CN110146860B - Remote radar calibration satellite system and calibration method thereof - Google Patents
Remote radar calibration satellite system and calibration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110146860B CN110146860B CN201910455644.2A CN201910455644A CN110146860B CN 110146860 B CN110146860 B CN 110146860B CN 201910455644 A CN201910455644 A CN 201910455644A CN 110146860 B CN110146860 B CN 110146860B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a remote radar calibration satellite system, which comprises: the measurement and control operation and control center is used for completing measurement and control tasks of satellite launching and an early orbit section, and measurement and control management and load data receiving tasks of a long-term operation section; the ground application system is used for calibrating satellite service planning, processing precise orbit data and issuing precise satellite orbits for users; the reflection type radar calibration satellite provides RCS reference and accurate position reference for calibration of ground reflection type radar equipment; the answering type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite provides an accurate position reference for ground answering type measurement and control equipment calibration. The invention can fully utilize the resources of the prior art, meet the calibration requirements of users to the maximum extent and actively expand the application range of calibration satellites. The invention can fully utilize the resources of the prior art, meet the calibration requirements of users to the maximum extent and actively expand the application range of calibration satellites.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to the field of radar calibration techniques. More particularly, the invention relates to a remote radar calibration satellite system and a calibration method thereof.
Background
The calibration satellite establishes a space-based target scattering characteristic reference and a target motion state reference, provides service for calibration and identification of ground detection equipment, and provides support for research and verification of detection technology.
The target scattering characteristic reference comprises a narrow-band radar scattering characteristic and a wide-band radar scattering characteristic. The main characteristic quantity of the narrow-band radar scattering characteristic is a radar scattering cross section (RCS), and the RCS reflects the scattering capacity of the whole target on radar electromagnetic waves and is the most basic target characteristic measurement parameter. The broadband radar scattering characteristics mainly comprise radar one-dimensional images and ISAR images, and accurate identification of targets is achieved. By establishing a broadband radar scattering characteristic standard of multiple scattering points, a comparison standard can be provided for broadband radar imaging performance identification. The object motion state reference comprises translation and micromotion of the object. The translation of the target comprises the time, the position and the speed of the target, acceleration and other states obtained based on the information processing, and the translation of the target represents the motion state of the whole target. The micro-motion is caused by the motion of a target component and comprises information such as rotation, vibration, precession, nutation and the like, and the target micro-motion represents the slight motion characteristic difference of different targets and has important significance for target identification.
The measurement data output by the detection equipment comprises a large amount of systematic errors, and the precision of the measurement data can be ensured only by correcting the measurement data in real time or afterwards through systematic error calibration. Before formal execution of tasks, newly-researched or newly-improved detection equipment needs to carry out inspection and identification, and whether various performance indexes of the newly-researched or newly-improved detection equipment meet design requirements or not and whether the equipment has conditions for executing the tasks or not is evaluated. The detection equipment inspection and identification comprises two parts of equipment dynamic performance inspection and dynamic precision identification. By utilizing the accurately known scattering characteristics and motion states of the calibration satellite, the method not only can provide support for the research of detection technologies such as orbit processing, radar signal processing, target identification and the like, but also can provide technical services for other application researches such as space atmospheric parameter inversion, earth gravity field parameter inversion, space link attenuation model modeling, navigation satellite system integrity monitoring and the like.
With the development of novel detection equipment, the existing identification and calibration method based on calibration towers, airplanes and RCS standard balls cannot completely meet the requirements of tasks, and the comprehensive comparison of various calibration methods is given in the following table 1.
However, the calibration method mainly has the following disadvantages:
firstly, the long-range radar calibration requirement can not be satisfied. In order to increase the operating distance of the equipment, the long-range radar generally works by adopting large-time-width pulses, the main working pulse width is in millisecond magnitude, and the distance blind area is more than one hundred kilometers. The calibration tower is generally built several kilometers away from the equipment; the flight height limit is realized during flight correction, and the distance between the airplane and equipment is generally within hundreds of kilometers; the flying RCS calibration ball can only reach the distance of dozens of kilometers, and the existing equipment is positioned in the working blind area of the remote radar.
Secondly, the dynamic calibration effect is limited. The fixed calibration tower is a static target, the construction height is limited, the calibration of the equipment can only be carried out under the low elevation angles of a plurality of fixed azimuths, the calibration cannot be carried out in the main working range of the equipment, and the characteristics of a plurality of coupling error items and error items related to the motion characteristic of the antenna cannot be accurately reflected. When the calibration ball is used for calibrating the RCS, the calibration calculation only adopts the theoretical RCS of the aluminum ball, and the radar scattering cross section of the balloon directly influences the accuracy of the calibration result.
