CN110146162B - Device and method for locking single photon intensity in real time - Google Patents
Device and method for locking single photon intensity in real time Download PDFInfo
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- CN110146162B CN110146162B CN201910540579.3A CN201910540579A CN110146162B CN 110146162 B CN110146162 B CN 110146162B CN 201910540579 A CN201910540579 A CN 201910540579A CN 110146162 B CN110146162 B CN 110146162B
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J11/00—Measuring the characteristics of individual optical pulses or of optical pulse trains
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4413—Type
- G01J2001/442—Single-photon detection or photon counting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/444—Compensating; Calibrating, e.g. dark current, temperature drift, noise reduction or baseline correction; Adjusting
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for locking single photon intensity in real time. The discrete single photon signal is converted into a TTL pulse signal through single photon detection, the photon counter carries out digital-to-analog conversion on the digital pulse signal and then outputs an analog voltage signal with corresponding amplitude, the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller carries out negative feedback operation on the analog voltage signal and a set reference voltage to output an error signal to be loaded to a bias control port of the intensity modulator, and the single photon intensity is locked to the set intensity in real time through continuous adjustment of the single photon intensity. The invention can effectively compress the intensity fluctuation of single photon, and solves the problem that the single photon intensity can not be locked and continuously tuned for output. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, strong practicability, high stability, tunable output and the like, and can be applied to the fields of quantum communication, sensing detection, quantum imaging and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lasers, in particular to a device and a method for locking single photon intensity in real time.
Background
At present, accurate locking of single photon intensity has very important significance in the fields of quantum communication, sensing detection, quantum imaging and the like. In the field of quantum communication, single photons are carriers for quantum information transmission, and the fluctuation of the single photon intensity can cause drift of the system bit rate, so that the safety of the system is reduced. In the field of sensing detection, single photon intensity fluctuations can reduce the accuracy and sensitivity of detection. In the field of quantum imaging, single photon intensity fluctuations can reduce imaging sharpness, causing the imaging to become blurred and information to be lost. How to lock the single photon intensities is of great interest to researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for locking single photon intensity in real time, which can lock the single photon intensity to a set intensity in real time.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a device for locking single photon intensity in real time comprises a laser, an isolator, an attenuator, an intensity modulator, an optical fiber intensity beam splitter, a single photon detector, a photon counter, an analog proportional-integral-derivative controller and an oscilloscope.
The laser output laser enters the optical fiber intensity beam splitter after sequentially passing through the isolator, the attenuator and the intensity modulator, a first output end of the optical fiber intensity beam splitter is connected with an input end of the single photon detector, a second output end of the optical fiber intensity beam splitter outputs laser (used for experimental study), an output end of the single photon detector is connected with an input end of the photon counter, an output end of the photon counter is respectively connected with an input end of the analog proportional integral differential controller and an input end of the oscilloscope, and an output end of the analog proportional integral differential controller is connected with a bias control end of the intensity modulator.
The method for locking the single photon intensity in real time by using the device comprises the following steps: the laser outputs continuous laser signals and outputs the continuous laser signals after passing through an isolator, the isolator has the function of preventing the reflected light of a rear optical device from entering the laser to cause instability, the output light passing through the isolator enters an attenuator to attenuate intensity to single photon magnitude, then discrete single photon signals enter an intensity modulator to be transmitted, the laser signal transmission efficiency is controlled by bias voltage of the intensity modulator, the output light passing through the intensity modulator enters an optical fiber intensity beam splitter to be divided into two beams, one beam of light is used for experimental research, the other beam of light enters a single photon detector, the single photon detector measures the single photon signals and converts the single photon signals into TTL pulse signals, the TTL pulse signals are input into a photon counter, the photon counter outputs corresponding analog voltage through digital-to-analog conversion within set integration time, and the analog voltage amplitude is in direct proportion to the discrete photon number, and then the analog voltage signal is input into an analog proportional integral derivative controller and is operated with reference voltage in the analog proportional integral derivative controller, an error signal is output by the analog proportional integral derivative controller and is loaded to a bias control port of the intensity modulator to adjust single photon transmission efficiency, the single photon detector converts the measured single photon signal into a TTL pulse signal to be output, the photon counter carries out digital-to-analog conversion on the digital pulse signal to output new analog voltage, the analog proportional integral derivative controller carries out comparison analysis on the measured new analog voltage and the reference voltage to obtain a new error signal, the new error signal is loaded to the bias control port of the intensity modulator to adjust the single photon transmission efficiency again, and the single photon intensity is continuously and circularly adjusted, so that the single photon intensity can be locked at the set intensity in real time. And then, adjusting parameters of the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller to enable the analog voltage fluctuation observed on the oscilloscope to be minimum, which means that the single photon intensity fluctuation is compressed to be minimum. And after the single photon intensity is locked, the tunable output of the single photon intensity can be realized by adjusting the reference voltage of the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller.
