CN110146039B - Positioning device for central axis of round hole - Google Patents

Positioning device for central axis of round hole Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110146039B
CN110146039B CN201910403074.2A CN201910403074A CN110146039B CN 110146039 B CN110146039 B CN 110146039B CN 201910403074 A CN201910403074 A CN 201910403074A CN 110146039 B CN110146039 B CN 110146039B
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China
Prior art keywords
centering shaft
round table
conical round
handed
measuring
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110146039A (en
Inventor
郭燕
赵海峰
吴昊
旺晓东
崔吉
石孙美
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Nanjing Vocational College Of Information Technology
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Nanjing Vocational College Of Information Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B11/27Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B11/27Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B11/272Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes using photoelectric detection means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/22Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B21/24Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing alignment of axes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a positioning device for a central axis of a round hole, which comprises a sleeve, a driving motor, a centering shaft, a left conical round table, a right conical round table, a left-handed nut, a pressure spring and a plurality of measuring heads. The left conical round table, the pressure spring, the left-handed nut and the right conical round table are sleeved on the centering shaft in sequence, and the large ends of the left conical round table and the right conical round table are opposite; the centering shaft is provided with left-handed threads and right-handed threads, the left conical round table is in sliding connection with the centering shaft, the left-handed nut is in transmission connection with the left-handed threads of the centering shaft, and the right conical round table is in transmission connection with the right-handed threads of the centering shaft; one end of the pressure spring is propped against the left conical round table, and the other end is propped against the left-handed nut; the measuring heads are arranged in the axial sliding grooves of the left conical round table and the right conical round table through the sliding blocks, and the upper ends of the measuring heads penetrate through the sleeve supporting cylinder and are connected with the inner wall of the processing deep hole. The invention overcomes the defect that the prior measuring tool can not conveniently carry out in-hole measurement and adjustment, can realize the accurate positioning of the central axis of the round hole, and provides a basis for the adjustment of the subsequent deep hole processing tool.

Description

Positioning device for central axis of round hole
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a positioning device for a central axis of a round hole, which can be used for detecting and correcting the straightness of the central axis of deep hole machining and measuring the central position of a hole part in the installation process of large equipment.
Background
Deep hole processing is widely applied in the mechanical industry, such as hydraulic cylinders, oil exchange pump pipes, gun barrels, mechanical equipment shells and the like, and the processed deep hole parts are often matched with other shaft and hole parts to realize the overall functions of the equipment. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the axial straightness of the hole parts during the machining process.
At present, in the deep hole machining process, due to the limitation of geometric shapes, a measuring tool cannot be conveniently operated and adjusted in the deep hole machining process, so that how to quickly and accurately determine the straight line position of the central axis of the deep hole and the deep hole straightness detection are current research hot spots.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the existing measuring tool cannot conveniently measure and adjust in the deep hole. The invention aims to provide a round hole center positioning device which can realize the accurate positioning of the central axis of a round hole and provide a basis for the subsequent adjustment of a deep hole machining tool.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A positioning device for a central axis of a round hole comprises a sleeve, a driving motor, a centering shaft, a left conical round table, a right conical round table, a left-handed nut, a pressure spring and a plurality of measuring heads; the outer side walls of the left end and the right end of the sleeve are respectively provided with three radial supporting cylinders which are uniformly distributed; the centering shaft is rotatably arranged at the center part of the sleeve, two ends of the centering shaft extend out of the sleeve, one end of the extending end of the centering shaft is connected with the driving motor, the left side of the centering shaft is provided with a left-handed thread part and a smooth cylindrical part, and the right side of the centering shaft is provided with a right-handed thread part; the left conical round table, the pressure spring, the left-handed nut and the right conical round table are sleeved on the centering shaft in sequence, and the left conical round table is opposite to the large end of the right conical round table; the left conical round table is in sliding connection with the smooth cylindrical part of the centering shaft, the left-handed nut is in screw transmission connection with the left-handed thread part of the centering shaft, and the right conical round table is in screw transmission connection with the right-handed thread part of the centering shaft; one end of the pressure spring is propped against the small end face of the left conical round table, and the other end is propped against the left-handed nut; three uniformly distributed axial sliding grooves are respectively arranged on the conical surfaces of the left conical round table and the right conical round table, and sliding rails are arranged in the axial sliding grooves; the three measuring heads are arranged in the three axial sliding grooves of the left conical round table one by one through the sliding blocks, the upper ends of the measuring heads can pass through the supporting cylinder in a sliding manner, and the heads of the measuring heads are connected with the inner wall of the processing deep hole; the three measuring heads are arranged in the axial sliding grooves of the right conical round table one by one through the sliding blocks, the upper ends of the measuring heads can pass through the supporting cylinder in a sliding manner, and the heads of the measuring heads are connected with the inner wall of the processing deep hole; the sliding block drives the measuring head to slide along the sliding rail.