And thirdly, the calibration requirement of the mobile equipment cannot be met. The calibration requirements of the mobile equipment in different mobile locations can not be met by building a calibration tower. In addition, in order to meet the requirements of far-field calibration and calibration elevation angle of equipment, the construction scale and cost of the calibration tower are larger and larger, and the technical feasibility and the economic feasibility of construction are not achieved after the construction scale exceeds a certain scale.
And fourthly, foreign station service cannot be provided. The method can only be implemented in China when the airplane is calibrated, needs to depend on domestic airports and flying troops, and cannot provide equipment inspection and identification services for foreign stations and ocean-going survey vessels.
Fifthly, the organization is complex to implement. The airplane flight correction, the calibration ball release and the like are all restricted by factors in multiple aspects such as weather, management, coordination, field selection, comprehensive guarantee and the like, the organization flow is complex, the organization coordination difficulty is high, and the flight correction activity is difficult to complete according to the preset time node.
Therefore, a novel calibration means is urgently needed, which can focus on the requirement of precision information guarantee, and an identification and calibration system formed based on a new generation of benchmark is needed, so that the system construction and capacity generation are accelerated, and the precision calibration is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a remote radar calibration satellite system and a calibration method thereof, which can give full play to the calibration efficiency of satellites, fully utilize the prior art resources, meet the calibration requirements of users to the maximum extent, actively expand the application range of calibration satellites, improve the application benefits and meet the calibration requirements of aerospace measurement and control systems in China.
The technical means for solving the problem is that the invention provides a remote radar calibration satellite system, which comprises:
and the measurement and control operation and control center is used for completing measurement and control tasks of calibration satellite transmission and an early orbit section, and measurement and control management and load data receiving tasks of a long-term operation section. The measurement and control operation and control system consists of an early task center, an on-track management center and a measurement and control communication network;
and the ground application system is used for finishing calibration satellite service planning, fine orbit data processing and issuing a fine satellite orbit for each user. The ground application system consists of a ground application center and a satellite broadcast data receiving station;
the calibration satellite comprises a reflection type radar calibration satellite and a response type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite; the reflection type radar calibration satellite provides RCS reference and accurate position reference for calibration of ground radar equipment and comprises a microsatellite platform and an effective load. The microsatellite platform comprises a structural mechanism component, an on-board computer component, a control component, a measurement and control data transmission component, a power supply component and a thermal control component; the payload comprises a luneberg, GNSS receiver. The answering type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite provides an accurate position reference for calibration of ground measurement and control equipment. Consists of a microsatellite platform and a payload. The microsatellite platform comprises a structural mechanism component, an on-board computer component, a control component, a measurement and control data transmission component, a power supply component and a thermal control component; the effective load comprises a calibration transponder, a laser corner reflector and a GNSS receiver.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the reflective radar calibration satellite and the response type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite respectively comprise two calibration modes of central service and autonomous calibration.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the reflection type radar calibration satellite further comprises the steps of conducting external measurement calibration according to the orbit determination data and the satellite attitude data, and conducting RCS calibration according to the attitude information and the RCS reference value.
The invention also provides a method for calibrating by using the remote radar calibration satellite system, which comprises the following steps when the reflection type radar calibration satellite works in a central service mode: a user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to satellite orbit forecast data issued by a ground application system to acquire measurement data; the satellite transit time measurement and control operation and control center receives attitude data on the satellite, stores and forwards original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver, preprocesses the original measurement data and sends the preprocessed original measurement data to the ground application system; the ground application system processes original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver to form orbit determination data and satellite attitude data which are issued to the outside together; and the user finishes equipment calibration or identification according to the satellite orbit determination data and the attitude data issued by the ground application system.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: when the reflection type radar calibration satellite works in the autonomous calibration mode, executing the following steps: a user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to satellite orbit forecast data issued by a ground application system to acquire measurement data; the satellite broadcasts real-time self-positioning and attitude data when passing a border, and a user utilizes the receiving terminal to autonomously receive the broadcast data to finish equipment calibration or identification.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: when the answering type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite works in a central service calibration mode, the following steps are executed: the working process of the center service mode specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that a user puts forward calibration requirements to a ground application system, the ground application system comprehensively stages the calibration requirements of each user, and an application service plan is made; the measurement and control operation and control center completes the control of the satellite-borne calibration responder according to the application service plan; a user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to the application service plan and satellite orbit forecast data issued by a ground application system to acquire measurement data; when the satellite passes through the border, the measurement and control operation and control center receives original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver stored and forwarded on the satellite, and the original measurement data is preprocessed and then sent to a ground application system; the ground application system processes original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver to form orbit determination data and externally releases the orbit determination data; and the user finishes equipment calibration or identification according to the satellite orbit determination data issued by the ground application system.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention: when the answering type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite works in an autonomous calibration mode, the following steps are executed: the method comprises the following steps that a user puts forward calibration requirements to a ground application system, the ground application system comprehensively stages the calibration requirements of each user, and an application service plan is made; the measurement and control operation and control system completes the control of the satellite-borne calibration responder according to the application service plan; a user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to the application service plan and satellite orbit forecast data issued by a ground application system to acquire measurement data; the satellite broadcasts data such as real-time self-positioning and attitude when passing a border, and a user utilizes the receiving terminal to autonomously receive the broadcast data to finish equipment calibration or identification.