The invention converts discrete single photon signals into TTL pulse signals based on single photon detection, converts digital pulse signals into corresponding analog voltage output through a photon counter, utilizes an analog proportional-integral-derivative controller to carry out negative feedback operation on measured analog voltage and preset reference voltage to obtain error signals, loads the error signals to a bias port of an intensity modulator to continuously adjust single photon intensity, realizes closed-loop single photon intensity locking, effectively compresses intensity fluctuation of single photons, and can realize tunable output for locking single photon intensity.
The invention has reasonable design, provides a device and a method for locking single photon intensity in real time, and solves the problem that single photon intensity fluctuation cannot be effectively compressed and output with tunable locking intensity is achieved. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, strong practicability, high stability, tunable output and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the connection of the device according to the invention (dashed lines represent optical signals and solid lines represent electrical signals).
Fig. 2 shows the results of a test of the transmission efficiency of a laser signal through an intensity modulator as a function of bias voltage.
Fig. 3 shows the measurement results of the unlocked single photon intensity and the locked single photon intensity.
In the figure: 1-laser, 2-isolator, 3-attenuator, 4-intensity modulator, 5-optical fiber intensity beam splitter, 6-single photon detector, 7-photon counter, 8-analog proportional-integral-differential controller, 9-oscilloscope.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An apparatus for locking single photon intensity in real time comprises a laser 1, an isolator 2 (THORLABS, IO-G-1550), an attenuator 3 (THORLABS, VOA50 PM-APC), an intensity modulator 4 (CODON, mach-10), an optical fiber intensity beam splitter 5 (THORLABS, PN1550R5A 1), a single photon detector 6 (Princeton Lightwave, PGA), a photon counter 7 (SRS, SR 400), an analog proportional integral differential controller 8 (SRS, SIM 960), an oscilloscope 9 (YOKOGAWA, DLM 2054).
As shown in fig. 1, the laser 1 outputs 1550nm linear polarized laser, sequentially passes through the isolator 2, the attenuator 3 and the intensity modulator 4 and then enters the 50:50 optical fiber intensity beam splitter 5, a first output end of the optical fiber intensity beam splitter 5 is connected with an input end of the single photon detector 6, a second output end of the optical fiber intensity beam splitter 5 outputs laser for experimental study, an output end of the single photon detector 6 is connected with an input end of the photon counter 7, an output end of the photon counter 7 is respectively connected with input ends of the analog proportional integral differential controller 8 and the oscilloscope 9, and an output end of the analog proportional integral differential controller 8 is connected with a bias control end of the intensity modulator 4.