Further, the device also comprises a laser emitter and a photoelectric detector; the other end of the stretching end of the centering shaft is provided with a laser emitter, and the photoelectric detector is arranged outside the deep hole to be processed and used for receiving laser emitted by the laser emitter. And (3) irradiating laser to the photoelectric detector by using a laser emitter arranged on the centering shaft, and measuring the current axial position of the deep hole. And if the axis position of the currently processed deep hole is deviated relative to the initial position, the cutter can be adjusted by the deviation data to correct the deviation.
In order to prevent the left-handed nut from rotating along with the centering shaft when the centering shaft rotates, the left-handed nut is preferably provided with a positioning rod, the inner side wall of the sleeve is provided with an axial positioning groove, and the positioning rod slides in the axial positioning groove. The locating rod limits the circumferential rotation of the left-handed nut, so that the work is more reliable.
In order to facilitate assembly and adapt to pipelines with different diameters, the measuring head preferably comprises a fixed measuring rod and a movable measuring head, the fixed measuring rod is in threaded connection with the movable measuring head, the head of the movable measuring head is connected with the inner surface of the sleeve, and the bottom of the fixed measuring rod is connected with the sliding block.
For convenient assembly, preferably, the fixed measuring rod is connected with the sliding block through a triangular supporting block, and the bottom surface of the triangular supporting block is attached to the upper surface of the sliding block.
In order to reduce the friction between the left conical frustum and the centering shaft, the left conical frustum is preferably slidingly connected to the centering shaft by means of a linear bearing.
In order to improve positioning accuracy, it is preferable that the pitch of the left-hand thread portion of the centering shaft is larger than the pitch of the right-hand thread portion thereof, and the pitch of the left-hand nut is larger than the pitch of the right-hand cone. When the centering shaft is driven by the driving motor to rotate, the right conical round table moves to the right at a speed greater than that of the left-handed nut to the left, the right measuring rod stretches out firstly, the left measuring rod stretches out later, and positioning interference generated when the left measuring rod and the right measuring rod stretch out simultaneously is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The defect that the conventional measuring tool cannot conveniently measure and adjust the hole is overcome, the accurate positioning of the central axis of the round hole can be realized, and a basis is provided for the adjustment of a subsequent deep hole processing cutter.
2. The device can realize flexible positioning through the arrangement of the left-handed nut and the pressure spring, and has high positioning precision.
3. The operation is simple and convenient, and the reliability is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the mounting structure of the positioning device of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a sleeve of the positioning device of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a left-hand nut of the positioning device of embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing the left conical frustum of the positioning apparatus of embodiment 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the right cone frustum of the positioning device of embodiment 1.
In the figure:
1. Sleeve, 2, end cover, 3, centering shaft driving motor, 4, slide rail, 5, slider, 6, triangle supporting shoe, 7, fixed measuring rod, 8, movable gauge head, 9, support section of thick bamboo, 10, right cone round platform, 11, left-hand nut, 12, pressure spring, 13, left cone round platform, 14, linear bearing, 15, centering shaft, 16, laser emitter, 17, photoelectric detector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings and a preferred embodiment.
In the following description, the left side of the positioning device shown in fig. 1 is referred to as "left" and vice versa, with reference to the orientation of the positioning device shown in fig. 1.
