CN110147953B - A Method for Automatically Generating Questionnaire - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及互联网问卷技术领域，确切地说涉及一种调查问卷自动生成技术。The invention relates to the technical field of Internet questionnaires, in particular to a technology for automatically generating questionnaires.
背景技术Background technique
调查问卷通常由一系列的问题、调查项目、备选答案或者填写说明组成。主要目的是向被调查者收集项目相关统计数据。调查问卷作为收集研究资料的工具，可以获取到大量的统计数据，对这些信息进行深入的分析，可验证研究假设并对所研究的问题作出科学的解释和说明。在实际调查中，要想通过问卷搜集高效度、高信度的研究数据，问卷设计是保证调查结果有效的关键点之一。设计问卷时设计人员往往需要考虑问卷结构的确定、试题的编写与排序、答案选项及量表的选择、试题表述与调查对象的关系等问题，同时无法根据当前收集到的信息快速对问卷进行调整。因此，有效的自动化问卷生成及自动化采集调查数据可极大地带来便利，减少相关人员工作量的同时降低人工失误的可能性。Questionnaires usually consist of a series of questions, survey items, alternative answers, or instructions for filling them out. The main purpose is to collect project-related statistical data from respondents. As a tool for collecting research data, questionnaires can obtain a large amount of statistical data, and in-depth analysis of these information can verify research hypotheses and make scientific explanations and explanations for the research issues. In the actual survey, in order to collect high-efficiency and high-reliability research data through questionnaires, questionnaire design is one of the key points to ensure the validity of the survey results. When designing a questionnaire, the designer often needs to consider the determination of the questionnaire structure, the compilation and sorting of the test questions, the choice of answer options and scales, the relationship between the test question expression and the survey object, etc. At the same time, it is impossible to quickly adjust the questionnaire according to the currently collected information . Therefore, effective automatic questionnaire generation and automatic collection of survey data can greatly bring convenience, reduce the workload of relevant personnel and reduce the possibility of manual errors.
由于问卷调查项目通常涉及到许多的考察方面，于是需要一个系统的指标体系来指导问卷调查工作。成熟的问卷调查项目涉及到的指标数量较为庞大，并且各个指标都需要有一定的数据支持。因此问卷试题应该覆盖所有的指标，同时需要体现不同指标的不同重要程度。Since questionnaire survey projects usually involve many investigation aspects, a systematic index system is needed to guide the questionnaire survey work. Mature questionnaire survey projects involve a large number of indicators, and each indicator requires certain data support. Therefore, the questionnaire test questions should cover all indicators, and at the same time need to reflect the different importance of different indicators.
受调查人群在做问卷时耐心程度有限。当问卷题目过多时，受调查者放弃调查的几率大大增加，这样不仅浪费了资源，还使得获取到的有效数据减少。如何根据不同人群的耐心程度来设计调查问卷，已经成为现有技术中亟待解决的问题之一。The surveyed population has limited patience when taking the questionnaire. When there are too many questions in the questionnaire, the probability of respondents giving up the survey is greatly increased, which not only wastes resources, but also reduces the effective data obtained. How to design questionnaires according to the patience levels of different groups of people has become one of the problems to be solved urgently in the prior art.
为了解决大量数据需求与受调查人群耐心程度有限以及预算有限三者间的矛盾，现在出现了一些调查问卷自动生成技术。In order to solve the contradiction between the large amount of data demand and the limited patience and budget of the surveyed population, some automatic questionnaire generation technologies have emerged.
如现有技术中，如公开号为CN107194743A，公开日期为2017年9月22的，名称为“一种网络调查问卷生成方法和装置”的中国发明专利文献，公开了一种网络调查问卷生成方法和装置，用以在尽可能少的问题中收集更多的数据，提高调查问卷的数据回收效率和网络资源利用率。网络问卷调查方法，包括：接收用户设备提交的接受网络问卷调查邀请的响应消息；针对问题库中包含的可选问题，根据预设的评估参数确定该可选问题对应的权重；并按照权重由大至小的顺序选择预设数量的可选问题；根据所述问题库中包含的必选问题和选择出的可选问题生成网络调查问卷；向所述用户设备返回生成的网络调查问卷。For example, in the prior art, such as the Chinese invention patent document with the publication number CN107194743A and the publication date of September 22, 2017, entitled "A Method and Device for Generating a Network Questionnaire", discloses a method for generating a network questionnaire And devices to collect more data in as few questions as possible, improve the efficiency of data recovery of questionnaires and the utilization of network resources. A network questionnaire survey method, including: receiving a response message submitted by a user device for accepting a network questionnaire survey invitation; for optional questions contained in a question bank, determining the weight corresponding to the optional question according to preset evaluation parameters; and determining the weight corresponding to the optional question according to the weight Selecting a preset number of optional questions in descending order; generating a network questionnaire according to the mandatory questions contained in the question bank and the selected optional questions; returning the generated network questionnaire to the user equipment.