The method for locking the single photon intensity in real time by using the device comprises the following steps: the laser 1 outputs continuous linear polarization laser signals, the continuous linear polarization laser signals are output after passing through an isolator 2, the isolator is used for preventing the reflected light of a back optical device from entering the laser to cause instability, the output light of the isolator 2 enters an attenuator 3 to attenuate intensity to single photon magnitude, the average photon number is about 0.01, then discrete single photon signals enter an intensity modulator 4 to be transmitted, the laser signal transmission efficiency is controlled by bias voltage of the intensity modulator 4, fig. 2 shows the test result that the transmission efficiency of the laser signals passing through the intensity modulator 4 changes along with the bias voltage, the laser signals are selectively locked in a linear working area of the intensity modulator 4, the output light of the intensity modulator 4 enters an optical fiber intensity beam splitter 5 to be divided into two beams, one beam of light is used for experimental research, the other beam of light enters a single photon detector 6, the single photon detector 6 is used for measuring single photon signals and converting the single photon signals into TTL pulse signals, the pulse numbers are proportional to the input light intensity, then the digital pulse signals enter a photon counter 7, the photon counter 7 is used for counting the digital pulse numbers in set integration time and outputting corresponding analog voltages through digital-to analog digital conversion, the digital pulse statistics in the set integration time, the output analog voltage amplitude is proportional to the discrete analog voltage, and then the analog voltage is proportional to the analog voltage and the analog voltage is input to the analog voltage controller 8 and the analog voltage to be compared with the analog voltage to the analog differential controller 8 to generate an analog differential reference value to be compared and the analog error to the analog error 8. The bias voltage of the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller 8 is regulated to be-2.4V, so that an output error signal is positioned in a linear working area of the intensity modulator 4 to regulate the transmission efficiency of the single photon, and if the analog voltage amplitude is larger than the reference voltage amplitude, the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller 8 reduces the error signal amplitude to lower the transmission efficiency of the single photon; if the analog voltage amplitude is smaller than the reference voltage amplitude, the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller 8 increases the error signal amplitude to increase the single photon transmission efficiency, the single photon detector 6 converts the measured single photon signal into TTL pulse signal to output, the photon counter 7 performs digital-to-analog conversion on the digital pulse signal to output new analog voltage, the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller 8 performs comparison analysis on the measured new analog voltage and the reference voltage to obtain a new error signal, the new error signal is loaded to the bias control port of the intensity modulator 4 to adjust the single photon intensity again, and the single photon intensity can be locked to the set intensity by repeated cycles. After locking, the analog voltage fluctuation observed on the oscilloscope 9 is minimized by adjusting the parameters of the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller 8, so that the intensity fluctuation of single photons can be minimized. In the experiment, the single photon intensity to be locked is 600k, and the reference voltage of the proportional-integral-derivative is set to be 0.6V. Fig. 3 shows the measurement results of the unlocked single photon intensity and the locked single photon intensity, and it can be seen that the single photon intensity randomly changes due to external environment random disturbance, instrument defects and the like when the intensity locking is not performed, and when the negative feedback closed loop locking is performed, the feedback system can effectively compress the intensity fluctuation of the single photon, and the single photon intensity fluctuation is less than 4% in 1800 s.
The invention converts discrete single photon signals into TTL pulse signals based on single photon detection, converts digital pulse signals into analog voltage output through a photon counter, utilizes an analog proportional-integral-derivative controller to carry out negative feedback operation on measured analog voltage and preset reference voltage to obtain error signals, loads the error signals to a bias port of an intensity modulator to continuously adjust the transmission efficiency of single photons, realizes closed-loop single photon intensity locking, effectively compresses intensity fluctuation of single photons, and can realize tunable output for locking single photon intensity.
The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, strong practicability, high stability, tunable output and the like, and can be applied to the fields of quantum communication, coherent detection, quantum imaging and the like.