Embodiment 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a positioning device for a central axis of a round hole comprises a sleeve 1, an end cover 2, a driving motor 3, a sliding rail 4, a sliding block 5, a triangular supporting block 6, a fixed measuring rod 7, a movable measuring head 8, a supporting cylinder 9, a right conical round table 10, a left-handed nut 11, a pressure spring 12, a left conical round table 13, a linear bearing 14, a centering shaft 15, a laser emitter 16 and a photoelectric detector 17.
The sleeve 1 is a cylinder with a bottom, and the open end is detachably connected with the end cover 2 through threads. The sleeve bottom and the center of the end cover 2 are axially provided with centering shaft mounting holes. Three movable measuring head mounting holes are uniformly distributed on the circumferential side walls of the left end and the right end of the sleeve 1 respectively, a supporting cylinder 9 is radially arranged on the outer side of each movable measuring head mounting hole, and the inner diameter of the supporting cylinder 9 is matched with the outer diameter of the movable measuring head 8. The inner side wall of the sleeve 1 is provided with a T-shaped positioning groove 1-1 in the axial direction.
The centering shaft 15 is cylindrical, the left side of the centering shaft is provided with a smooth cylindrical part and a left-handed thread part, the smooth cylindrical part is arranged at the left end of the centering shaft and is connected with the left-handed thread part, the right side of the centering shaft is provided with a right-handed thread part, and the pitch of the left-handed thread part is larger than that of the right-handed thread part.
The left-hand nut 11 is a hexagonal nut, the internal thread of which is adapted to the external thread of the left-hand threaded portion of the centering shaft 15. The outer circumferential surface of the left-hand nut 10 is radially connected with a positioning rod 111, and the positioning rod 111 and the left-hand nut 11 can be fixedly connected together by welding or threaded connection. The head of the positioning rod 111 is provided with a T-shaped positioning part which is matched with the T-shaped positioning groove 1-1 of the sleeve 1, and the positioning rod 111 slides in the T-shaped positioning groove 1-1.
The left conical round table 13 is a solid conical round table, a through hole 131 is axially formed in the center of the left conical round table, a linear bearing 14 is sleeved in the through hole 131, and the inner diameter of the linear bearing 14 is matched with the outer diameter of the smooth cylindrical part of the centering shaft 15. Three rectangular through grooves 132 are uniformly formed in the conical surface of the left conical round table 13 along the bus direction, and sliding rails 4 are arranged in the rectangular through grooves 132.
The right conical round table 10 is a solid conical round table, a threaded through hole 101 is axially formed in the center of the right conical round table, and internal threads of the threaded through hole 101 are matched with external threads of a right-handed threaded portion of the centering shaft 15. The conical surface of the right conical round table 10 is uniformly provided with three rectangular through grooves 102 along the direction of the bus, and the sliding rail 4 is arranged in the rectangular through grooves 102.
In this embodiment, the measuring head is composed of a movable measuring head 8, a fixed measuring rod 7 and a triangular supporting block 6. The movable measuring head 8 and the fixed measuring rod 7 are cylindrical, the head of the movable measuring head 8 is spherical, the movable measuring head 8 is in threaded connection with the fixed measuring rod 7, the bottom of the fixed measuring rod 7 is in threaded connection with the triangular support block 6, the bottom surface of the triangular support block 6 is an inclined surface, the bottom surface of the triangular support block 6 is bonded with the top surface of the sliding block 5, and the sliding block 5 is matched with the sliding rail 4.
The positioning device of embodiment 1 is assembled in the following manner:
the centering shaft 15 passes through the centering shaft mounting holes of the sleeve 1 and the end cover 2 and is rotatably arranged in the inner cavity of the sleeve 1 through a bearing, two ends of the centering shaft extend out of the sleeve 1, and one extending end is connected with the output shaft of the driving motor 3 and is driven to rotate by the driving motor 3; the other protruding end is provided with a laser emitter 16, the emitting head of the laser emitter 16 faces outward, and the laser beam thereof is emitted along the axis of the centering shaft 15. The laser emitter 16 is a prior art, in this embodiment, a 980nm infrared point emitter of a high power laser of model FU980AD100-BC10 mw of Fu980AD100-BC10 mw of Shenzhen Furadium technology Co., ltd.