然而这种技术方案仅针对在线问答的调查，并不能实现线下问卷的自动生成，并无法解决现在问卷调查中容错率、完成率、有效率等方面的问题，并且调查受众也局限于在线用户，广度不足。However, this technical solution is only for online question-and-answer surveys, and cannot automatically generate offline questionnaires, and cannot solve the problems of fault tolerance rate, completion rate, and efficiency in current questionnaire surveys, and the survey audience is also limited to online users. , lack of breadth.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于在有限预算下，使用问卷生成算法自动生成与需求相适应、并根据受调查人群的耐心程度动态调整问卷结构，尽可能多地收集调查数据的调查问卷自动生成技术。The purpose of the present invention is to use the questionnaire generation algorithm to automatically generate and adapt to the needs, dynamically adjust the structure of the questionnaire according to the patience of the surveyed population, and collect as much survey data as possible under the limited budget.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种调查问卷自动生成方法，其特征在于：包括题库生成步骤、卷类型构成步骤、问卷题数确定步骤和问卷生成步骤；A method for automatically generating a questionnaire, characterized in that: comprising a question bank generation step, a volume type composition step, a questionnaire number determination step and a questionnaire generation step;
所述题库生成步骤，问卷调查工作通常需要一个系统的指标体系作为指导，该指标体系中最底层的指标之和即为指标总数，且每个底层指标与一个或多个试题相关联，这些试题共同构成问卷题库；In the question bank generation step, the questionnaire survey usually requires a systematic index system as a guide. The sum of the bottom indexes in the index system is the total number of indexes, and each bottom index is associated with one or more test questions. These test questions Together constitute the questionnaire question bank;
所述卷类型构成步骤，根据某次问卷调查的预算来确定问卷总数S，且问卷总数S与问卷调查预算之间呈正相关；按照问卷需求设定问卷类型的数量L；The volume type composition step is to determine the total number of questionnaires S according to the budget of a certain questionnaire survey, and there is a positive correlation between the total number of questionnaires S and the questionnaire survey budget; set the number L of questionnaire types according to the questionnaire requirements;
所述问卷题数确定步骤，确定问卷类型的数量L、设定问卷的试题总数M，所述问卷的试题总数至少不少于指标总数、至多等于整个题库的试题总数；根据问卷的试题总数M和问卷类型数量L计算每份问卷的试题数量X＝M/L；即每份问卷的试题数量与问卷类型数的乘积即为试题总数；The step of determining the number of questionnaire questions determines the quantity L of questionnaire types, the total number of questions M of the questionnaire, the total number of questions of the questionnaire is at least no less than the total number of indicators, and at most equals the total number of questions in the entire question bank; according to the total number of questions M of the questionnaire Calculate the number of test questions X=M/L of each questionnaire with the number of questionnaire types L; that is, the product of the number of test questions of each questionnaire and the number of questionnaire types is the total number of test questions;
所述问卷生成步骤，按照问卷类型构成步骤和问卷题数确定步骤中确定的每份问卷的问卷类型和试题数量m，调用问卷生成算法生成问卷，所述问卷生成算法通过对题库中的已经编号的试题进行处理得到一个试题编号序列，并根据试题编号序列从题库中抽取试题组成问卷。Described questionnaire generation step, according to the questionnaire type and the number of questions m of each questionnaire determined in the questionnaire type composition step and the number of questionnaire questions determination step, call the questionnaire generation algorithm to generate the questionnaire, and the questionnaire generation algorithm passes the numbered number in the question bank The test questions are processed to obtain a test question number sequence, and the test questions are extracted from the question bank according to the test question number sequence to form a questionnaire.