The calibration satellite system and the calibration method thereof change the prior working mode and change the original planned task mode into a demand traction mode of 'who needs, uses and benefits'. The remote radar calibration satellite system is a nationwide common system, and no matter equipment development units or equipment use units, as long as calibration or identification requirements exist, the remote radar calibration satellite system can be automatically organized to calibrate the satellite in the satellite transit time period as long as the equipment has conditions, and the remote radar calibration satellite system is simple in processing flow and low in cost.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can also produce the following beneficial effects:
1) the design scheme of the pico-nano microsatellite is adopted, so that the development cost is reduced, the development period is shortened, and the development risk is reduced.
2) The method is characterized in that the application is taken as a core, and the integrated concept design is adopted.
3) The requirements of satellite measurement and control and application are considered comprehensively, and system design is optimized.
4) The key functional components of the satellite consider redundant backup, and the reliability of the whole satellite is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a long range radar calibration satellite system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a service mode of a reflection radar calibration satellite center according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a service mode of a calibration satellite center of the answering measurement and control equipment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an autonomous calibration mode of a reflective radar calibration satellite according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an autonomous calibration mode of a calibration satellite of the answering-type measurement and control device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention designs a remote radar calibration satellite system, which mainly comprises: a measurement and control operation and control center, a ground application system and a calibration satellite. The calibration satellite comprises a reflection type radar calibration satellite and a response type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite, 2 satellites are utilized, 1 satellite is the reflection type radar calibration satellite, 1 satellite is the response type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite, calibration services are respectively provided for a high-power reflection type radar and response type measurement and control equipment, the prior art resources are fully utilized, the calibration requirements of users are met to the maximum extent, and the application range of the calibration satellite is actively expanded.
And the measurement and control operation and control center is used for completing measurement and control tasks of calibration satellite launching and an early orbit section, and measurement and control management and load data receiving tasks of a long-term operation section.
The ground application system is used for completing calibration satellite service planning, fine orbit data processing and issuing a fine satellite orbit for each user.
The reflection type radar calibration satellite provides RCS reference and accurate position reference for calibration of ground radar equipment.
The answering type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite provides an accurate position reference for calibration of ground measurement and control equipment. Consists of a microsatellite platform and a payload.
Wherein, the function that reflection type radar calibration satellite possesses has:
1) a stable RCS measurement calibration source is provided using a microwave corner reflector.
2) A GNSS receiver is utilized to provide a necessary measuring means for calibrating the post high-precision orbit determination and real-time self-positioning of the satellite.
3) The system has the function of on-satellite storage of measured data, downloads stored data in case of crossing, and the ground application system completes high-precision orbit determination calculation of calibration satellites by using on-satellite storage and forwarding data and distributes high-precision orbit data to users.
4) The self-positioning data cross-border real-time broadcasting function is achieved, and users receive and apply the self-positioning data cross-border real-time broadcasting function according to needs.
Wherein, the function that answer formula measurement and control equipment mark school satellite possessed has:
1) the satellite-borne calibration transponder is utilized to provide a satellite cooperative target, is compatible with various frequency bands and various systems, and has the functions of on-orbit state remote control, program control setting and the like.
2) A GNSS receiver is utilized to provide a necessary measuring means for calibrating the post high-precision orbit determination and real-time self-positioning of the satellite.
3) The system has the function of on-satellite storage of measured data, downloads stored data in case of crossing, and the ground application system completes high-precision orbit determination calculation of calibration satellites by using on-satellite storage and forwarding data and distributes high-precision orbit data to users.
4) The self-positioning data cross-border real-time broadcasting function is achieved, and users receive and apply the self-positioning data cross-border real-time broadcasting function according to needs.
