CN110142861B

CN110142861B - Ceramic mould

Info

Publication number: CN110142861B
Application number: CN201910463461.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖玉琴; 张本玲; 李姝�; 冯正杰
Original assignee: Anhui Zhihuihe Technology Service Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Zhihuihe Technology Service Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-30
Filing date: 2019-05-30
Publication date: 2021-06-01
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-30
Also published as: CN110142861A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic production and processing, and particularly relates to a ceramic mold which comprises an annular mold sleeve made of elastic materials, and a top plate and a bottom plate which are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the annular mold sleeve; the bottom plate is provided with an inflation unit, and the inflation unit comprises an air passage arranged in the bottom plate and an air inlet and an air outlet arranged at two ends of the air passage; the gas outlet department is equipped with movable chock, movable chock is assembled to be can switch at following two station pieces: a first station, wherein a movable chock block is blocked on the air outlet and is used as a part of the inner wall of the cavity; and in the second working position, the movable chock block is removed from the air outlet so that the air passage is communicated with the cavity. The ceramic mould can be filled with high-pressure gas from the bottom, and the inflation pipeline can be automatically opened and closed, so that the mould forming quality is ensured, the mould inflation operation process is simplified, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Ceramic mould

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic production and processing, and particularly relates to a ceramic mold.

Background

The batch production of ceramic utensils mainly makes the base through the mould shaping mode, and mould shaping technology mainly has two kinds of realization methods of mud shaping and dry powder shaping, these two kinds of shaping modes body all can produce the adhesion of different degree with the die cavity inner wall when the drawing of patterns, be unfavorable for the drawing of patterns, consequently adopt the manual work to inflate the pressurization to mould inside and make body and die cavity inner wall fully separate among the prior art, then carry out the drawing of patterns again, however this kind of manual operation mode wastes time and energy, production efficiency is not high, be difficult to adapt to the mass production demand.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ceramic mould which is convenient for separating a porcelain blank from the mould.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a ceramic mould comprises an annular mould sleeve made of elastic materials, and a top plate and a bottom plate which are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the annular mould sleeve, wherein the annular mould sleeve, the top plate and the bottom plate jointly enclose a cavity for containing ceramic powder and a blank; the bottom plate is provided with an inflation unit, the inflation unit comprises an air passage arranged in the bottom plate, and an air inlet and an air outlet which are arranged at two ends of the air passage, the air inlet is positioned on the bottom surface of the bottom plate, and the air outlet is positioned on the top surface of the bottom plate and is arranged corresponding to the inner annular surface of the annular die sleeve; the gas outlet department is equipped with movable chock, movable chock is assembled to be can switch at following two station pieces: a first station, wherein a movable chock block is blocked on the air outlet and is used as a part of the inner wall of the cavity; and in the second working position, the movable chock block is removed from the air outlet so that the air passage is communicated with the cavity.

The bottom plate is also internally provided with a linkage unit which is assembled to drive the movable plug block at the first station to the second station when the air passage is communicated with the high-pressure air source, and the movable plug block can be reset to the first station from the second station when the air passage is disconnected with the high-pressure air source.

The movable chock is annular, the movable chock is movably arranged in an annular groove formed in the bottom plate along the vertical direction, and the air channel is communicated with the side wall of the annular groove.

Protruding the stretching in the interior anchor ring face of activity chock is provided with an annular piston, annular piston with the piston chamber of seting up on the annular lateral wall constitutes sliding fit, be equipped with the branch gas circuit with annular piston upside piston chamber intercommunication on the air flue, can drive the activity chock and move down when the branch gas circuit pressurizes the piston chamber.

An elastic unit is further arranged between the movable chock block and the bottom plate and is assembled to drive the movable chock block to move upwards when the piston cavity is decompressed.

The outer ring surface of the movable chock is provided with an annular limiting plate, the side wall of the annular groove is provided with a limiting groove matched with the annular limiting plate, and the elastic unit comprises a third pressure spring arranged below the annular limiting plate.