所述问卷数量构成步骤中，问卷的总数S，问卷类型数量L；问卷的总数S确定后根据需求指定问卷类型数量L，同一类型下问卷的数量记为Ci，问卷的总数S为所有问卷类型下问卷数量的总和，即
所述问卷题数确定步骤中，设定问卷的试题总数M，指标总数Z，整个题库的试题总数T，每份问卷的试题数量X；且
所述问卷生成步骤中，所述问卷生成算法包括以下步骤：In the questionnaire generation step, the questionnaire generation algorithm includes the following steps:
步骤1，为题库中的试题按照与底层指标的关联性进行编号；Step 1, number the test questions in the question bank according to their relevance to the underlying indicators;
步骤2，生成试题编号矩阵，将每个指标关联的试题编号集合作为试题编号矩阵中的一列，若矩阵行数不相等，则数量较少的列缺少的部分用所在列的试题编号填补，得到一个列为指标总数且行相等的试题编号矩阵；Step 2: Generate the question number matrix, and use the set of test question numbers associated with each indicator as a column in the test question number matrix. If the number of matrix rows is not equal, the missing part of the column with a small number is filled with the test question number of the column, and we get a matrix of item numbers with columns as the total number of indicators and equal rows;
步骤3，先将每一列的编号在该列内进行随机排列，得到一个新的试题编号矩阵，然后顺序将每一行的编号依次放入一个新的集合中，得到可用于生成问卷的试题编号序列；Step 3, first randomly arrange the numbers of each column in the column to obtain a new test question number matrix, and then sequentially put the numbers of each row into a new set to obtain the test question number sequence that can be used to generate the questionnaire ;
步骤4，按照试题编号序列生成问卷，根据步骤3中编号序列顺序抽取试题，即每X个试题作为一份新的问卷，以此循环直到取到设定的试题总数M，如果最后一份问卷试题数量不不足X时，再从序列重新开始顺序选取编号补齐，这样生成的问卷可以覆盖所有指标；每份问卷生成的同时还需要为每份问卷编号并对每份试卷的试题编号进行记录，同时加上时间戳，便于后续的问卷回收及调查结果录入。Step 4: Generate the questionnaire according to the number sequence of the test questions, and extract the test questions according to the sequence of the number sequence in step 3, that is, every X test questions are used as a new questionnaire, and this cycle is repeated until the total number of test questions M is obtained. If the last questionnaire When the number of test questions is not less than X, start again from the sequence and select numbers to fill in order, so that the generated questionnaire can cover all indicators; when generating each questionnaire, it is also necessary to number each questionnaire and record the test question number of each test paper , and add a time stamp at the same time to facilitate subsequent questionnaire recovery and survey result entry.
而根据使用状态，为题库中的试题按照与底层指标的关联性进行编号的过程可以是在题库生成步骤中即开始进行的，先为底层指标进行编号，然后为每个底层指标关联的试题进行编号，通过如前缀+后缀等方式对试题完成编号。According to the usage status, the process of numbering the test questions in the question bank according to the correlation with the underlying indicators can be started in the step of generating the question bank. Numbering, complete the numbering of the test questions by means such as prefix + suffix.
所述步骤1中，为指标编号并标记为Zj，且j∈N+；每一个指标Zj都有与之对应的题库，按照指标对应的题库为试题编号，如指标Z1关联的试题编号集合为{Z(1，1),Z(1,2),Z(1,3),...,Z(1，n)}。In the step 1, the index is numbered and marked as Z j , and j∈N + ; each index Z j has a corresponding question bank, and the question bank corresponding to the index is the test question number, such as the test question associated with the index Z 1 The set of numbers is {Z (1,1) ,Z (1,2) ,Z (1,3) ,...,Z (1,n) }.
还包括问卷回收步骤，回收调查问卷后，利用扫描技术自动获取问卷编号及问卷的结果，将这些信息送入系统，系统自动为问卷评分并纳入统计。It also includes the questionnaire recovery step. After the questionnaire is recovered, the scanning technology is used to automatically obtain the questionnaire number and the result of the questionnaire, and send this information into the system. The system automatically scores the questionnaire and includes it in statistics.