5) The laser corner reflector is used as a backup means for high-precision orbit determination afterwards.
According to the method, the method can be divided into two modes of central service and autonomous calibration according to the providing mode of calibration data. The central service mode is mainly used for providing high-precision satellite orbit determination data and related parameters for users by the ground application system in a unified manner after the fact aiming at the users with higher calibration precision requirements; the autonomous calibration mode is mainly used for receiving and applying data by users who have low calibration precision requirements and broadcasting moderate-precision self-positioning data and related parameters in real time when the satellite passes the border.
The invention also provides a calibration method based on the remote radar calibration satellite system, which comprises the following steps:
the reflective radar calibration satellite comprises two calibration modes, namely a central service mode and an autonomous calibration mode; the calibration satellite of the answering type measurement and control equipment comprises two calibration modes of central service and autonomous calibration; calibration is carried out based on different modes, the requirements of satellite measurement and control and application are considered comprehensively, and system design is optimized.
The reflective radar calibration satellite and the response type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite respectively comprise two calibration modes of central service and autonomous calibration. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) center service mode
The calibration process of the reflective measurement radar is shown in fig. 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and the user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to the satellite orbit forecast data issued by the ground application system to acquire the measurement data.
2) When the satellite passes through the border, the measurement and control operation and control system receives attitude data on the satellite, stores and forwards original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver, and sends the data to the ground application system after preprocessing.
3) And the ground application system processes the original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver to form high-precision orbit determination data and externally release the high-precision orbit determination data and the satellite attitude data.
4) And the user finishes calibration or identification of the equipment according to the data such as the satellite precise orbit, the attitude and the like issued by the ground application system.
The reflective radar calibration satellite further comprises the steps of performing outer side calibration according to the orbit determination data and the satellite attitude data, and performing RCS calibration according to the attitude information and the RCS reference value.
The calibration process of the answering type measurement and control equipment is shown in fig. 3, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the user puts forward calibration requirements to a ground application system, and the ground application system comprehensively stages the calibration requirements of each user and makes an application service plan.
2) And the measurement and control operation and control system completes the control of the satellite-borne calibration responder according to the application service plan.
3) And the user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to the application service plan and the satellite orbit forecast data issued by the ground application system to acquire the measurement data.
4) When the satellite passes through the border, the measurement and control operation and control system receives original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver stored and forwarded on the satellite, and the original measurement data is preprocessed and then sent to the ground application system.
5) And the ground application system processes the original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver to form high-precision orbit determination data and externally releases the high-precision orbit determination data.
6) And the user finishes equipment calibration or identification according to the satellite precise orbit issued by the ground application system.
(2) Autonomous calibration mode
The autonomous calibration mode of the reflective measurement radar is shown in fig. 4, and specifically includes:
1) and the user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to the satellite orbit forecast data issued by the ground application system to acquire the measurement data.
2) The satellite broadcasts data such as real-time self-positioning and attitude when passing a border, and a user utilizes the receiving terminal to autonomously receive the broadcast data to finish equipment calibration or identification.
The response type measurement and control equipment has an autonomous calibration mode as shown in fig. 5, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the user puts forward calibration requirements to a ground application system, and the ground application system comprehensively stages the calibration requirements of each user and makes an application service plan.
2) And the measurement and control operation and control system completes the control of the satellite-borne calibration responder according to the application service plan.
3) And the user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to the application service plan and the satellite orbit forecast data issued by the ground application system to acquire the measurement data.
4) The satellite broadcasts data such as real-time self-positioning and attitude when passing a border, and a user utilizes the receiving terminal to autonomously receive the broadcast data to finish equipment calibration or identification.
Therefore, the calibration satellite system of the invention changes the prior working mode and changes the original planned task mode into a demand traction mode of who needs, uses and benefits. The remote radar calibration satellite system is a nationwide common system, and no matter equipment development units or equipment use units, as long as calibration or identification requirements exist, the remote radar calibration satellite system can be automatically organized to calibrate the satellite in the satellite transit time period as long as the equipment has conditions, and the remote radar calibration satellite system is simple in processing flow and low in cost.
