, and is preferably a polyolefin material such as PP or PE or a composite material thereof.
In the invention, the main purpose of the corona treatment is to generate ion gas and ozone to react with the surface of the diaphragm so as to generate polar groups such as carbonyl and nitrogen-containing groups. For the above purpose, the voltage of the corona treatment is usually 5 to 50kv, preferably 10 to 30kv, for example 10kv, 20kv, 30 kv. The material can be selected and adjusted according to the properties of the material used as the lithium ion battery separator and the properties of the organic solvent used in the lithium ion battery electrolyte.
In the invention, the material after corona treatment is immersed in an organic solvent used by lithium ion battery electrolyte, and then taken out and dried, and the main purposes are as follows: and (2) after the corona treatment in the step 1), generating carbonyl, nitrogenous groups and other polar groups to capture a certain amount of organic solvent molecules used by the lithium ion battery electrolyte, and generating a physical adsorption phenomenon, thereby changing the oleophobic property of the diaphragm material. The kind of the organic solvent in step 2) may be determined according to a lithium ion battery electrolyte used for a desired lithium ion battery separator. If it is desired that the lithium ion battery electrolyte used contains a plurality of organic solvents, it is preferable to immerse the corona-treated materials in these organic solvents and then perform a drying treatment, respectively. Generally, the order of entering which organic solvent has little effect on the end result and can therefore be determined as desired.
Preferably, the soaking time in the above organic solvent is 2 to 30s, preferably 10 s.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
The organic solvent vapor generated in the drying process can be recycled through a recovery device.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the organic solvent of step 2) is selected from EC (ethylene carbonate), EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate) or DEC (diethyl carbonate).
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, step 2) the corona treated material is first immersed in EC, taken out and dried; then immersing the substrate in EMC, taking out and drying; immersing into DMC again, taking out and drying; then immersing into DEC, taking out and drying; and (4) finishing.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the preparation method of the lithium ion battery separator includes:
1) carrying out corona treatment on a material which can be used as a lithium ion battery diaphragm;
wherein the material is PP, PE or a composite material of PP and PE; the voltage of the corona treatment is 10-30 kv;
2) immersing the material subjected to corona treatment in EC for 10s, taking out and drying at 60-80 ℃; soaking in EMC for 10s, taking out, and oven drying at 60-80 deg.C; immersing into DMC for 10s, taking out and drying at 60-80 ℃; soaking in DEC for 10s, taking out, and oven drying at 60-80 deg.C; and (4) finishing.
In order to better, conveniently and quickly prepare the lithium ion battery diaphragm by adopting the method, the invention also provides diaphragm treatment equipment special for the method, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a corona generating device, a corona receiving device, an organic solvent container and organic solvent drying equipment. The corona generating device and the corona receiving device are used for carrying out corona treatment on a material which can be used as a lithium ion battery diaphragm; the container for containing the organic solvent is used for soaking the material after corona treatment; the organic solvent drying device is used for drying the material soaked with the organic solvent.
The invention also discloses the lithium ion battery diaphragm prepared by the method. The surface and the interior of the diaphragm contain a large number of molecules such as carbonyl, nitrogenous group, EC, EMC, DMC, DEC and the like, and the diaphragm has excellent electrolyte wetting performance. The diaphragm prepared by the invention has good wetting property to electrolyte, the liquid absorption rate of the diaphragm is more than or equal to 95%, and the surface resistance of the diaphragm is less than or equal to 0.8 omega-cm2The contact angle to the electrolyte is less than or equal to 35 degrees. The preparation method has the advantages of mature process, simple method and easy popularization and application.
The invention also comprises the application of the lithium ion battery diaphragm in the preparation of the lithium ion battery.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises the lithium ion battery diaphragm prepared by the method. Further, the device also comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, electrolyte and a structural member.