A fourth pressure spring is further arranged above the annular limiting plate, the movable chock block is suspended in the annular groove under the action of the third pressure spring and the fourth pressure spring, and the top surface of the movable chock block is flush with or higher than the top surface of the bottom plate in a static state; and a channel penetrating through the bottom surface of the bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the annular groove.

The piston cavity of the lower side of the annular piston is communicated with the channel, the lower end of the movable chock block is provided with a blocking wall for isolating the limiting groove and the channel, and the annular limiting plate is provided with vent holes for communicating the cavities on the upper side and the lower side of the limiting groove.

The air inlet comprises a blind hole which is formed in the bottom of the bottom plate along the vertical direction, the air passage is communicated with the side wall of the blind hole, an annular valve block is arranged in the blind hole, the outer ring surface of the annular valve block is in sliding fit with the side wall of the blind hole, a shoulder is arranged at the hole opening of the blind hole, the lower end of the annular valve block is in blocking connection with the shoulder, and a fifth pressure spring is arranged between the upper end of the annular valve block and the top wall of the blind hole; the annular valve block statically covers the air passage inlet and can be removed from the air passage inlet when the annular valve block is pressed upwards.

The annular die sleeve is provided with a waist-shaped structure, the ring surface of the die sleeve corresponding to the waist-shaped structure is equally divided into at least two independent arc surfaces along the circumferential direction, the adjacent arc surfaces are connected into a whole through a rib plate, the rib plate is of a hinge-shaped structure, two pages of the rib plate are respectively connected with the adjacent edges of the adjacent two arc surfaces into a whole, and the hinge protrudes out of the outer ring surface of the annular die sleeve; the bottom plate is made of rigid materials, a first boss is arranged on the bottom plate, the first boss protrudes into the annular die sleeve, and the outer ring surface of the first boss is tightly attached to the inner ring surface of the annular die sleeve; the part of the movable chock block protruding out of the top surface of the bottom plate forms the first boss; the top plate comprises an elastic panel and a rigid support plate, a second boss is arranged at the bottom of the elastic panel, the second boss protrudes into the annular die sleeve, and the outer ring surface of the second boss is tightly attached to the inner ring surface of the annular die sleeve; the rigid support plate is positioned on the upper side of the elastic panel and is in adhesive connection with the elastic panel, and the rigid support plate is arranged corresponding to the central hole of the annular die sleeve; the upper end of the annular die sleeve is provided with a second flange which protrudes and extends towards the outer side of the annular surface, the upper end of the second flange is attached to the edge of the lower end of the elastic panel, the lower end of the second flange is provided with a second annular pressing plate, the upper end of the elastic panel is provided with a third annular pressing plate corresponding to the second annular pressing plate, and the second annular pressing plate and the third annular pressing plate are both made of rigid materials; and the second annular pressing plate is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through the upright post.

The invention has the technical effects that: the ceramic mould can be filled with high-pressure gas from the bottom, and the inflation pipeline can be automatically opened and closed, so that the mould forming quality is ensured, the mould inflation operation process is simplified, and the production efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mold provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a mold provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a mold provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of section I of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a mold according to an embodiment of the present invention in an expanded state;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a mold base provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a demolding device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an inflator and a decapper provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion III of FIG. 9;

fig. 11 is a sectional view of a blank extraction device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.