还包括问卷评价步骤，系统为问卷回收步骤中回收的问卷进行评分，收集调查数据，答题数量过少的问卷视为无效数据；如果未收集到目标数量的数据，则根据数据情况调整问卷的结构，减少问卷试题数量，进行数据的补充。优选地，如一份问卷试题中受试者答题的数目小于该份试题数目的70％，则视该份问卷结果无效，系统自动记录无效问卷编号和答题数目；统计完成后，若某类型问卷的数据量不足，则根据无效问卷的情况对每份问卷试题数量X进行调整，生成新的补充问卷。最后回收的新问卷结果作为补充数据，以同样的方法录入系统。It also includes the questionnaire evaluation step. The system scores the questionnaires recovered in the questionnaire recovery step, collects survey data, and the questionnaire with too few answers is regarded as invalid data; if the target quantity of data is not collected, the structure of the questionnaire is adjusted according to the data situation , reduce the number of questionnaire questions, and supplement the data. Preferably, if the number of subjects answering questions in a questionnaire is less than 70% of the number of questions in the test, the result of the questionnaire will be considered invalid, and the system will automatically record the invalid questionnaire number and the number of answers; after the statistics are completed, if a certain type of questionnaire If the amount of data is insufficient, the number X of each questionnaire will be adjusted according to the situation of invalid questionnaires to generate a new supplementary questionnaire. Finally, the returned new questionnaire results are used as supplementary data and entered into the system in the same way.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明提出的一种自动化生成问卷的方法，利用数学的方法生成试题编号序列，再根据该序列自动生成问卷，既丰富了问卷的类型，也为问卷设计提供了极大的便利；问卷生成过程中生成随机的试题编号序列，该序列同时覆盖了调查问卷的指标及所有的题库。并且利用该试题序列生成问卷避免了问卷中同一指标的重复出现，解决了调查问卷设计过程中无法兼顾指标与题库的问题，使得生成的问卷更加科学与高效。A method for automatically generating questionnaires proposed by the present invention uses a mathematical method to generate test question numbering sequences, and then automatically generates questionnaires according to the sequences, which not only enriches the types of questionnaires, but also provides great convenience for questionnaire design; the questionnaire generation process Generate a random test question number sequence, which covers both the indicators of the questionnaire and all the question banks. And using the test question sequence to generate the questionnaire avoids the repetition of the same index in the questionnaire, solves the problem that the index and the question bank cannot be considered during the questionnaire design process, and makes the generated questionnaire more scientific and efficient.
本发明提出的自动化生成问卷的方法后续还会对数量未达标的数据进行补充收集，即根据已获得的数据推断受调查者的耐心程度，调整每份问卷的试题数量后进行数据补充，使得获取到的数据数量充足并且有效性高。The method for automatically generating questionnaires proposed by the present invention will also supplement and collect the data that is not up to the standard, that is, infer the patient’s patience according to the obtained data, adjust the number of questions in each questionnaire, and then supplement the data, so that the data can be obtained The amount of data obtained is sufficient and the validity is high.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的前述和下文具体描述在结合以下附图阅读时变得更清楚，其中：The foregoing and following detailed description of the invention will become more apparent when read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
图1为本发明调查问卷自动生成方法一种优选方案的逻辑示意图；Fig. 1 is a logical schematic diagram of a preferred solution of the questionnaire automatic generation method of the present invention;
图2为本发明问卷生成算法一种优选方案的逻辑示意图。Fig. 2 is a logical schematic diagram of a preferred scheme of the questionnaire generation algorithm of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过几个具体的实施例来进一步说明实现本发明目的技术方案，需要说明的是，本发明要求保护的技术方案包括但不限于以下实施例。The technical solutions for realizing the object of the present invention are further described below through several specific examples. It should be noted that the technical solutions claimed in the present invention include but are not limited to the following examples.