The electrolyte used in the lithium ion battery preferably contains LiPF as a main component6/EC/EMC/DMC/DEC, wherein lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) The concentration is 1 mol per liter, and the solvent is a mixed solution of EC/EMC/DMC/DEC according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
The lithium ion battery prepared by the lithium ion battery diaphragm improves the high-current charge and discharge performance, the low-temperature discharge performance and the consistency among batteries of the lithium ion battery, thereby obviously improving the electrical performance of the lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
The following examples the preparation method of the lithium ion battery separator may employ a special apparatus as shown in fig. 1, which includes: the corona generating device 2 and the corona receiving device 3 are respectively provided with organic solvent containers 4-7 and organic solvent drying equipment (not shown in the figure). Wherein, the corona generating device 2 and the corona receiving device 3 are used for carrying out corona treatment on the material 1 which can be used as the lithium ion battery diaphragm; the container for containing the organic solvent is used for soaking the material after corona treatment; the organic solvent drying device is used for drying the material soaked with the organic solvent. The material 1 of the lithium ion battery diaphragm is sequentially treated by the equipment to obtain the diaphragm 8.
Example 1
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery diaphragm comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out 20KV corona treatment on the PP film to generate ionic gas and ozone to react with the surface of the diaphragm so as to generate polar groups such as carbonyl and nitrogen-containing groups;
step 2: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 1 in EC for 10 seconds, taking out the diaphragm and drying at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of EC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and EC steam generated in drying is recycled through a recovery device;
and step 3: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 2 into EMC for 10 seconds, taking out the rear diaphragm and drying the rear diaphragm at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of EMC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and EMC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device;
and 4, step 4: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 3 into DMC for 10 seconds, taking out the rear diaphragm and drying the rear diaphragm at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of DMC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and DMC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device;
and 5: and (3) immersing the post-diaphragm processed in the step (4) into DEC for 10 seconds, taking out the post-diaphragm and drying at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of DEC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step (1), and DEC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device.
The diaphragm prepared by the method has a large amount of molecules such as carbonyl, nitrogenous groups, EC, EMC, DMC, DEC and the like on the surface and inside, and has excellent electrolyte immersion performance.
Example 2
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery diaphragm comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out 10KV corona treatment on the PE film to generate ionic gas and ozone, reacting with the surface of the diaphragm and generating polar groups such as carbonyl and nitrogen-containing groups;
step 2: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 1 in EC for 10 seconds, taking out the diaphragm and drying at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of EC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and EC steam generated in drying is recycled through a recovery device;
and step 3: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 2 into EMC for 10 seconds, taking out the rear diaphragm and drying the rear diaphragm at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of EMC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and EMC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device;
and 4, step 4: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 3 into DMC for 10 seconds, taking out the rear diaphragm and drying the rear diaphragm at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of DMC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and DMC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device;
and 5: and (3) immersing the post-diaphragm processed in the step (4) into DEC for 10 seconds, taking out the post-diaphragm and drying at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of DEC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step (1), and DEC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device.
The diaphragm prepared by the method has a large amount of molecules such as carbonyl, nitrogenous groups, EC, EMC, DMC, DEC and the like on the surface and inside, and has excellent electrolyte immersion performance.
Example 3
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery diaphragm comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out 30KV corona treatment on the PP-PE-PP three-layer film to generate ionic gas and ozone to react with the surface of the diaphragm so as to generate polar groups such as carbonyl and nitrogenous groups;
step 2: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 1 in EC for 10 seconds, taking out the diaphragm and drying at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of EC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and EC steam generated in drying is recycled through a recovery device;
and step 3: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 2 into EMC for 10 seconds, taking out the rear diaphragm and drying the rear diaphragm at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of EMC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and EMC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device;
and 4, step 4: immersing the rear diaphragm processed in the step 3 into DMC for 10 seconds, taking out the rear diaphragm and drying the rear diaphragm at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of DMC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step 1, and DMC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device;
and 5: and (3) immersing the post-diaphragm processed in the step (4) into DEC for 10 seconds, taking out the post-diaphragm and drying at 80 ℃, wherein a certain amount of DEC organic solvent molecules can be captured by carbonyl or nitrogen-containing groups generated in the step (1), and DEC steam generated in the drying process is recycled through a recovery device.
The diaphragm prepared by the method has a large amount of molecules such as carbonyl, nitrogenous groups, EC, EMC, DMC, DEC and the like on the surface and inside, and has excellent electrolyte immersion performance.
Experimental example 1
The results of the liquid absorption rate, the sheet resistance and the contact angle of the separator materials after the treatment and before the treatment in examples 1 to 3 were respectively shown in table 1 below.