As shown in fig. 8, a ceramic demolding device comprises a mold 10, an inflating device 51, a top removing device 52, a blank taking device 53 and a conveying unit; as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the mold 10 includes an annular mold sleeve 11 made of an elastic material, and a top plate 12 and a bottom plate 13 respectively located at the upper end and the lower end of the annular mold sleeve 11, the top plate 12, and the bottom plate 13 together enclose a cavity for containing ceramic powder and a green body 101; the bottom plate 13 is provided with an inflation unit, the inflation unit comprises an air passage 135 arranged inside the bottom plate 13 and an air inlet and an air outlet arranged at two ends of the air passage 135, the air inlet is positioned on the bottom surface of the bottom plate 13, and the air outlet is positioned on the top surface of the bottom plate 13 and is arranged corresponding to the inner annular surface of the annular die sleeve 11; the gas outlet is provided with a movable plug 134, and the movable plug 134 is assembled to be capable of switching between the following two work positions: at a first station, a movable plug block 134 is blocked on the air outlet and is used as a part of the inner wall of the cavity; at the second station, the movable plug block 134 is removed from the air outlet to enable the air passage 135 to be communicated with the cavity; the inflation device 51 is used for abutting against an air inlet at the bottom of the mould 10 and inflating the cavity of the mould 10; the top removing device 52 is used for removing the top plate 12 of the die 10, and the blank taking device 53 is used for taking the ceramic blank body 101 out of the cavity of the die 10; the conveying unit is used for driving the mold 10 to transfer between the inflating device 51 and the blank taking device 53. According to the structural characteristics of the novel ceramic mold, a series of original mechanical equipment is adopted to combine with the improvement of the structure of the mold 10, so that the automatic demolding of the ceramic blank body 101 is realized, the ceramic production and processing efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor cost is saved.

Preferably, a linkage unit is further arranged in the bottom plate 13, and the linkage unit is configured to drive the movable plug 134 at the first station to the second station when the air passage 135 is connected with the high-pressure air source, and to reset the movable plug 134 from the second station to the first station when the air passage 135 is disconnected with the high-pressure air source.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 7 and 10, the movable plug 134 is annular, the movable plug 134 is movably disposed in an annular groove formed in the bottom plate 13 along the vertical direction, and the air passage 135 is communicated with a side wall of the annular groove. An annular piston 1341 is convexly arranged on the inner annular surface of the movable plug block 134 in a protruding mode, the annular piston 1341 and a piston cavity 137 formed in the side wall of the annular groove form sliding fit, a branch air passage 136 communicated with the piston cavity 137 on the upper side of the annular piston 1341 is arranged on the air passage 135, and when the branch air passage 136 pressurizes the piston cavity 137, the movable plug block 134 can be driven to move downwards. An elastic unit is also arranged between the movable chock 134 and the bottom plate 13, and is assembled to drive the movable chock 134 to move upwards when the piston cavity 137 is decompressed. An annular limiting plate 1342 is arranged on the outer annular surface of the movable chock 134, a limiting groove matched with the annular limiting plate 1342 is arranged on the side wall of the annular groove, and the elastic unit comprises a third pressure spring 1345 arranged below the annular limiting plate 1342. A fourth pressure spring 1346 is further arranged above the annular limiting plate 1342, the movable chock 134 is suspended in the annular groove under the action of the third pressure spring 1345 and the fourth pressure spring 1346, and the top surface of the movable chock 134 is flush with or higher than the top surface of the bottom plate 13 in a static state; and a channel penetrating through the bottom surface of the bottom plate 13 is arranged at the bottom of the ring groove. The piston cavity 137 at the lower side of the annular piston 1341 is communicated with the channel, the lower end of the movable chock 134 is provided with a blocking wall 1343 for isolating the limiting groove and the channel, and the annular limiting plate 1342 is provided with a vent hole 1344 for communicating the cavities at the upper side and the lower side of the limiting groove. The air inlet comprises a blind hole which is formed in the bottom of the bottom plate 13 along the vertical direction, the air passage 135 is communicated with the side wall of the blind hole, an annular valve block 138 is arranged in the blind hole, the outer annular surface of the annular valve block 138 is in sliding fit with the side wall of the blind hole, a shoulder is arranged at the hole opening of the blind hole, the lower end of the annular valve block 138 is blocked with the shoulder, and a fifth pressure spring 139 is arranged between the upper end of the annular valve block 138 and the top wall of the blind hole; the annular valve block 138 statically covers the inlet of the air passage 135 and can be removed from the inlet of the air passage 135 when the annular valve block 138 is pressed upward. The state of the mold 10 before inflation is shown in fig. 7, at this time, the annular valve block 138 abuts against the shoulder under the action of the fifth compression spring 139, the movable chock 134 is in a high position, and a small amount of movable allowance (preferably, the movable allowance is 1-2 mm) is provided above the movable chock 134, and the state is suitable for an isostatic pressing process, specifically: when the die 10 is placed in a pressurized medium, the pressurized medium can extrude the lower end of the movable plug 134, so that the movable plug 134 moves upwards, the lower section of the blank 101 is compacted, the pressurized medium can simultaneously enter the upper part of the annular valve block 138 through the central hole of the annular valve block 138, and as the contact area between the upper end of the annular valve block 138 and the pressurized medium is larger than that between the lower end of the annular valve block 138 and the pressurized medium, the annular valve block 138 is subjected to downward pressure, so that the annular valve block 138 is ensured to be always closed in the isostatic pressurization process, and the pressurized medium is prevented from entering the air passage 135. After the mold 10 is inflated, as shown in fig. 10, the annular valve block 138 is lifted upwards under the pushing action of the inflator 51, at this time, an inflation pipeline of the inflator 51 is communicated with the air passage 135, high-pressure gas firstly enters the piston cavity 137 through the air passage 135 and the branch air passage 136, so as to push the movable plug 134 to move downwards, when the movable plug 134 moves to the low position, the air passage 135 is communicated with the lower end space of the green body 101, so that the high-pressure gas is inflated into the cavity, and the annular mold sleeve 11 is fully separated from the green body 101 under the action of the high-pressure gas, so that the green body taking operation in the next step is facilitated.