It should be noted that modifications and applications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention, which are also considered as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A device for locking single photon intensity in real time, characterized in that: the device comprises a laser (1), an isolator (2), an attenuator (3), an intensity modulator (4), an optical fiber intensity beam splitter (5), a single photon detector (6), a photon counter (7), an analog proportional-integral-derivative controller (8) and an oscilloscope (9);
the laser device comprises an isolator (2), an attenuator (3) and an intensity modulator (4), wherein laser light output by the laser device (1) sequentially passes through the isolator, the attenuator and the intensity modulator (4) and then enters an optical fiber intensity beam splitter (5), a first output end of the optical fiber intensity beam splitter (5) is connected with an input end of a single-photon detector (6), a second output end of the optical fiber intensity beam splitter (5) outputs laser light, an output end of the single-photon detector (6) is connected with an input end of a photon counter (7), an output end of the photon counter (7) is respectively connected with an input end of an analog proportional-integral-derivative controller (8) and an input end of an oscilloscope (9), and an output end of the analog proportional-integral-derivative controller (8) is connected with a bias control end of the intensity modulator (4);
the method for locking the single photon intensity in real time is as follows: the laser (1) outputs continuous laser signals after passing through the isolator (2), the output light passing through the isolator (2) enters the attenuator (3) to attenuate intensity to single photon magnitude, then discrete single photon signals enter the intensity modulator (4) to be transmitted, the output light passing through the intensity modulator (4) enters the optical fiber intensity beam splitter (5) to be divided into two beams, one beam of light is used for experimental study, the other beam of light enters the single photon detector (6), the single photon detector (6) measures the single photon signals and converts the single photon signals into TTL pulse signals, the TTL pulse signals are input into the photon counter (7), the photon counter (7) outputs corresponding analog voltages through digital-to-analog conversion in set integration time, the analog voltage amplitude is in direct proportion to the discrete photon number, then the analog voltage signals are input into the analog proportional-to-differential controller (8) and are operated with reference voltages in the analog proportional-integral-differential controller (8), the output error signals of the analog proportional-integral-differential controller (8) are loaded to bias control ports of the intensity modulator (4) to adjust the single photon transmission efficiency, the single photon signals are converted into the TTL pulse signals, the digital-to be output into the TTL pulse signals, the digital-to be converted into the analog pulse signals, the new digital-to be compared with the analog-differential voltage to obtain new analog voltage signals, and the new analog-analog voltage is compared with the analog voltage to be output to the analog voltage to be compared with the analog voltage to be compared, loading a new error signal to a bias control port of the intensity modulator (4) to adjust the single photon transmission efficiency again, so that the single photon intensity can be locked at the set intensity in real time by continuously and circularly adjusting the single photon intensity; the parameters of the analog pid controller (8) were then adjusted to minimize the analog voltage fluctuations observed on the oscilloscope (9), indicating that the single photon intensity fluctuations were minimized.
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| CN111327366B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2024-04-12 | 忻州师范学院 | System and method for fast locking minimum bias point of electro-optic intensity modulator |
| CN111679459B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2023-04-25 | 合肥师范学院 | Proportion-adjustable single photon beam splitter based on cold atom storage |
| CN111896096B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-12-21 | 太原理工大学 | Device for accurately measuring mechanical vibration by utilizing photon counter |
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| GB9414465D0 (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1994-09-07 | Lawrence M | A method of stabilising or locking to a reference the output intensity and or output frequency of an optical light source |
| KR20010076611A (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-16 | 오길록 | Opto-electronic Hybrid Apparatus and Method for Optical Clock Recovery |
| CN105973277A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-09-28 | 华南师范大学 | Realization apparatus and method for distributed optical fiber sensing system based on single photon detection |
| CN109193323A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-11 | 忻州师范学院 | Lock the device and method of optical communicating waveband twin-laser frequency |
| CN209820629U (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-12-20 | 忻州师范学院 | Device for locking single photon intensity in real time |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9414465D0 (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1994-09-07 | Lawrence M | A method of stabilising or locking to a reference the output intensity and or output frequency of an optical light source |
| KR20010076611A (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-16 | 오길록 | Opto-electronic Hybrid Apparatus and Method for Optical Clock Recovery |
| CN105973277A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-09-28 | 华南师范大学 | Realization apparatus and method for distributed optical fiber sensing system based on single photon detection |
| CN109193323A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-11 | 忻州师范学院 | Lock the device and method of optical communicating waveband twin-laser frequency |
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