It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A remote radar calibration satellite system, comprising:
the measurement and control operation and control center is used for completing measurement and control tasks of calibration satellite transmission and an early orbit section, and measurement and control management and load data receiving tasks of a long-term operation section; the measurement and control operation and control center consists of an early task center, an on-track management center and a measurement and control communication network;
the ground application system is used for finishing calibration satellite service planning, fine orbit data processing and issuing a fine satellite orbit for each user; the ground application system consists of a ground application center and a satellite broadcast data receiving station;
the calibration satellite comprises a reflection type radar calibration satellite and a response type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite; the reflection type radar calibration satellite provides RCS reference and accurate position reference for calibration of ground radar equipment and consists of a micro-satellite platform and an effective load; the microsatellite platform comprises a structural mechanism component, an on-board computer component, a control component, a measurement and control data transmission component, a power supply component and a thermal control component; the payload comprises a luneberg ball and a GNSS receiver; the answering type measurement and control equipment calibration satellite is used for providing an accurate position reference for calibration of ground measurement and control equipment and consists of a microsatellite platform and an effective load; the microsatellite platform comprises a structural mechanism component, an on-board computer component, a control component, a measurement and control data transmission component, a power supply component and a thermal control component; the effective load comprises a calibration transponder, a laser corner reflector and a GNSS receiver.
2. The long-range radar calibration satellite system of claim 1, wherein the reflective radar calibration satellite and the responsive measurement and control device calibration satellite each include both a central service and an autonomous calibration mode.
3. The long-range radar calibration satellite system according to claim 2, wherein the central service mode is used for providing high-precision satellite orbit determination data and related parameters for users with higher calibration precision requirement in a subsequent unified manner by the ground application system; the autonomous calibration mode is used for broadcasting moderate-precision self-positioning data and related parameters in real time when a satellite passes a border aiming at users with low calibration precision requirements, and the users can receive and apply the data automatically.
4. The remote radar calibration satellite system of claim 1, wherein the reflective radar calibration satellite further comprises performing an external calibration according to the orbit determination data and the satellite attitude data, and performing an RCS calibration according to the attitude information and the RCS reference value.
5. A method of calibration using a remote radar calibration satellite system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising, when the reflective radar calibration satellite is operating in a centre service mode, performing the steps of:
a user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to satellite orbit forecast data issued by a ground application system to acquire measurement data;
the satellite transit time measurement and control operation and control center receives attitude data on the satellite, stores and forwards original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver, preprocesses the original measurement data and sends the preprocessed original measurement data to the ground application system;
the ground application system processes original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver to form orbit determination data and satellite attitude data which are issued to the outside together; and
and the user finishes equipment calibration or identification according to the satellite orbit determination data and the attitude data issued by the ground application system.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising performing the following steps when the reflective radar calibration satellite is operating in an autonomous calibration mode:
a user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to satellite orbit forecast data issued by a ground application system to acquire measurement data;
the satellite broadcasts real-time self-positioning and attitude data when passing a border, and a user utilizes the receiving terminal to autonomously receive the broadcast data to finish equipment calibration or identification.
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising, when the responsive measurement and control device calibration satellite is operating in a central service calibration mode, performing the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps that a user puts forward calibration requirements to a ground application system, the ground application system comprehensively stages the calibration requirements of each user, and an application service plan is made;
the measurement and control operation and control center completes the control of the satellite-borne calibration responder according to the application service plan;
a user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to the application service plan and satellite orbit forecast data issued by a ground application system to acquire measurement data;
when the satellite passes through the border, the measurement and control operation and control center receives original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver stored and forwarded on the satellite, and the original measurement data is preprocessed and then sent to a ground application system;
the ground application system processes original measurement data of the Beidou compatible receiver to form orbit determination data and externally releases the orbit determination data;
and the user finishes equipment calibration or identification according to the satellite orbit determination data issued by the ground application system.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising performing the following steps when the responsive measurement and control device calibration satellite is operating in an autonomous calibration mode:
the method comprises the following steps that a user puts forward calibration requirements to a ground application system, the ground application system comprehensively stages the calibration requirements of each user, and an application service plan is made;
the measurement and control operation and control center completes the control of the satellite-borne calibration responder according to the application service plan;
a user automatically tracks the calibration satellite according to the application service plan and satellite orbit forecast data issued by a ground application system to acquire measurement data; and
the satellite broadcasts real-time self-positioning data and attitude data when passing a border, and a user utilizes the receiving terminal to autonomously receive the broadcast data to finish equipment calibration or identification.
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| CN111483615B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-06-29 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Method for realizing pointing posture of quantum satellite to ground optical station |
| CN112434261B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2023-08-29 | 中国西安卫星测控中心 | Measurement and control equipment precision identification method based on calibration satellite |
| CN113252303B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-02-18 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Space-based compound eye camera load on-orbit test device and method |
| CN114050857A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-15 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Satellite using method based on authorization mode |
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