The left conical round table 13, the pressure spring 12, the left-handed nut 11 and the right conical round table 10 are sequentially sleeved on the centering shaft 15. The left conical round table 13 is opposite to the large end of the right conical round table 10 and symmetrically arranged. The left conical round table 13 is slidingly connected with the smooth cylindrical portion of the centering shaft 15. The left-hand nut 11 is in screw driving connection with the left-hand thread part of the centering shaft 15, and the T-shaped positioning part of the positioning rod 111 of the left-hand nut 11 is positioned in the T-shaped positioning groove of the sleeve 1. The right cone-shaped round table 10 is in screw transmission connection with a right-handed thread part of the centering shaft 15. One end of the pressure spring 12 abuts against the small end face of the left conical round table 13, and the other end abuts against the left-handed nut 11. The three measuring heads on the left side are arranged in the three axial sliding grooves 132 of the left conical round table 13 one by one through the sliding blocks 5, the three measuring heads on the right side are arranged in the three axial sliding grooves 102 of the right conical round table 10 one by one through the sliding blocks 5, the movable measuring heads 8 of all the measuring heads are contracted in the supporting cylinder 9, and the spherical heads of the movable measuring heads are outwards.
The positioning device of embodiment 1 works as follows:
In operation, the assembled positioning device is placed in the center of the deep hole, and the photodetector 17 is mounted outside the deep hole and directly faces the laser emitter 16. The driving motor 3 is started to drive the centering shaft 15 to rotate, a right-handed thread part on the centering shaft 15 drives the right conical round table to move rightwards along the centering shaft, the sliding block 5 slides along the sliding rail 4 from the small end to the large end of the right conical round table, the right measuring head generates radial displacement, the right three movable measuring rods 8 extend out of the supporting cylinder 9 at first, and the spherical heads of the right three movable measuring rods 8 are propped against the inner wall of a processing deep hole; meanwhile, the left-handed thread part of the centering shaft 15 drives the left-handed nut 11 to move left along the axial direction of the centering shaft, the left-handed nut 11 compresses the pressure spring 12, the left conical round table is driven by the spring force of the pressure spring to move left along the axial direction of the centering shaft, the movable measuring heads 8 of the three measuring heads on the left side are driven to extend out of the supporting cylinder 9, and the pitch of the left-handed thread part of the centering shaft 15 is larger than that of the right-handed thread part of the centering shaft 15, so that when the movable measuring head on the right side is contacted with the inner wall of a processing deep hole, the movable measuring heads on the left side are contacted, and flexible contact of the measuring heads is formed. At this time, the axis centering function of the current position of the deep hole can be realized through 6 measuring heads distributed circumferentially, and the current axis position of the deep hole is measured by irradiating laser to the photoelectric detector 17 through the laser emitter 16 arranged on the centering shaft. And if the axis position of the currently processed deep hole is deviated relative to the initial position, the cutter can be adjusted by the deviation data to correct the deviation.
The laser emitter 16 is a prior art, and in this embodiment, a type of infrared point emitter of 980nm of a high-power laser of FU980AD100-BC10 mw is selected from Shenzhen Furadium technologies, inc.
Parts of the above description not specifically described are either prior art or may be implemented by prior art.