实施例1Example 1
作为本发明一种最基本的实施方案，本实施例公开了一种调查问卷自动生成方法，如图1所示，包括题库生成步骤、卷类型构成步骤、问卷题数确定步骤和问卷生成步骤；As a most basic embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment discloses a method for automatically generating a questionnaire, as shown in Figure 1, including a step of generating a question bank, a step of forming a volume type, a step of determining the number of questions in a questionnaire, and a step of generating a questionnaire;
所述题库生成步骤，问卷调查工作通常需要一个系统的指标体系作为指导，该指标体系中最底层的指标之和即为指标总数，且每个底层指标与一个或多个试题相关联，这些试题共同构成问卷题库；In the question bank generation step, the questionnaire survey usually requires a systematic index system as a guide. The sum of the bottom indexes in the index system is the total number of indexes, and each bottom index is associated with one or more test questions. These test questions Together constitute the questionnaire question bank;
所述卷类型构成步骤，根据某次问卷调查的预算来确定问卷总数S，且问卷总数S与问卷调查预算之间呈正相关；按照问卷需求设定问卷类型的数量L；The volume type composition step is to determine the total number of questionnaires S according to the budget of a certain questionnaire survey, and there is a positive correlation between the total number of questionnaires S and the questionnaire survey budget; set the number L of questionnaire types according to the questionnaire requirements;
所述问卷题数确定步骤，确定问卷类型的数量L、设定问卷的试题总数M，所述问卷的试题总数至少不少于指标总数、至多等于整个题库的试题总数；根据问卷的试题总数M和问卷类型数量L计算每份问卷的试题数量X＝M/L；即每份问卷的试题数量与问卷类型数的乘积即为试题总数；The step of determining the number of questionnaire questions determines the quantity L of questionnaire types, the total number of questions M of the questionnaire, the total number of questions of the questionnaire is at least no less than the total number of indicators, and at most equals the total number of questions in the entire question bank; according to the total number of questions M of the questionnaire Calculate the number of test questions X=M/L of each questionnaire with the number of questionnaire types L; that is, the product of the number of test questions of each questionnaire and the number of questionnaire types is the total number of test questions;
所述问卷生成步骤，按照问卷类型构成步骤和问卷题数确定步骤中确定的每份问卷的问卷类型和试题数量m，调用问卷生成算法生成问卷，所述问卷生成算法通过对题库中的已经编号的试题进行处理得到一个试题编号序列，并根据试题编号序列从题库中抽取试题组成问卷。Described questionnaire generation step, according to the questionnaire type and the number of questions m of each questionnaire determined in the questionnaire type composition step and the number of questionnaire questions determination step, call the questionnaire generation algorithm to generate the questionnaire, and the questionnaire generation algorithm passes the numbered number in the question bank The test questions are processed to obtain a test question number sequence, and the test questions are extracted from the question bank according to the test question number sequence to form a questionnaire.
本实施例的自动化生成问卷的方法，利用数学的方法生成试题编号序列，再根据该序列自动生成问卷，既丰富了问卷的类型，也为问卷设计提供了极大的便利；问卷生成过程中生成随机的试题编号序列，该序列同时覆盖了调查问卷的指标及所有的题库。并且利用该试题序列生成问卷避免了问卷中同一指标的重复出现，解决了调查问卷设计过程中无法兼顾指标与题库的问题，使得生成的问卷更加科学与高效。The method for automatically generating questionnaires in this embodiment uses mathematical methods to generate test item number sequences, and then automatically generates questionnaires according to the sequences, which not only enriches the types of questionnaires, but also provides great convenience for questionnaire design; A random numbered sequence of test questions, which covers both the indicators of the questionnaire and all the question banks. And using the test question sequence to generate the questionnaire avoids the repetition of the same index in the questionnaire, solves the problem that the index and the question bank cannot be considered during the questionnaire design process, and makes the generated questionnaire more scientific and efficient.