Further, the annular die sleeve 11 is provided with a waist-shaped structure, the ring surface of the die sleeve corresponding to the waist-shaped structure is equally divided into at least two independent arc surfaces along the circumferential direction, adjacent arc surfaces are connected into a whole through a rib plate 111, the rib plate 111 is of a hinge-shaped structure, two pages of the rib plate 111 are respectively connected with adjacent edges of the adjacent two arc surfaces into a whole, and the hinge protrudes out of the outer ring surface of the annular die sleeve 11; the bottom plate 13 is made of rigid material, a first boss 131 is arranged on the bottom plate 13, the first boss 131 protrudes into the annular mold sleeve 11, and the outer annular surface of the first boss 131 is tightly attached to the inner annular surface of the annular mold sleeve 11; the part of the movable chock 134 protruding from the top surface of the bottom plate 13 forms the first boss 131; the top plate 12 comprises an elastic panel 12 and a rigid support plate 121, a second boss is arranged at the bottom of the elastic panel 12, the second boss protrudes into the annular die sleeve 11, and the outer ring surface of the second boss is tightly attached to the inner ring surface of the annular die sleeve 11; the rigid support plate 121 is positioned on the upper side of the elastic panel 12 and is in adhesive connection with the elastic panel 12, and the rigid support plate 121 is arranged corresponding to the central hole of the annular die sleeve 11; the upper end of the annular die sleeve 11 is provided with a second flange 113 which protrudes and extends towards the outer side of the annular surface, the upper end of the second flange 113 is attached to the edge of the lower end of the elastic panel 12, the lower end of the second flange 113 is provided with a second annular pressure plate 16, the upper end of the elastic panel 12 is provided with a third annular pressure plate 17 which corresponds to the second annular pressure plate 16, and the second annular pressure plate 16 and the third annular pressure plate 17 are both made of rigid materials; the second annular pressure plate 16 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 13 through a vertical column 18. The die 10 provided by the invention is particularly suitable for forming a porcelain blank with a waist-shaped structure, and the shrinkage and expansion of the waist-shaped part of the die 10 are realized by utilizing the ribbed plates 111 arranged in a hinge shape, so that the integrity of the die 10 is ensured, the quick demoulding of the blank body 101 is realized, and the forming quality and the forming efficiency of the porcelain blank are improved. The mold 10 is contracted as shown in fig. 1, at which time the curved surfaces can be spliced to form a complete waisted cavity, and the mold 10 is expanded as shown in fig. 6, at which time the curved surfaces and the expanded ribs 111 enclose an outwardly convex cavity to facilitate the removal of the blank 101 from the mold 10. Further preferably, a mold core 14 arranged at an interval with the annular mold sleeve 11 is further arranged in the annular mold sleeve 11, and the mold core 14 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 13. And a first crack stop groove 115 is arranged at the corner where the rib plate 111 is connected with the cambered surface and the corner where the two pages of the rib plate 111 are connected. The inner side edge of the upper end of the annular die sleeve 11 is provided with a chamfer 114, and the corner of the annular die sleeve 11 connected with the second flange 113 is provided with a second crack-stopping groove 116. The first crack stop groove 115 and the second crack stop groove 116 can improve the fatigue resistance of the annular die sleeve 11 during deformation, avoid tearing of the die 10, increase the contact area between the extrusion medium and the annular die sleeve 11, and improve the molding quality.