Claims (5)

1. The positioning method of the central axis of the round hole is characterized by using a positioning device, wherein the positioning device comprises a sleeve, a driving motor, a centering shaft, a left conical round table, a right conical round table, a left-handed nut, a pressure spring and a plurality of measuring heads; the outer side walls of the left end and the right end of the sleeve are respectively provided with three radial supporting cylinders which are uniformly distributed; the centering shaft is rotatably arranged at the center part of the sleeve, two ends of the centering shaft extend out of the sleeve, one end of the extending end of the centering shaft is connected with the driving motor, the left side of the centering shaft is provided with a left-handed thread part and a smooth cylindrical part, and the right side of the centering shaft is provided with a right-handed thread part; the left conical round table, the pressure spring, the left-handed nut and the right conical round table are sleeved on the centering shaft in sequence, and the left conical round table is opposite to the large end of the right conical round table; the left conical round table is in sliding connection with the smooth cylindrical part of the centering shaft, the left-handed nut is in screw transmission connection with the left-handed thread part of the centering shaft, and the right conical round table is in screw transmission connection with the right-handed thread part of the centering shaft; one end of the pressure spring is propped against the small end face of the left conical round table, and the other end is propped against the left-handed nut; three uniformly distributed axial sliding grooves are respectively arranged on the conical surfaces of the left conical round table and the right conical round table, and sliding rails are arranged in the axial sliding grooves; the three measuring heads are arranged in the three axial sliding grooves of the left conical round table one by one through the sliding blocks, the upper ends of the measuring heads can pass through the supporting cylinder in a sliding manner, and the heads of the measuring heads are connected with the inner wall of the processing deep hole; the three measuring heads are arranged in the axial sliding grooves of the right conical round table one by one through the sliding blocks, the upper ends of the measuring heads can pass through the supporting cylinder in a sliding manner, and the heads of the measuring heads are connected with the inner wall of the processing deep hole; the sliding block drives the measuring head to slide along the sliding rail;
The measuring head comprises a fixed measuring rod and a movable measuring head, the fixed measuring rod is in threaded connection with the movable measuring head, the head of the movable measuring head is connected with the inner surface of the sleeve, and the bottom of the fixed measuring rod is connected with the sliding block;
The pitch of the left-handed thread part of the centering shaft is larger than that of the right-handed thread part of the centering shaft, and the pitch of the left-handed nut is larger than that of the right-handed conical truncated cone;
the method for positioning by using the positioning device comprises the following steps:
The assembled positioning device is arranged at the center part of a deep hole to be processed, a driving motor is started to drive a centering shaft to rotate, a right-handed thread part on the centering shaft drives a right conical round table to move rightwards along the centering shaft, a sliding block slides along a sliding rail from the small end to the large end of the right conical round table, a right measuring head generates radial displacement, three movable measuring heads on the right side extend out of a supporting cylinder at first, and a spherical head abuts against the inner wall of the deep hole to be processed; meanwhile, the left-handed thread part of the centering shaft drives the left-handed nut to move leftwards along the centering shaft, the left-handed nut compresses the pressure spring, the left conical round table moves leftwards along the centering shaft under the pushing of the spring force of the pressure spring to drive the movable measuring heads of the three measuring heads on the left side to extend out of the supporting cylinder, and the pitch of the left-handed thread part of the centering shaft is larger than that of the right-handed thread part of the centering shaft, so that when the movable measuring head on the right side is contacted with the inner wall of the processing deep hole, the movable measuring heads on the left side are contacted, and therefore flexible contact of the measuring heads is formed.
2. The positioning method of claim 1, further comprising a laser emitter and a photodetector; the other end of the stretching end of the centering shaft is provided with a laser emitter, and the photoelectric detector is arranged outside the deep hole to be processed and used for receiving laser emitted by the laser emitter.
3. The positioning method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the left-handed nut is provided with a positioning rod, the inner side wall of the sleeve is provided with an axial positioning groove, and the positioning rod slides in the axial positioning groove.
4. The positioning method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed measuring bar is connected with the slide block through a triangular support block, and the bottom surface of the triangular support block is attached to the upper surface of the slide block.
5. Positioning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the left cone table is slidingly connected to the centering shaft by means of a linear bearing.
CN201910403074.2A 2019-05-15 2019-05-15 Positioning device for central axis of round hole Active CN110146039B (en)

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CN109990740A (en) * 2019-04-30 2019-07-09 南京信息职业技术学院 Robot for measuring linearity of stepped hole
CN110954046A (en) * 2019-11-05 2020-04-03 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 Automatic taper hole centering device and taper hole taper measuring method thereof
CN110954037B (en) * 2019-12-13 2021-11-02 天津大学 Scanning measuring device and method for deep hole axis
CN113587841A (en) * 2021-08-11 2021-11-02 东北大学 Quick centering type blast hole measuring device
CN114812460B (en) * 2022-03-31 2024-06-21 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 Auxiliary measuring device and measuring method for automobile body hole site

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