实施例2Example 2
作为本发明一种优选的实施方案，在实施例1的技术方案基础上，本实施例进一步公开了所述问卷数量构成步骤中，问卷的总数S，问卷类型数量L；问卷的总数S确定后根据需求指定问卷类型数量L，同一类型下问卷的数量记为Ci，问卷的总数S为所有问卷类型下问卷数量的总和，即
所述问卷题数确定步骤中，设定问卷的试题总数M，指标总数Z，整个题库的试题总数T，每份问卷的试题数量X；且
还包括问卷评价步骤，系统为问卷回收步骤中回收的问卷进行评分，收集调查数据，答题数量过少的问卷视为无效数据；如果未收集到目标数量的数据，则根据数据情况调整问卷的结构，减少问卷试题数量，进行数据的补充。优选地，如一份问卷试题中受试者答题的数目小于该份试题数目的70％，则视该份问卷结果无效，系统自动记录无效问卷编号和答题数目；统计完成后，若某类型问卷的数据量不足，则根据无效问卷的情况对每份问卷试题数量X进行调整，生成新的补充问卷。最后回收的新问卷结果作为补充数据，以同样的方法录入系统；对数量未达标的数据进行补充收集，即根据已获得的数据推断受调查者的耐心程度，调整每份问卷的试题数量后进行数据补充，使得获取到的数据数量充足并且有效性高。It also includes the questionnaire evaluation step. The system scores the questionnaires recovered in the questionnaire recovery step, collects survey data, and the questionnaire with too few answers is regarded as invalid data; if the target quantity of data is not collected, the structure of the questionnaire is adjusted according to the data situation , reduce the number of questionnaire questions, and supplement the data. Preferably, if the number of subjects answering questions in a questionnaire is less than 70% of the number of questions in the test, the result of the questionnaire will be considered invalid, and the system will automatically record the invalid questionnaire number and the number of answers; after the statistics are completed, if a certain type of questionnaire If the amount of data is insufficient, the number X of each questionnaire will be adjusted according to the situation of invalid questionnaires to generate a new supplementary questionnaire. Finally, the returned new questionnaire results are used as supplementary data, and are entered into the system in the same way; supplementary collection of data that does not meet the standard is carried out, that is, inferring the patient level of the respondents based on the obtained data, and adjusting the number of questions in each questionnaire. Data supplementation makes the acquired data sufficient and highly effective.
进一步的，如图2所示，所述问卷生成步骤中，所述问卷生成算法包括以下步骤：Further, as shown in Figure 2, in the questionnaire generation step, the questionnaire generation algorithm includes the following steps:
步骤1，为题库中的试题按照与底层指标的关联性进行编号；Step 1, number the test questions in the question bank according to their relevance to the underlying indicators;
步骤2，生成试题编号矩阵，将每个指标关联的试题编号集合作为试题编号矩阵中的一列，若矩阵行数不相等，则数量较少的列缺少的部分用所在列的试题编号填补，得到一个列为指标总数且行相等的试题编号矩阵；Step 2: Generate the question number matrix, and use the set of test question numbers associated with each indicator as a column in the test question number matrix. If the number of matrix rows is not equal, the missing part of the column with a small number is filled with the test question number of the column, and we get a matrix of item numbers with columns as the total number of indicators and equal rows;
步骤3，先将每一列的编号在该列内进行随机排列，得到一个新的试题编号矩阵，然后顺序将每一行的编号依次放入一个新的集合中，得到可用于生成问卷的试题编号序列；Step 3, first randomly arrange the numbers of each column in the column to obtain a new test question number matrix, and then sequentially put the numbers of each row into a new set to obtain the test question number sequence that can be used to generate the questionnaire ;
步骤4，按照试题编号序列生成问卷，根据步骤3中编号序列顺序抽取试题，即每X个试题作为一份新的问卷，以此循环直到取到设定的试题总数M，如果最后一份问卷试题数量不不足X时，再从序列重新开始顺序选取编号补齐，这样生成的问卷可以覆盖所有指标；每份问卷生成的同时还需要为每份问卷编号并对每份试卷的试题编号进行记录，同时加上时间戳，便于后续的问卷回收及调查结果录入。Step 4: Generate the questionnaire according to the number sequence of the test questions, and extract the test questions according to the sequence of the number sequence in step 3, that is, every X test questions are used as a new questionnaire, and this cycle is repeated until the total number of test questions M is obtained. If the last questionnaire When the number of test questions is not less than X, start again from the sequence and select numbers to fill in order, so that the generated questionnaire can cover all indicators; when generating each questionnaire, it is also necessary to number each questionnaire and record the test question number of each test paper , and add a time stamp at the same time to facilitate subsequent questionnaire recovery and survey result entry.
而根据使用状态，为题库中的试题按照与底层指标的关联性进行编号的过程可以是在题库生成步骤中即开始进行的，先为底层指标进行编号，然后为每个底层指标关联的试题进行编号，通过如前缀+后缀等方式对试题完成编号。According to the usage status, the process of numbering the test questions in the question bank according to the correlation with the underlying indicators can be started in the step of generating the question bank. Numbering, complete the numbering of the test questions by means such as prefix + suffix.