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 9, the inflating device 51 includes a hollow telescopic rod 511, an inner cavity of the hollow telescopic rod 511 is communicated with a high-pressure air source through a pipeline, an air outlet 512 is arranged at an upper end of the hollow telescopic rod 511, and the hollow telescopic rod 511 is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the third vertical piston cylinder. The topping device 52 is positioned above the inflating device 51, the topping device 52 comprises a second pressing plate 523 movably arranged along the vertical direction, a second pressing ring 525 is arranged at the lower end of the second pressing plate 523, a first suction disc 524 is arranged in the center of the second pressing ring 525, and the first suction disc 524 is communicated with a negative pressure pipeline; the upper end of the second pressure plate 523 is fixedly connected with a piston rod of the first vertical piston cylinder 521, and the first vertical piston cylinder 521 is fixedly connected with a sliding block of the first horizontal electric cylinder 522. The specific action process of the inflator 51 and the topping device 52 is as follows: firstly, the mold 10 is conveyed between the inflating device 51 and the top removing device 52 by the conveying unit, then the first vertical piston cylinder 521 drives the second pressing plate 523 to move downwards, the second pressing ring 525 at the lower end of the second pressing plate 523 tightly presses the edge of the top plate 12, the first suction cup 524 is tightly attached to the top plate 12, meanwhile, the third vertical piston cylinder drives the hollow telescopic rod 511 to move upwards to jack the annular valve block 138 at the bottom of the mold 10, at the moment, the mold 10 can be inflated, after the inflation is finished, the first vertical piston cylinder 521 and the third vertical piston cylinder reset, the first suction cup 524 sucks the top plate 12, then the first horizontal electric cylinder 522 transfers the top plate 12 to a top plate 12 collecting station, finally the first suction cup 524 releases the pressure, the top plate 12 falls into a collecting container, and the top plate 12 removing process is finished.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 11, the blank taking device 53 includes a third pressing plate 533 reciprocating in the vertical direction, a second suction cup 534 is disposed at the lower end of the third pressing plate 533, the second suction cup 534 is communicated with the negative pressure pipeline, the upper end of the third pressing plate 533 is fixedly connected to a piston rod of a second vertical piston cylinder 531, and the second vertical piston cylinder 531 is fixedly connected to a slider of a second horizontal electric cylinder 532; spacing components are arranged below the blank taking device 53 at intervals, each spacing component comprises two spacing bars 548 which are arranged at intervals, the distance between the two spacing bars 548 is small, the distance between the two spacing bars 548 is equal to the diameter of the bottom plate 13, and a gap between the two spacing bars 548 is positioned on a movement path of the mold 10. The concrete action process of the blank taking device 53 is as follows: firstly, the top-removed die 10 is conveyed to the position below the blank taking device 53 by the conveying unit, the limit component can just block the edge of the bottom plate 13 of the die 10 at the moment to prevent the die 10 from moving up and down, then the second vertical piston cylinder 531 drives the third pressing plate 533 to move downwards to enable the second suction cup 534 to be attached to the top surface of the blank 101, meanwhile, the second suction cup 534 sucks air to adsorb the blank 101 below the third pressing plate 533, finally, the second vertical piston cylinder 531 drives the third pressing plate 533 to move upwards, the second horizontal electric cylinder 532 transfers the blank 101 to a blank 101 collecting station, the second suction cup 534 releases pressure, and the blank taking process is completed.