The liquid absorption rate test method comprises the following steps: cutting 10cm by 10cm diaphragm, weighing M1, completely soaking in EC/EMC/DMC/DEC (mass ratio of 1: 1) mixed solution for 1h, taking out, holding one end with forceps, suspending, weighing M2 when the solution does not drip out of the diaphragm, and sucking liquid rate (M2-M1)/M1) of 100%
The surface resistance is measured by a direct current internal resistance tester.
The contact angle was measured by a contact angle measuring instrument and the measurement solution was EC/EMC/DMC/DEC (mass ratio 1: 1) mixed solution.
TABLE 1
Case(s)
|
The liquid absorption rate%
|
Surface resistance omega cm2 |
Contact angle °
|
Example 1
|
110.2
|
0.68
|
15.6
|
Example 2
|
112.5
|
0.53
|
13.9
|
Example 3
|
113.7
|
0.63
|
12.7
|
Comparative example 1
|
35.6
|
1.86
|
56.2
|
Comparative example 2
|
36.5
|
1.92
|
65.3
|
Comparative example 3
|
35.3
|
1.38
|
58.2 |
In table 1, comparative example 1 refers to a PP film that is exactly the same as that before the treatment of example 1, comparative example 2 refers to a PE film that is exactly the same as that before the treatment of example 2, and comparative example 3 refers to a PP-PE-PP three-layer film that is exactly the same as that before the treatment of example 3.
The result shows that the treated diaphragm obviously improves the liquid absorption rate of the diaphragm, reduces the surface resistance of the diaphragm and the contact angle of the diaphragm to the electrolyte, thereby obviously improving the wettability to the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery and improving the electrical property of the lithium ion battery prepared by using the diaphragm.
Experimental example 2
The lithium ion battery is assembled by the diaphragm processed in the above examples 1-3 and the diaphragm material before processing, wherein the positive electrode is lithium iron phosphate, the negative electrode is graphite, and the electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte, wherein the concentration of lithium hexafluorophosphate is 1 mol per liter, and the solvent is EC/EMC/DMC/DEC (mass ratio of 1: 1) mixed solution. The charging and discharging voltage of the battery is 2.0-3.6V; 25 ℃ cycle cutoff judgment conditions: the capacity of the last cycle was 80% of the initial capacity at 25 ℃. -20 ℃ discharge capacity ratio-20 ℃ discharge capacity/25 ℃ initial capacity. Each protocol tested 3 cells, with initial capacity at 25 ℃ (average of three capacities cycled between 2.0 and 3.6V), followed by low temperature discharge testing at-20 ℃ and finally cycling at 25 ℃.
The charge and discharge performance, the low-temperature discharge performance and the consistency among the batteries were tested (the experiment was repeated three times), and the results are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
Case(s)
|
Cycle number at 25 deg.C
|
Discharge capacity ratio at-20 DEG C
|
Example 1-1#
|
4325
|
76.8%
|
Examples 1-2#
|
4331
|
76.7%
|
Examples 1 to 3#
|
4325
|
76.8%
|
Example 2-1#
|
4693
|
74.3%
|
Example 2-2#
|
4685
|
74.4%
|
Example 2-3#
|
4688
|
74.1%
|
Example 3-1#
|
4822
|
76.2%
|
Example 3-2#
|
4833
|
76.4%
|
Example 3-3#
|
4832
|
76.1%
|
Comparative examples 1-1#
|
3203
|
69.8%
|
Comparative examples 1-2#
|
2896
|
68.2%
|
Comparative examples 1 to 3#
|
3396
|
71.9%
|
Comparative examples 2-1#
|
3154
|
69.7%
|
Comparative examples 2-2#
|
3001
|
65.8%
|
Comparative examples 2 to 3#
|
3385
|
72.3%
|
Comparative example 3-1#
|
3008
|
69.9%
|
Comparative examples 3-2#
|
2569
|
68.8%
|
Comparative examples 3 to 3#
|
3182
|
65.3% |
In table 2, comparative example 1 refers to a PP film that is exactly the same as that before the treatment of example 1, comparative example 2 refers to a PE film that is exactly the same as that before the treatment of example 2, and comparative example 3 refers to a PP-PE-PP three-layer film that is exactly the same as that before the treatment of example 3.
The result shows that the cycle life of the lithium ion battery prepared by the diaphragm of the embodiment 1-3 is improved by 27-88%, the discharge capacity ratio at minus 20 ℃ is improved by 6-20%, and the consistency of the cycle life and the discharge at minus 20 ℃ is high.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.