所述步骤1中，为指标编号并标记为Zj，且j∈N+；每一个指标Zj都有与之对应的题库，按照指标对应的题库为试题编号，如指标Z1关联的试题编号集合为{Z(1，1),Z(1,2),Z(1,3),...,Z(1，n)}。In the step 1, the index is numbered and marked as Z j , and j∈N + ; each index Z j has a corresponding question bank, and the question bank corresponding to the index is the test question number, such as the test question associated with the index Z 1 The set of numbers is {Z (1,1) ,Z (1,2) ,Z (1,3) ,...,Z (1,n) }.
还包括问卷回收步骤，回收调查问卷后，利用扫描技术自动获取问卷编号及问卷的结果，将这些信息送入系统，系统自动为问卷评分并纳入统计。It also includes the questionnaire recovery step. After the questionnaire is recovered, the scanning technology is used to automatically obtain the questionnaire number and the result of the questionnaire, and send this information into the system. The system automatically scores the questionnaire and includes it in statistics.
实施例3Example 3
作为本发明一种优选的实施方案，本实施例公开了一种调查问卷自动生成方法，包括以下步骤：As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment discloses a method for automatically generating questionnaires, including the following steps:
步骤1、根据问卷调查的预算计算问卷的总数，然后根据根据问卷总数确定问卷类型数；同一类型的问卷试题相同，不同类型的问卷试题不同，从而确定问卷数量的构成。Step 1. Calculate the total number of questionnaires according to the budget of the questionnaire survey, and then determine the number of questionnaire types based on the total number of questionnaires; the same type of questionnaires have the same test questions, and different types of questionnaires have different test questions, so as to determine the composition of the number of questionnaires.
问卷调查中预算有限，需要根据预算来确定问卷的数量。设问卷预算与问卷总数(用S表示)的关系为正相关。当S确定时，可根据需求指定问卷类型数(用L表示)。其中，不同类型的问卷试题不同，而相同类型的问卷试题相同，同一类型下问卷的数量记为Ci。问卷总数为所有类型下问卷数量的总和，即
步骤2、调查问卷试题总量至少需要覆盖整个指标体系，在此前提下，用户也可指定试题总数；因此在确定好问卷类型数量后，需要根据问卷试题的总数来计算每份问卷的试题数量。Step 2. The total amount of questionnaire questions needs to cover at least the entire index system. Under this premise, the user can also specify the total number of test questions; therefore, after determining the number of questionnaire types, it is necessary to calculate the number of test questions for each questionnaire based on the total number of questionnaire test questions .
当确定问卷类型数后，用户可指定试题总数(记为M)，试题总数至少覆盖整个指标体系(指标总数记为Z)，至多覆盖整个题库(题库中试题总数记为T)。然后根据用户指定的试题总数M来计算每份问卷的试题数量(记为X)。每份问卷试题数N与问卷类型数L的乘积为试题总数M。并且每份问卷的试题数量X需要满足公式
步骤3、生成问卷时需按照确定好的问卷类型数量及每份问卷的试题数量来进行；调用问卷生成算法，算法首先要为所有指标编号，同时为指标关联题库中的试题编号；将这些已经编号的试题进行处理，最终得到一个可行的试题编号序列；最后顺序从试题编号序列中抽取试题，组成不同类型的问卷。记录问卷编号以便系统自动处理调查结果。Step 3. When generating the questionnaire, it needs to be carried out according to the determined number of questionnaire types and the number of test questions of each questionnaire; call the questionnaire generation algorithm, the algorithm must first number all indicators, and at the same time number the test questions in the indicator-associated question bank; The numbered test questions are processed, and finally a feasible test question number sequence is obtained; finally, the test questions are sequentially extracted from the test question number sequence to form different types of questionnaires. Record the questionnaire number so that the system can automatically process the survey results.