As shown in fig. 8, the conveying unit includes a turntable 541, a U-shaped notch 542 is formed in an edge of the turntable 541, a surrounding wall 544 is disposed on an outer side of a circumferential surface of the turntable 541, a supporting plate 543 is disposed below the turntable 541, two notch portions are circumferentially disposed on the surrounding wall 544 at intervals, one of the notch portions is abutted to the feeding conveyer belt 545, the other notch portion is abutted to the discharging conveyer belt 546, a pushing block 547 for pushing the mold 10 from the U-shaped notch 542 to the discharging conveyer belt 546 is disposed above the notch portion, and the pushing block 547 is fixedly connected to a piston rod of a horizontal cylinder; the air charging device 51, the topping device 52 and the blank taking device 53 are all positioned on the rotation path of the U-shaped notch 542. The conveying unit can realize the one-by-one feeding of the die 10 on the inflating station, the ejection station and the blank taking station, and can convey the die 10 after demolding to downstream collecting equipment without manually transferring the die 10 among the equipment, thereby improving the operation efficiency of the whole equipment.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention. Structures, devices, and methods of operation not specifically described or illustrated herein are generally practiced in the art without specific recitation or limitation.

Claims

1. A ceramic mold, characterized in that: the ceramic powder and green body forming die comprises an annular die sleeve (11) made of elastic materials, and a top plate (12) and a bottom plate (13) which are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the annular die sleeve (11), wherein the annular die sleeve (11), the top plate (12) and the bottom plate (13) jointly enclose a cavity for containing ceramic powder and a green body (101); the bottom plate (13) is provided with an inflation unit, the inflation unit comprises an air passage (135) arranged inside the bottom plate (13) and an air inlet and an air outlet which are arranged at two ends of the air passage (135), the air inlet is positioned on the bottom surface of the bottom plate (13), and the air outlet is positioned on the top surface of the bottom plate (13) and is arranged corresponding to the inner annular surface of the annular die sleeve (11); the gas outlet is provided with a movable plug block (134), and the movable plug block (134) is assembled to be capable of switching between the following two work stations: in the first station, a movable chock block (134) is blocked on the air outlet and is used as a part of the inner wall of the cavity; in a second station, the movable plug block (134) is removed from the air outlet so that the air passage (135) is communicated with the cavity; a linkage unit is further arranged in the bottom plate (13), and is assembled to drive the movable plug block (134) at the first station to the second station when the air passage (135) is communicated with a high-pressure air source, and the movable plug block (134) can be reset to the first station from the second station when the air passage (135) is disconnected with the high-pressure air source; the movable plug block (134) is annular, the movable plug block (134) is movably arranged in a ring groove formed in the bottom plate (13) along the vertical direction, and the air channel (135) is communicated with the side wall of the ring groove; an annular piston (1341) is convexly arranged on the inner annular surface of the movable plug block (134), the annular piston (1341) and a piston cavity (137) formed in the side wall of the annular groove form sliding fit, a branch air passage (136) communicated with the piston cavity (137) on the upper side of the annular piston (1341) is arranged on the air passage (135), and the movable plug block (134) can be driven to move downwards when the branch air passage (136) pressurizes the piston cavity (137); an elastic unit is further arranged between the movable chock (134) and the bottom plate (13), and is assembled to drive the movable chock (134) to move upwards when the piston cavity (137) is decompressed; an annular limiting plate (1342) is arranged on the outer annular surface of the movable chock (134), a limiting groove matched with the annular limiting plate (1342) is arranged on the side wall of the annular groove, and the elastic unit comprises a third pressure spring (1345) arranged below the annular limiting plate (1342); a fourth pressure spring (1346) is further arranged above the annular limiting plate (1342), the movable chock (134) is suspended in the annular groove under the action of the third pressure spring (1345) and the fourth pressure spring (1346), and the top surface of the movable chock (134) is flush with the top surface of the bottom plate (13) or higher than the top surface of the bottom plate (13) in a static state; the bottom of the ring groove is provided with a channel which penetrates through the bottom surface of the bottom plate (13); a piston cavity (137) on the lower side of the annular piston (1341) is communicated with the channel, a blocking wall (1343) for isolating the limiting groove from the channel is arranged at the lower end of the movable chock block (134), and a vent hole (1344) for communicating cavities on the upper side and the lower side of the limiting groove is formed in the annular limiting plate (1342); the air inlet comprises a blind hole which is formed in the bottom of the bottom plate (13) in the vertical direction, the air passage (135) is communicated with the side wall of the blind hole, an annular valve block (138) is arranged in the blind hole, the outer annular surface of the annular valve block (138) is in sliding fit with the side wall of the blind hole, a shoulder is arranged at the hole opening of the blind hole, the lower end of the annular valve block (138) is in blocking connection with the shoulder, and a fifth pressure spring (139) is arranged between the upper end of the annular valve block (138) and the top wall of the blind hole; the annular valve block (138) covers the inlet of the air channel (135) in a static state and can be removed from the inlet of the air channel (135) when the annular valve block (138) is pressed upwards.

2. The ceramic mold of claim 1, wherein: the annular die sleeve (11) is provided with a waist-shaped structure, the ring surface of the die sleeve corresponding to the waist-shaped structure is equally divided into at least two independent arc surfaces along the circumferential direction, adjacent arc surfaces are connected into a whole through a rib plate (111), the rib plate (111) is of a hinge-shaped structure, two pages of the rib plate (111) are respectively connected with adjacent edges of the adjacent two arc surfaces into a whole, and the hinge protrudes and extends on the outer ring surface of the annular die sleeve (11); the bottom plate (13) is made of rigid materials, a first boss (131) is arranged on the bottom plate (13), the first boss (131) protrudes into the annular die sleeve (11), and the outer ring surface of the first boss (131) is tightly attached to the inner ring surface of the annular die sleeve (11); the part of the movable chock block (134) protruding out of the top surface of the bottom plate (13) forms the first boss (131); the top plate (12) comprises an elastic panel (12) and a rigid support plate (121), a second boss is arranged at the bottom of the elastic panel (12), the second boss protrudes into the annular die sleeve (11), and the outer ring surface of the second boss is tightly attached to the inner ring surface of the annular die sleeve (11); the rigid support plate (121) is positioned on the upper side of the elastic panel (12) and is in adhesive connection with the elastic panel (12), and the rigid support plate (121) is arranged corresponding to the central hole of the annular die sleeve (11); the upper end of the annular die sleeve (11) is provided with a second flange (113) which protrudes and extends towards the outer side of the annular surface, the upper end of the second flange (113) is attached to the edge of the lower end of the elastic panel (12), the lower end of the second flange (113) is provided with a second annular pressing plate (16), the upper end of the elastic panel (12) is provided with a third annular pressing plate (17) which corresponds to the second annular pressing plate (16), and the second annular pressing plate (16) and the third annular pressing plate (17) are both made of rigid materials; the second annular pressure plate (16) is fixedly connected with the bottom plate (13) through an upright post (18).