问卷生成算法具体步骤如下：The specific steps of the questionnaire generation algorithm are as follows:
1、为指标及试题编号。算法为所有指标编号并标记为Zj(j∈N+)。对于每一个指标Zj，都有与之对应的题库。按照指标题库为试题编号，如指标Zj关联的试题编号集合为{Z11，Z12，Z13，…，Z1n}。1. Number the indicators and test questions. The algorithm numbers all indices and labels them Z j (j ∈ N + ). For each index Z j , there is a corresponding question bank. According to the reference title library, the test question numbers are set, for example, the set of test question numbers associated with the index Z j is {Z 11 , Z 12 , Z 13 , ..., Z 1n }.
2、生成试题编号矩阵。将每个指标关联的试题编号集合作为试题编号矩阵中的一列，若矩阵行数不相等，则数量较少的列缺少的部分用所在列的试题编号填补，最终得到一个列为指标总数且行相等的试题编号矩阵。2. Generate the question number matrix. The set of test question numbers associated with each indicator is used as a column in the test question number matrix. If the number of matrix rows is not equal, the missing part of the column with a small number is filled with the test question numbers of the column, and finally a column is the total number of indicators and the rows are equal. The question number matrix of .
3、得到新的试题编号序列。算法先将每一列的编号在该列内进行随机排列，得到一个新的试题编号矩阵。然后顺序将每一行的编号依次放入一个新的集合中。得到可用于生成问卷的试题编号序列。3. Obtain the new test question number sequence. The algorithm first randomly arranges the number of each column in the column to obtain a new test item number matrix. Then sequentially put the number of each row into a new set in turn. Get the sequence of question numbers that can be used to generate questionnaires.
4、按照试题编号序列生成问卷。算法根据上述编号序列顺序抽取试题，即每N个试题作为一份新的问卷，以此循环直到取到用户指定的试题总数M。如果最后一份问卷试题数量不足X时，再从序列重新开始顺序选取编号补齐。这样生成的问卷可以覆盖所有指标。每份问卷生成的同时还需要为每份问卷编号并对每份试卷的试题编号进行记录，同时加上时间戳。便于后续的问卷回收及调查结果录入。4. Generate questionnaires according to the sequence of test question numbers. The algorithm extracts test questions sequentially according to the above numbering sequence, that is, every N test questions are taken as a new questionnaire, and this cycle is repeated until the total number of test questions M specified by the user is obtained. If the number of questions in the last questionnaire is less than X, start again from the sequence and select the numbers sequentially to make up. The questionnaire thus generated can cover all indicators. When each questionnaire is generated, it is also necessary to number each questionnaire and record the test question number of each test paper, and add a time stamp at the same time. It is convenient for follow-up questionnaire collection and survey result entry.
进一步的，为评价问卷质量和不断完善题库和算法，还包括以下步骤：Further, in order to evaluate the quality of the questionnaire and continuously improve the question bank and algorithm, the following steps are also included:
步骤4、回收调查问卷，采用扫描的形式自动获取问卷的编号。根据问卷的编号自动从数据库中调出该问卷相关信息，然后按照试题编号记录受试者答案。系统会自动根据受试者答案进行评分并记录数据。Step 4. Recycle the questionnaire, and obtain the serial number of the questionnaire automatically in the form of scanning. According to the number of the questionnaire, the relevant information of the questionnaire is automatically called out from the database, and then the answers of the subjects are recorded according to the number of the test questions. The system will automatically score and record the data based on the subjects' answers.
步骤5、无效问卷的情况可以在一定程度上反映受调查人群的耐心程度。若某份问卷中受试者答题的数目小于该份试题数目的70％，则视该份问卷结果无效，系统自动记录无效问卷编号和答题数目。统计完成后，若某类型问卷的数据量不足，则根据无效问卷的情况对每份问卷试题数量X进行调整，生成新的补充问卷。最后回收的新问卷结果作为补充数据，以同样的方法录入系统。Step 5. The status of invalid questionnaires can reflect the patience of the surveyed population to a certain extent. If the number of questions answered by the subjects in a certain questionnaire is less than 70% of the number of questions in the test, the result of the questionnaire will be considered invalid, and the system will automatically record the invalid questionnaire number and the number of questions answered. After the statistics are completed, if the amount of data in a certain type of questionnaire is insufficient, the number X of each questionnaire will be adjusted according to the situation of invalid questionnaires to generate a new supplementary questionnaire. Finally, the returned new questionnaire results are used as supplementary data and entered into the system in the same way.
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